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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (18)
  • American Meteorological Society  (9)
  • 1995-1999  (27)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Habituating control strategies for process control (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 604-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By “reverse engineering” the functions of a specific biological system, habituating control strategies are developed for process control applications. A habituating control system has the distinguishing property of more more manipulated inputs than controlled outputs; with the inputs differing significantly in their dynamic effect on the outputs and in the relative costs of manipulating each one. A habituating controller coordinates the use of all the available inputs to achieve high-performance output objectives while simulatneously minimizing the cost of taking control action.The “baroreceptor reflex,” the control system responsible for short-term blood pressure regulation, provides the biological paradigm for the analysis and design of the habituating control structure. Its main characteristics are discussed from a process control perspective, indicating that the robust, high-performance control, characteristic of biological systems is partly due to such habituating control architectures. The broad range of potential process applications is illustrated with two examples. Two basic strategies are presented for the design of habituating controllers for linear systems with two inputs and one output: the direct synthesis approach and the model predictive approach. Compared to previous techniques for multiple-input, single-output systems, the direct synthesis strategy is straightforward and systematic. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of habituating control compared to conventional techniques for which the number of inputs and outputs are equal.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propane-Induced biodegradation of vapor phase trichoroethylene (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 333-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biodegradation ; chlorinated hydrocarbons ; trichloroethylene ; microbial kinetics ; chemostat ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) has been demonstrated under aerobic conditions with propane. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of introducing a vapor phase form of TCE in the presence of propane to batch bioreactors containing a liquid phase suspension of Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 to accomplish degradation. The reactor system consisted of three phases: a vapor phase introducing air, propane, and TCE; a liquid phase of the microbial suspension; and a solid phase in the form of the microorganisms. Long-term and initial rate experiments were conducted on three culture sets to evaluate microbial response. In two long-term test fed propane and approximately 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L of TCE, respectively, propane utilization was more efficient at the high TCE concentration (600 mmol propane/mmol TCE versus 11,900 mmol propane/mmol TCE), because the propane degradation rate was approximately the same for both tests (6.73 mg/L · h and 7.85 mg/L · h for the high and low tests). In addition, TCE utilization decreased after complete propane consumption. Initial rate tests on culture sets fed propane only revealed that cells with a history of exposure to a high concentration of TCE had the highest specific growth rate, but the lowest half-saturation constant (7.60e-3 h-1 and 0.10 mg/L, respectively). Tests fed variable TCE concentrations (0.031 to 5.378 mg/L in the liquid phase) with no propane showed TCE depletion but no biomass growth. The tests revealed that the TCE removal increased as the TCE concentration increased, indicating a greater removal efficiency at the higher concentrations. Tests with a constant initial propane concentration and variable liquid phase TCE concentration revealed that specific propane utilization was essentially the same. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Comparative Solvatochromism of Arylazo and Heteroarylazo Compounds Based On N,N-Diethyl-m-acetylaminoaniline and N,N-Diethyl-m-toluidine (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 1719-1727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: azo compounds ; dyes ; heterocycles ; correlation analysis ; solvato-chromism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azobenzene dyes derived from various anilines and aminothiaheterocycles azo-coupled with commercially important N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine (T series) and N,N-diethyl-m-acetylaminoani-line (A series) are positively solva-tochromic. The visible spectra of 16 pairs of derivatives have been measured in up to 22 solvents, and the transition energies related to Kamlet-Taft solvent polarity parameters. In general, A-series dyes are more bathochromic than their T-series counterparts in nonpolar solvents, consistent with colour chemistry tradition. However, in more dipolar solvents the more bathochromic T-series representatives unexpectedly become more bathochromic than their A-series partners. The relative solvatochromic shifts of the A and T series are related to their respective dipole moments. These in turn are distinguished by the effect of the anilide carbonyl group dipole moment, which is antiparallel to, and thus reduces, the dipole moment of the chromogen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19970031021
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis of anions at high salt concentrations (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2133-2139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Sea water ; Capillary electrophoresis ; High salt concentrations ; Anion analysis ; Joule heating ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is commonly thought that even a moderately high ionic concentration in the background electrolyte (BGE) would leaad to Joule heating and serious peak distortion. However, we obtained very satisfactory separations of both inorganic and organic anions in electrolyte solutions as high as 5 M sodium chloride using direct photometric detection. Samples containing a 0.5 M concentration of a salt can be analyzed directly by making the BGE concentration of the same salt even higher to obtain electrostacking. The temperature in the center of the capillary was calculated to be 49°C when the current is at its maximum of 280 μA. The effect of various salts on electrophoretic and electroosmotic mobility is discussed. Several examples are given of capillary electrophoresis under high-salt conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-Pyridylethylation of intact polyacrylamide gels and in situ digestion of electrophoretically separated proteins: A rapid mass spectrometric method for identifying cysteine-containing peptides (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 907-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Peptide mass fingerprinting ; Capillary liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In-gel proteolytic digestion of acrylamide-gel separated proteins is a method widely used for generating peptide fragments for the purpose of identifying proteins by Edman degratation, tandem mass spectrometry, and peptide-mass fingerprinting. However, it is well recognised for disulfide-bonded proteins electrophoresed under reducing conditions that if no precautions are taken to minimise disulfide bond formation during protein digestion or peptide isolation, complex peptide maps can result. Here, we describe an improved method for in-gel protein digestion. It consists of first reducing and S-pyridylethylating Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained proteins immobilised in the whole gel slab with dithiothreitol and 4-vinylpyridine, excising the individual stained and alkylated proteins, and then digesting them in situ in the gel matrix with trypsin or Achromobacter lyticus protease I. Peptide fragments generated in this manner are extracted from the gel piece and purified to homogeneity by a rapid (≤12 min) reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure, based upon conventional silica supports. Recoveries of peptides are increased by S-pyridylethylation of acrylamide-immbilised proteins prior to in-gel digestion. Further, the levels of gel-related contaminants, which otherwise result in suppression of sample signals during electrosprayionisation mass spectrometry, are greatly reduced by the reduction / alkylation step. Additionally, we demonstrate that S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)-cysteine containing peptides can be readily identified during reversed-phase HPLC by absorance at 254 nm, and during electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry by the appearance of a characteristic-pyridylethyl fragment ion of 106 Da. The position of cysteine residues in a sequence can be determined as phenylthiohydantoin S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)-cysteine during Edman degradation, and by tandem mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonreducing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of human colonic proteins (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1120-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Peptide mass fingerprinting ; Capillary liquid chromatography ; Human colonic proteins ; Immunoblot analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Immunochemical detection of proteins with antigenic determinants that are dependent on the native spatial conformation of the protein can often pose problems with conventional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). For example, many antigenic determinants are readily destroyed by reducing agents and/or urea, reagents which are critical components of many of the conventional isoelectric focusing and immobilized-pH-gradient (IPG) protocols used in the first electrophoretic dimension. Here we describe the use of commercially available precast 2-DE gels for performing nonreducing/non-urea 2-DE of proteins extracted from the human colon cancer cell line LIM 1215 with 0.3% Triton X-100 that permit the identification of antigens with conformational determinants by immunoblot analysis. Previous, related studies demonstrated the usefulness of peptide-mass fingerprinting for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins. Here we show how partial protein sequence data obtained by rapid peptide mapping, using capillary column liquid chromatography directly coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric methodologies, enhances the usefulness of this approach for identifying incompletely resolved proteins. The nonreducing 2-DE gel images reported in this study, along with our master 2-DE gel protein database for both normal human colonic crypts and several colon-cancer-derived cell lines, and information regarding microtechniques employed in this laboratory for obtaining structural data on 2-DE resolved proteins can be accessed over the Internet using World Wide Web (URL address: http://www.ludwig.edu.au).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601189
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of rat brain stathmin isoforms by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionizationion trap mass spectrometry (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 867-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight ; Peptide mapping ; Stathmin ; Phosphorylation sites ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stathmin is a regulatory phosphoprotein that is a target for both cell cycle and cell surface receptor-regulated phosphorylation events. There are at least 14 isoforms of stathmin that migrate on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE): two unphosphorylated, and 12 increasingly phosphorylated proteins. Following extracellular stimuli, stathmin is phosphorylated on four serines (Ser16, Ser25, Ser38, and Ser63) by several kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP), cdc2 kinase, protein kinase A, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-Gr. While all forms of stathmin are derived from the same protein encoded by a single mRNA, the precise nature of the post-translational modifications has not been clear. In this study we have characterized three rat brain stathmin isoforms, #1, #3 and #4, which electrophorese on 2-DE with apparent molecular weight (Mr)/isoelectric point (pI) values of 15 500/6.2, 15 000/6.1, and 15 000/6.0, respectively. The phosphorylation status of these isoforms was determined using a combination of peptide mapping, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and electrospray-ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Stathmin isoform #1 was not phosphorylated, stathmin isoform #3 was phosphorylated on Ser38 only, and stathmin isoform #4 was phosphorylated on Ser38; however, the phosphorylation status of Ser63 could not be determined. In addition, three proteins which electrophorese near stathmin were identified in order to more accurately define the Mr/pI locus of this region of the 2-DE gel map. These include: phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein (Mr∼18 000 /pI 6.0), synuclein forms 2 and 3 (Mr∼14 000 /pI 5.4), and synuclein form 2 (Mr∼15 000 /pI 5.0).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150190544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of separations of alkyl-substituted phenolate anions by capillary zone electrophoresis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Alkyl-substituted phenolate ions ; Optimization of resolution ; Buffer pH ; Acetonitrile concentration ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anions of alkylphenols have very similar electrophoretic mobilities in CZE owing to their very small differences in size and the narrow range of their pKa values. By studying electrophoretic mobility as a function both of pH and of the amount of acetonitrile in the electrolyte solution, optimum separation conditions were determined. It was possible to separate a group of methyl-substituted phenols, including several positional isomers. Mixtures containing n-propyl and isopropyl phenols and 1°, 2°, and 3° butylphenols could be resolved.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicalite as a stationary phase for HPLC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Molecular sieve ; Cis-trans isomers ; Phenols ; Selectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular sieve known as Silicalite was used as the column packing for HPLC. Silicalite contains channels (or cavities) approximately 6 Å in diameter but, unlike most other molecular sieves, Silicalite is hydrophobic. The retention times of methyl ketones and substituted phenols containing n-alkyl groups increase with increasing chain length of the substituent. However, phenols with very bulky substituents appear to be excluded from the Silicalite channels and elute very quickly. Excellent separations were obtained for a number of compounds with only slight differences in chemical structure. These include phenol isomers with a primary- or secondary alkyl group, position isomers of substituted phenols, and aliphatic cis-trans isomers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of native amino acids at low pH by capillary electrophoresis (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capilliary electrophoresis ; Alkanesulfonic acid ; Amino Acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amino Acids are cations at low PH and can be readily separated by capillarty electrophoresis provided an alkanesulfonic acid is added to the elecrolyte carrier. Formation of a Positive net charge on the bare fused-silica surface at low PH was confirmed by measurement of an anodic electroosmotic flow. The addition of ethanesulfonic acid or octanesulfonic acid to the electrolyte carrier causes a reversal of the EOF. A mechanism is proposed in which the alkanesulfonic acid adsorbs to the positively-charged capillary wall through electrostatci attraction. Adsorption of a second molecule of alkanesulfonate by hudrophobic attraction to the carbon chain forms a negatively-charge coating on the capillary wall. The alkanesuflfonate also imparts selectivety to the system by participation in ionpairing interactions with the native amino acids to improve resolution. The CE separation of a mixture of the twenty common amino acids at PH 2.8 with direct absorabance detection at 185 nm resulted in 17 amino acid peals in 20 minutes with a 30 KV applied voltage. The effect of several variables was studied including electrolyte carrieres containing different alkanesulfonic acids, the influence of PH, applied voltage, and concentration of electrolyte carrier.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240201206
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