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  • American Physical Society  (118)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new ultra low-field ESR spectrometer (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 685-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A CW electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer working at earth-field is described for the first time. The optimized sensitivity has allowed to reduce the size of the sample holder down to 100 mm3, a low value for such a low working frequency (1.845 MHz). At this frequency, only narrow ESR signals are significant (maximum sweep 125 μT or 100 A/m). The use of the Bloch configuration and the particular care to optimize the sensitivity lead to a design that partially compensates the lack of sensitivity due to low fields. Small material quantities are thus usable. Moreover, the spectrometer is low cost, portable, and easily reproducible with the announced performance. The main use of the spectrometer is to characterize materials for earth field magnetometry. For that purpose it has been necessary to define a figure of merit for magnetometry. Until this study, the only parameter discussed was the linewidth of the homogeneous ESR line (i.e., T2). The detailed discussion of the figure of merit, taking into account not only the material but the couple spectrometer material, considerably decreases the predominance of the linewidth and let emerge secondary factors such as packaging, susceptibility, ESR lineshape, T1 vs T2, etc. The figure of merit evaluated from the material parameters has been experimentally measured for different π radicals. Comparison with their performance in earth field magnetometry demonstrates the pertinence of the proposed figure of merit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyanhydride microspheres. IV. Morphology and characterization of systems made by spray drying (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres produced by spray drying is described. Microspheres prepared from a variety of homo- and copolymers were studied and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystalline polymers, such as poly(sebacic anhydride) (P(SA)) and poly(fumaric acid) (P(FA)), yielded microspheres with a crenelated and porous surface, as judged by SEM. Polymers, with lower crystallinity, such as copolymers of carboxyphenoxypropane and sebacic acid P(CPP-SA), yielded microspheres with a smooth external surface. Polymer crystallinity decreased after spray drying, for both blank and drug loaded microspheres.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450115
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the tensile testing of high modulus polymers and the compliance correction (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 328-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The application of a method to determine and correct for the influence of non-specimen extension in tensile testing is reviewed and demonstrated using two different thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. In the tensile testing of high modulus polymer extrudate, where the amount of specimen extension is inferred from the crosshead travel, the error associated with system compliance can be significant and parameters such as modulus and elongation will be in error. The need to apply the correction depends on the magnitude of the product of the sample modulus and cross-sectional area, divided by the test gage length, relative to the system compliance value. Its application is not necessarily restricted to high modulus materials, and can be extended to samples of larger cross-sectional area and lower modulus. Guidance to assist in the choice of a suitable gage length to avoid compliance correction and a method to quantify the error contribution is presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of processing history on the properties of a thermotropic copolyester/polycarbonate blend (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 52-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Relationships between the rheological, morphological, and tensile properties of an immiscible blend of 25 wt% of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) with polycarbonate are presented. The shear viscosity of the blend is intermediate between the two constituent materials, and indicates immiscibility in the melt. Extrudate swell behavior is examined and found to be closely related to that of polycarbonate. The morphology of the dispersed LCP phase varies between droplets and oriented fibrils, and is highly correlated with changes in tensile properties. Fibrils are associated with increased tensile modulus, and their development is favored in the elongation flow fields present in the spinline and in the die convergence section. In all cases, blend stiffness is less than that predicted for a continuous fiber-reinforced composite. Enhanced tensile modulus is associated with both extrusion from shorter length dies and increases in spinline draw ratio, with the latter proving the most important in fibril formation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A group contribution molecular model of liquids and solutions (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 144-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A group contribution molecular model is developed for the thermodynamic properties of polar and nonpolar liquids and their solutions, including energy of vaporization, ρVT relations, excess properties, and activity coefficients. The model is based on the cell theory in which the repulsive forces of molecules are expressed with a modified cell partition function derived from the Carnahan-Starling equation of state for hard spheres. The attractive forces are made up of group pair interaction contributions. Group and interaction properties have been determined for methyl, methylene, hydroxyl, and carbonyl. Extensive comparisons are made of predictions of the model with data for pure liquids and their solutions.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The TB-LMTO method and its relation to the screened KKR method (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 165-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main formal aspects of the TB-LMTO and the screened KKR method are reviewed in terms of multiple scattering theory (scattered wave method) as based on a general reference medium. In terms of the corresponding Green's functions, a comparison is made between these two approaches listing similarities and differences and advantages and disadvantages. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 165-188, 1997
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Healing of large segmental defects in rat femurs is aided by RhBMP-2 in PLGA matrix (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1149-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein- (rhBMP-) can be used to enhance the repair of congenital or acquired bone pathologies when formulated in the appropriate carrier. Poly [D, L-(lactide-co-glycolide)] (PLGA) has been shown to be an effective carrier of rhBMP-. We investigated several particle sizes PLGA and several doses of rhBMP- in a rat orthotopic model. We also investigated the effects of a fibrinolytic inhibitory agent, epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA), on the healing response. Our data indicate that higher doses of rhBMP- resulted in increased failure torque (408 ± 70 N-mm or 60% of the intact value) and higher incidence of union (100%). The induced bone in femurs treated with the smaller particle size PLGA achieved the greatest torsional stiffness and strength. The presence of rhBMP- was necessary for new bone to form, but the presence of EACA did not change these results; the use of the PLGA carrier appeared to increase bone strength and stiffness. In fact, with higher doses of rhBMP- in PLGA, the stiffness of the new bone was equal to that of intact controls (64 ± 20 N-mm/deg [intact femurs] versus 45 ± 10 N-mm/degree [medium dose in small PLGA], 61 ± 17 N-mm/degree [high dose in small PLGA], and 36 ± 11 N-mm/degree [medium dose in large PLGA]; P 〉 .05). In conclusion, PLGA implanted with rhBMP- effectively aided in healing large segmental defects in rat femurs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820281005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium using novel delivery systems for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-) (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1139-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In the current investigation, we report osseous regeneration in critical-size rat calvarial defects using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-) and novel delivery systems based on biomaterials. The novel systems combine rhBMP- with dry powder microparticles of poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The mixture of rhBMP- with PLGA microparticles is added to an aqueous solution of biopolymer to yield a semisolid paste. The biopolymers tested include autologous blood clot, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and sodium alginate cross-linked with calcium ion. Insoluble collageneous bone matrix was also studied as a control. Test articles were made at 0-, 10-, and 30-µg doses of rhBMP- and implanted in 8-mm-diameter rat calvarial defects (which will not heal if left untreated). The animals were examined 21 days after implantation by radiography, radiomorphometry, histology, and histomorphometry. All tested materials containing rhBMP- restored radiopacity and normal contouring to the calvarial defects. Samples without added rhBMP- yielded only soft tissue within the defects. Histology showed restoration of inner and outer bone tables plus marrow constituents. The PLGA microparticles were significantly resorbed at the 21-day time point. Although small differences between delivery systems were evident at 0- and 10-µg rhBMP- doses, all test articles performed essentially equivalently at the 30-µg dose. Thus, novel delivery systems for rhBMP- offer the promise of combining the intrinsic bioactivity of the osteoinductive protein with pharmaceutically acceptable biomaterials. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820281004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxonol dyes as monitors of membrane potential: The effect of viruses and toxins on the plasma membrane potential of animal cells in monolayer culture and in suspension (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 123 (1985), S. 326-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Optical indicators of the cationic, cyanine and anionic oxonol classes were used to evaluate the plasma membrane potential of animal cells in suspension and in monolayer culture. The optical signals were calibrated by using diffusion potential either of K+ (in the presence of valinomycin) or of H+ (in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; FCCP); both classes of dye gave similar values of plasma membrane potential, in the range -40 to -90 mV for different cell types. Addition of haemolytic Sendai virus or Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin depolarizes cells and causes them to leak monovalent cations; these effects are antagonized by extracellular Ca2+. Cells infected with vesicular stomatitis or Semliki Forest virus become depolarized during an infectious cycle; infection with other viruses was without affect on plasma membrane potential.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041230306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 is superior to demineralized bone matrix in repairing craniotomy defects in rats (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1127-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to measure bone-regenerative effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-) in rat calvarial critical-size defects (CSDs). CSDs (8 mm in diameter) were treated with either: (1) 2.2 µg rhBMP- combined with insoluble collagenous bone matrix (ICBM), (2) 6.5 µg rhBMP- plus ICBM, (3) ICBM alone, or (4) demineralized bone matrix (DBM), for 7, 14, or 21 days. Multiple linear regression showed that rhBMP- had a significant time- and dose-dependent effect on bone regeneration (P 〈 .05). After 7 days, new calcifying cartilage and remineralizing ICBM, with an occasional zone of new woven bone, was evident in defects treated with rhBMP-/ICBM. By 14 days, both doses of rhBMP- reconstituted with ICBM had induced more bone formation than ICBM alone or DBM, and 6.5 µg was superior to 2. 2 m̈g. There was no evidence of adverse cellular response. This study shows for the first time that rhBMP- could restore osseous form to a calvarial defect. In addition, osteoregeneration was accelerated by the higher dose of rhBMP-. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820281003
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