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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of semicrystalline polymers via high-frequency acoustic and x-ray measurements. I. Ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 505-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ferroelectric copolymers ; Brillouinspectroscopy ; irradiation ; acoustic properties ; molecular orientation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Acoustic, opto-acoustic, and x-ray investigations have been performed in order to study the influence of irradiation, electrical poling, and mechanical orientation on the morphology of ferroelectric random copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluorethylene {P[VDF/TrFE] (70/30)}. The influences of these different treatments on the molecular orientation distribution of the amorphous and crystalline phases are discussed, as well as their influences on the crystallinity of the material. The elastic stiffness and the related viscosity tensors of P[VDF/TrFE] (70/30), the elastic stiffness modulus of the amorphous matrix, and the hierarchy of stiffness constants of the crystalline state have been determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310501
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis von Ba6Pr2Fe4O15, Ba5SrPr2Fe4O15 und Ba5CaPr2Fe4O15 (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkaline Earth ; Praseodym ; Iron Oxide ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Ba6Pr2Fe4O15, Ba5SrPr2Fe4O15 and Ba5CaPr2Fe4O15Ba6Pr2Fe4O15 (I), Ba5SrPr2Fe4O15 (II), and Ba5CaPr2Fe4O15 (III) have been prepared by high temperature CO2-LASER techniques. (I)-(III) crystallize isotypic to the Ba6Ln2Al4O15 type, space group C6v4-P63mc, (I): a = 11.808(2), c = 6.894(5), Z = 2. Typical features of the crystal structure are face shared MO6 octahedra (M = Ba or Ba/Sr, Ba/Ca) and a statistical distribution of Ba and Pr in a ratio of 1 : 2 within double capped trigonal prisms of oxygen. Fe shows tetrahedral as well as octahedral coordination by oxygen. Calculation of coulomb terms of lattice energy indicate the stabilization of Pr3+ beside Fe3+ by the Ba6Ln2Al4O15 type.
    Notes: Ba6Pr2Fe4O15 (I), Ba5SrPr2Fe4O15 (II) und Ba5CaPr2Fe4O15 (III) wurden mit Hochtemperatur-CO2-LASER-Technik dargestellt. (I)-(III) kristallisieren mit hexagonaler Symmetrie, Raumgruppe C6V4-P63mc, (I): a = 11.808(2), c = 7,036(4) Å; (II): a = 11.689(2), c = 6.954(2) Å; (III): a = 11.602(6), c = 6.894(5) Å, Z = 2. Charakteristische Eigenschaften dieser Kristallstruktur sind flächenverknüpfte MO6-Oktaeder (M = Ba oder Ba/Sr, Ba/Ca) und eine statistische Verteilung von Ba und Pr im Verhältnis 1 : 2 in einem zweifach überkappten trigonalen Sauerstoffprisma. Fe zeigt sowohl tetraedrische als auch oktaedrische Sauerstoffkoordination. Berechnungen der Coulomb-Terme zur Gitterenergie deuten an, daß durch den Ba6Ln2A4O15-Typ Pr3+ neben Fe3+ stabilisiert wird.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19976230133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic properties of thin ultraoriented poly(ε-caprolactone) films grown on ptfe substrates as revealed by Brillouin spectroscopy (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1173-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ε-caprolactone) films on highly oriented PTFE substrate ; Brillouin spectroscopy of ultraoriented poly(ε-caprolactone) films ; crystallization of ultra-oriented poly(ε-caprolactone) on PTFE sustrate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090301012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cu4O12-Baugruppen aus planaren CuO4-Polygonen im Barium-Vanadyl-Oxocuprat(II)-phosphat Ba(VO)Cu4(PO4)4Professor Rudolf Hoppe zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1693-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium ; Copper ; Vanadyl Phosphate ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cu4O12 Groups Built of Square Planar CuO4 Polygones in the Barium Vanadyl Oxocuprate(II) Phosphate Ba(VO)Cu4(PO4)4Single crystals of Ba(VO)Cu4(PO4)4 have been prepared by solid state reactions just below the melting points of the reaction mixtures of BaP2O6, Cu3(PO4)2, CuO, V2O5 and V2O3 in evacuated closed quartz glas tubes. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry, Space group D42—P4212, a = 9.560(2), c = 7.160(2) Å, Z = 2. Special and new features of the crystal structure are to each other isolated Cu4O12 and (VO)(PO4)4 groups. The crystal chemistry of the Cu4O12 groups is discussed with respect to other compounds containing out of plane connected square planar MO4 polygones.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Ba(VO)Cu4(PO4)4 wurden mit Festkörperreaktionen dicht unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Reaktionsgemenges aus BaP2O6, Cu3(PO4)2, CuO, V2O5 und V2O3 in geschlossenen, evakuierten Quarzglasampullen dargestellt. Diese Verbindung kristallisiert tetragonal, Raumgruppe D42—P4212, mit a = 9,560(2), c = 7,160(2) Å, Z = 2. Besondere und neue Eigenschaften der Kristallstruktur sind zueinander isolierte Cu4O12- und (VO)(PO4)4-Gruppen. Die Kristallchemie der Cu4O12-Baugruppen wird mit Blick auf andere Verbindungen, die nicht in Ebenen verknüpfte MO4-Polygone aufweisen, diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19976231103
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  • 5
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    Macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction imaging reveals Vermeers discriminating use of lead white pigments in Girl with a Pearl Earring (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Until the 19th century, lead white was the most important white pigment used in oil paintings. Lead white is typically composed of two crystalline lead carbonates: hydrocerussite [2PbCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉·Pb(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉] and cerussite (PbCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉). Depending on the ratio between hydrocerussite and cerussite, lead white can be classified into different subtypes, each with different optical properties. Current methods to investigate and differentiate between lead white subtypes involve invasive sampling on a microscopic scale, introducing problems of paint damage and representativeness. In this study, a 17th century painting 〈i〉Girl with a Pearl Earring〈/i〉 (by Johannes Vermeer, c. 1665, collection of the Mauritshuis, NL) was analyzed with a recently developed mobile and noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanner within the project 〈i〉Girl in the Spotlight〈/i〉. Four different subtypes of lead white were identified using XRPD imaging at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, implying that Vermeer was highly discriminatory in his use of lead white.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    CO2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-09
    Description: Subseabed CO 2 storage is considered a future climate change mitigation technology. We investigated the ecological consequences of CO 2 leakage for a marine benthic ecosystem. For the first time with a multidisciplinary integrated study, we tested hypotheses derived from a meta-analysis of previous experimental and in situ high-CO 2 impact studies. For this, we compared ecological functions of naturally CO 2 -vented seafloor off the Mediterranean island Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) to those of nonvented sands, with a focus on biogeochemical processes and microbial and faunal community composition. High CO 2 fluxes (up to 4 to 7 mol CO 2 m –2 hour –1 ) dissolved all sedimentary carbonate, and comigration of silicate and iron led to local increases of microphytobenthos productivity (+450%) and standing stocks (+300%). Despite the higher food availability, faunal biomass (–80%) and trophic diversity were substantially lower compared to those at the reference site. Bacterial communities were also structurally and functionally affected, most notably in the composition of heterotrophs and microbial sulfate reduction rates (–90%). The observed ecological effects of CO 2 leakage on submarine sands were reproduced with medium-term transplant experiments. This study assesses indicators of environmental impact by CO 2 leakage and finds that community compositions and important ecological functions are permanently altered under high CO 2 .
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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