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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 194-201 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pure-component equilibrium data for nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and multicomponent equilibrium data for air in 20 × 40 mesh 5A molecular sieve were measured at 297.15, 233.15, and 203.15 K and up to pressures of 4 bar. The multicomponent data were analyzed by a statistical thermodynamic model, ideal adsorbed solution theory, an extended Langmuir-Sips equation, and an extended Langmuir equation. The multicomponent system exhibited nonideal behavior at 233.15 and 203.15 K. Isotherm parameters determined in this work may be useful in the design and evaluation of molecular sieve air separation systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 568 (1989), S. 8-21 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Na(V3-xNbx)Nb6O14  -  A Novel Oxoniobate with [Nb6O12] and [M2O9] ClustersGoldcolored single crystals and black powders of Na(V3-xNbx)Nb6O14 have been prepared by heating a pellet containing a mixture of NaNbO3, NbO2, NbO, VO2 and NaF or Na2B4O7 (as mineralizers) at 900°C in a sealed gold capsule. The analytically determined Nb : V ratio is 5 : 1 and means that x is about 1.5. The compound crystallizes in P63/m with a = 603.4(1), c = 1807.9(5) pm and Z = 3.The crystal structure can be described in terms of common close packing of sheets of O and Na atoms together with Nb6 octahedra. Characteristic building groups of the new structure type are [Nb6O12] clusters, [M2O9] clusters and NbO5 bipyramids. V atoms are distributed only on the positions of the Nb atoms within the trigonal bipyramids or the [M2O9] clusters. The [Nb6O12] clusters show characteristicaly short distances dNb-Nb = 279.4 and 281.3 pm, respectively. In the [M2O9] units, which are built from two MO6 octahedra that share a common face, V or Nb atoms form M-M dumbbells with dM-M = 255.9 pm. The electronic structure is discussed using Extended Hückel calculations.
    Notes: Goldgelb glänzende Einkristalle und schwarze Pulver von Na(V3-xNbx)Nb6O14 wurden durch Tempern eines zu einer Pille gepreßten Gemenges aus NaNbO3, NbO2, NbO, VO2 und NaF oder Na2B4O7 (als Mineralisatoren) bei 900°C in einem geschlossenen Goldrohr dargestellt. Das analytisch ermittelte Verhältnis Nb : V ist ungefähr 5 : 1, so daß x bei etwa 1,5 liegt. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in P63/m mit a = 603,4(1), c = 1807,9(5) pm und Z = 3.Die Kristallstruktur baut sich aus gemeinsam dicht gepackten Schichten von O-Atomen, Na-Atomen und Nb6-Oktaedern auf. Charakteristische Baugruppen des neuen Strukturtyps sind [Nb6O12]- und [M2O9]-Cluster sowie NbO5-Bipyramiden. Die V-Atome verteilen sich nur auf die Positionen der Nb-Atome in den trigonalen Bipyramiden und den [M2O9]-Cluster. Innerhalb der [Nb6O12]-Cluster liegen charakteristisch kurze Abstände dNb-Nb = 279,4 bzw. 281,3 pm vor. In [M2O9]-Einheiten, zwei über Flächen verknüpften MO6-Oktaedern, bilden V- und Nb-Atome M-M-Hanteln mit dM-M = 255,9 pm. Die Bindungsverhältnisse werden unter Zuhilfenahme von Extended-Hückel-Rechnungen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies containing epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) or amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN) were prepared and studied in terms of fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and toughening mechanisms. Rubber incorporation improves both impact and FCP resistance, but results in slightly lower Young's modulus and Tg As Tg increases, the degree of toughening decreases. Rubber-induced shear yielding of the epoxy matrix is believed to be the dominant toughening mechanism. Decreasing fatigue resistance with increasing cyclic frequency is observed for both neat and rubber-toughened epoxies. This result may be explained by the inability of these materials to undergo possible beneficial effects of hysteretic heating. FCP resistance is linearly proportional to Mc1/2, where Mc is the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks determined on the rubber-toughened material. FCP resistance also increases with increasing static fracture toughness KIC. ATBN-toughened epoxies demonstrated better fatigue resistance than ETBN-toughened systems.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1466-1476 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies toughened with two reactive liquid rubbers, an epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) and an amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN), were prepared and studied in terms of their structure property relationships. A two-phase structure was formed, consisting of spherical rubber particles dispersed in an epoxy matrix. A broad distribution of rubber particles was observed in all the materials with most of the particles ranging in size from 1 to 4 μm, but some particles exceeding 20 μm were also found. Impact strength, plane strain fracture toughness (KIC), and fracture energy (GIC) were increased, while Young's modulus and yield strength decreased slightly with increasing rubber content and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Both GIC and KIC were found to increase with increasing apparent molecular weight between crosslinks and decreasing yield strength. The increased size of the plastic zone at the crack tip associated with decreasing yield strength could be the cause of the increased toughness. An ATBN-toughened system containing the greatest amount of epoxy sub-inclusion in the rubbery phase demonstrated the best fracture toughness in this series. In the present systems, rubber-enhanced shear deformation of the matrix is considered to be the major toughening mechanism. Curing conditions and the miscibility between the liquid rubber and the epoxy resin determine the phase morphology of the resulting two-phase systems. Kerner's equation successfully describes the modulus dependence on volume fraction for the two-phase epoxy materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Jahn-Teller Distortions of Transition Metal Ions in Tetrahedral Coordination  -  The Structures of Cat[MII(NCS)4]II (MII: Co, Ni, Cu) and of Mixed Crystals MIICr2O4(MII: Zn—Ni, Zn—Cu, Cu—Ni) of the Spinel TypeThe structure determination of compounds Cat[MII(NCS)4] with Cat = p-xylylenebis(triphenylphosphonium)2+ and MII = Co, Ni, Cu [space group P21/n, Z = 4] yielded pseudotetrahedral MIIN4-polyhedra, which are distorted by packing forces and vibronic coupling effects of the Jahn-Teller type. Spinel mixed crystals with MII = Zn—Ni, Zn—Cu, Ni—Cu in the tetrahedral sites exhibit phase transition to tetragonal and o-rhombic structures, induced by cooperative Jahn-Teller interactions. The distortion symmetries of the MIIN4 and MIIO4 tetrahedra are analysed on the basis of the respective electronic groundstate and the possible Jahn-Teller active vibrational modes.
    Notes: Die Strukturbestimmung von Verbindungen Cat[MII(NCS)4] mit Cat = p-Xylylen-bis(triphenylphosphonium)2+ und MII = Co, Ni, Cu [Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4] ergab pseudo-tetraedrische MN4-Polyeder, die als Folge von Packungseinflüssen und vibronischen Kopplungseffekten vom Jahn-Teller-Typ verzerrt sind. Bei Spinell-Mischkristallen MIICr2O4 mit normaler Kationenverteilung und MII = Zn—Ni, Zn—Cu, Ni—Cu werden Phasenübergänge zu tetragonalen und o-rhombischen Gittern als Folge kooperativer Jahn-Teller-Effekte beobachtet. Die auftretenden Verzerrungssymmetrien der MN4- und MO4-Tetraeder werden gruppentheoretisch auf der Grundlage der elektronischen Grundzustände und der möglichen Jahn-Teller-aktiven Normalschwingungen analysiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 385-386 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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