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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (1)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic investigation of the morphology of a melt-crystallized polyaryletherketone (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 2843-2853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the structure and morphology of the useful high-temperature/high-strength polymer polyaryletherketone (PEEK) by transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional electron diffraction after finding suitable solvents (α-chloronaphthalene and benzophenone) that allowed casting of the required ultrathin polymer films. When crystallized from the melt, PEEK grows in the form of spherulites consisting of narrow lamellae and having the b axis of the unit cell radial. Additionally, at high temperatures in these ultrathin films, the spherulites attain an extraordinary cylindrical symmetry as a result of growth of their lamellae on edge, with the c crystallographic direction parallel to the film plane and the a direction corresponding to the cylinder axis. Reasons for this mode of growth are attributed to the highly anisometric molecular cross section normal to the chain direction, which favors crystal nucleation on the substrate with the bc plane. At lower temperatures during crystallization from the melt, a more random lamellar disposition is seen in these thin-film spherulites, although lamellae on edge still predominate. Crystallization by heating from the quenched glassy phase yields random lamellar aggregates and small spherulites. The glassy phase in ultrathin PEEK shows no consistent morphological features down to a level of resolution of 1.0 nm. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the free surfaces of bulk samples crystallized under controlled conditions both from the melt and from the glass, show that our findings from ultrathin films (with the exception of the quasicylindrical spherulitic substructure) also apply to these thicker specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335856
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous-phase source of formic acid in clouds (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 427-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During the daytime, gaseous OH and HO2 radicals are photo-chemically produced in the atmosphere10-12. Within a cloud, these radicals can be rapidly scavenged by cloud droplets, thereby resulting in a source of free radicals to cloudwater13. Once in the aqueous phase, OH and HO2 initiate a complex ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/304427a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiation crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride) with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. I. Dose dependence and the effects of thermal treatment (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3669-3688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The radiation crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, TMPTMA, has been examined. The polyfunctional TMPTMA undergoes rapid polymerization incorporating the PVC into a three-dimensional network. The kinetics and mechanism of these crosslinking reactions were studied with particular reference to dose dependence and thermal treatment. The gel was rapidly formed with a TMPTMA polymerization rate greater than that of the PVC grafting reaction. Only 30-40% of the available bonds were used in the initial polymerization. The remaining 60-70% of the double bonds predominantly react in the final stages of crosslinking (80-100% gelation). The macroscopic properties (e.g., solubility, glass transition temperatures, mechanical characteristics, etc.) of the PVC-TMPTMA blend are discussed in terms of the molecular crosslinking mechanism. The effect of thermal treatment, during and after irradiation, on the reaction rates and mechanism is examined.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility in a blend of poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2001-2013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The compatibility of mixtures of poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) has been investigated by measurement of the following properties: density, light transmission, glass transition temperature, vapor absorption, and NMR relaxation times. To varying degrees, all results provided evidence supporting the contention that these mixtures are compatible.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260623
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance study of rubber-carbon black interactions (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 829-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mobilities of polymer chain segments in mixtures of rubber and carbon black were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. Spin-spin relaxation time (T2) measurements on cis-polybutadiene and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) bound rubbers detected at least two relaxing regions: an immobile region and a relatively free region. The molecular motions in the relatively free region are still constrained compared to those of the pure gum.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transformation in mixtures of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 2337-2345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Homogeneous films comprised of mixtures of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether) can be obtained by evaporation from a ternary solution containing toluene as the solvent. Heterogeneous films result when the solvent is trichloroethylene. The possibility that a heterogeneous film cast from trichloroethylene can be transformed to a homogeneous one by physical means is a logical expectation when the polymer-polymer interaction is favorable, though as yet no comprehensive report has appeared in the literature. We have accomplished the transformation by increasing the temperature. Optical microscopy and glass transition experiments were employed to observe the effects.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180181203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetics study of the reaction of Cl with NO2This work was supported by a NASA contract. The results were presented at the 13th Informal Conference on Photochemistry, Clear Water Beach, Florida, January 4-7, 1978. (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 20 (1988), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The third order rate coefficients for the addition reaction of Cl with NO2, Cl + NO2 + M → ClNO2 (ClONO) + M; k1, were measured to be k1(He) = (7.5 ± 1.1) × 10-31 cm6 molecule-2 s-1 and k1(N2) = (16.6 ± 3.0) × 10-31 cm6 molecule-2 s-1 at 298 K using the flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence method. The pressure range of the study was 15 to 500 torr He and 19 to 200 torr N2. The temperature dependence of the third order rate coefficients were also measured between 240 and 350 K. The 298 K results are compared with those from previous low pressure studies.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550201005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence kinetics study of ground-state sulfur atoms. II. Rate parameters for reaction of S(3P) with C2H4 (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate constants for the reaction of S(3P) with ethylene were measured over an ethylene concentration range of 7, a total pressure of 50 to 400 torr, and a flash intensity range of 10. At 298°K, the bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant over this range of variables and had a measured value of 4.96 × 10-13 cm3 molec-1 s-1. Over the temperature range of 218° to 442°K, the rate data could be fit to a simple Arrhenius equation of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_1 = (7.13 \pm 0.74) \times 10^{ - 12} {\rm exp}\left({\frac{{{\rm - 1}{\rm .58} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .08 kcal/mole}}}{{RT}}} \right)$$\end{document} Units are cm3 molec-1 s-1. The dependence of the measured value of k1 on the concentration of the reaction product ethylene episulfide is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550040403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence kinetics study of the reactions of ground-state sulfur atoms. V. Rate parameters for the reaction of S(3P)with cis-2-butene and tetramethylethylene (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 5 (1973), S. 841-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate parameters for the reaction of ground-state atomic sulfur, S(3P), with the olefins cis-2-butene and tetramethylethylene have been determined over a temperature range of ∽280°K. A major finding of this study was that the rate constants for both reactions showed negative temperature dependencies. When k is expressed in the form of an Arrhenius equation, this necessarily leads to negative activation energies: k1 = (4.68 ± 0.70) × 10-12 exp (+0.23 ± 0.09 kcal/mole)/RT (219°-500°K) k2 = (4.68 ± 1.70) × 10-12 exp (+1.29 ± 0.23 kcal/mole)/RT (252°-500°K) Units are cm3 molec-1s-1. When a threshold energy of 0.0 kcal/mole is assumed for reaction (2), the temperature dependence of the preexponential term has a value of T-2. Making the usual simplifying assumptions, neither collision theory nor transition state theory leads to a preexponential factor with a strong enough negative temperature dependence. A comparison of these results with those derived from studies of the reactions of atomic oxygen, O(3P), with the same olefins shows that in both studies simple bimolecular processes were being examined. Also discussed are the possible experimental and theoretical ramifications of these new results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550050511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flash photolysis resonance fluorescence kinetics study of ground-state sulfur atoms. III. Rate parameters for reaction of S(3P) with ethylene episulfide (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 5 (1973), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate constants for the reaction of S(3P) with ethylene episulfide were measured over a C2H4S concentration range of 5, a total pressure of 20-200 tort, and a flash intensity range of ˜4. Over this range of variables, the bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant. Because of limitations imposed by the physical properties of the reactant C2H4S, temperature variations were necessarily held to the range 298-355°K. The bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant over this limited temperature range, having a value of (4.47 ± 0.26) × 10-11 cm3 molec.-1 sec-1. The possible influence of this reaction in studies of the S(3P)-ethylene system are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550050113
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