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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (83)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (83)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 69-84 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: With the help of a novel test method, diffusion-coefficients of ammonia were determined in 22 transparent, filmforming polymers at room temperature. This method is based upon the UV-VIS-spectroscopically followable reversible reaction of ammonia with 4-nitro phenol to a Meisenheimer-complex.The dye-building reaction was studied and analyzed by a simple approximation of the diffusion equation. Diffusion coefficients obtained are in good agreement with the few available data in the literature.The dependence of the NH3-diffusion coefficients upon the polymer structure corresponds with the obtained diffusion coefficients, which are known for permanent gases.The described method allows the measurement of diffusion coefficients, which are distinguished up to three orders of magnitude, without any problem (ethylcellulose: 1,07 · 10-7 cm2 · s-1; poly(vinylalcohol): 0.9 · 10-10 cm2 · s-1).
    Notes: Mit Hilfe einer neuartigen Untersuchungsmethode wurden die Diffusionskoeffizienten von Ammoniak (NH3) in 22 transparenten filmbildenden Polymeren bei Raumtemperatur bestimmt. Die Methode beruht auf der UV-VIS-spektroskopisch verfolgbaren reversiblen Reaktion von Ammoniak mit 4-Nitrophenol zu einem 4-Nitrophenolat-Ammoniak-Meisenheimer-Komplex.Die Farbbildungsreaktion im Polymerfilm wurde untersucht und anhand einer einfachen Näherung der Diffusionsgleichung ausgewertet. Die erhaltenen Diffusionskoeffizienten stimmen sehr gut mit den wenigen verfügbaren Literaturwerten überein.Die Abhängigkeit der NH3-Diffusionskoeffizienten von der Polymerstruktur ist weitgehend der für permanente Gase bekannten analog.Die beschriebene Methode erlaubt problemlos, Diffusionskoeffizienten zu messen, die sich bis zu drei Größenordnungen unterscheiden (Ethylcellulose: 1,07 · 10-7 cm2 · s-1; Polyvinylalkohol: 0,9 · 10-10 cm2 · s-1).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 29 (1986), S. 793-797 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report local-density functional results for the electronic structure of neutral soliton defects in polyacetylene. The results were obtained using a modified version of the discrete variational method Xα molecular cluster model. For defect-free chains the calculated X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra are in good agreement with experiment. For chains with low concentrations of solitons, we find the forbidden gap broadens slightly, and two nearly dispersionless bands, split by several tenths of eV, are introduced into the gap. The predicted splitting is in accord with recent experimental results for this defect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: acrosome reaction ; fertilization ; lipoproteins ; lipids ; albumin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nature of cholesterol-binding proteins acting upon human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation was determined by measuring the efflux of [3H]cholesterol and of [3H]cholesteryl sulfate from labeled spermatozoa. Efflux of [3H]sterols was stimulated when the labeled gametes were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with female serum or follicular fluid. Upon centrifugation of capacitated spermatozoa and application of the supernatant to density-gradient ultracentrifugation for lipoprotein analysis, both [3H]cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl sulfate were found to be carried by very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as the albumin fraction (d 〉 1.21) in serum. When the capacitation medium was supplemented with follicular fluid, the [3H]sterols were bound to HDL's and to the albumin fraction; when the latter fraction was analysed by molecular sieve chromatography, 60-70% of the radioactivity eluted in fractions with a mean molecular weight corresponding to that of human serum albumin. Sperm cholesterol efflux was also stimulated when serum or follicular fluid was added to a simplified medium (50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.56% NaCl, pH 7.8); efflux of [3H]cholesterol from labeled gametes progressed in a time-dependent manner, but was low in the absence of serum components. The [3H]cholesterol/cholesterol ratios were higher in the albumin and HDL fractions, indicating some degree of specificity of these sterol acceptors. It was observed that follicular fluid albumin has a [3H]sterol binding capacity that is 2 - 3-fold higher than that of serum albumin. Commercial human serum albumin also promoted sperm cholesterol efflux. These results provide new information concerning those components of follicular fluid which may play a role in human sperm capacitation and provide further support for the concept that loss of cholesterol from the sperm plasma membrane is an important component of the capacitation process.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (+)-11,11′-Di-O-methylelaiophyliden - Herstellung aus Elaiophylin und Totalsynthese aus (R)-3-Hydroxybuttersäure- und (S)-ÄpfelsäureesterDas Makrodiolid-Antibiotikum Elaiophylin (6, Schema 1) kann durch säurekatalysierte Abspaltung der Desoxyfucose-Einheiten in Methanol unter gleichzeitiger Substitution der C-11- und C-11′-Lactol-OH-Gruppen durch OCH3 in das Aglycon 8a umgewandelt werden. Dieses Di-O-methylelaiophyliden genannte C2-symmetrische Makrodiolid 8a enthält 2 × 11 stereogene Einheiten, von denen in der hier beschriebenen Totalsynthese zwei aus (R)-3-Hydroxybuttersäure (aus dem Biopolymer PHB) und (S)-Äpfelsäure stammen, während die anderen durch diastereoselektive Reaktionsschritte erzeugt werden. Die zwei Schlüsselprodukte der konvergenten Synthese (Schema 2) sind der makrocyclische Dialdehyd 10 (vgl. 26, 27; 2 × 5 stereogene Einheiten) und das silylgeschützte Dihydroxyketonderivat 11 (vgl. 34, 35; 3 stereogene Einheiten). Aldoladdition des Z-Bor-Enolates des Ketons an den Dialdehyd erfolgte - beinahe statistisch - mit relativer Topizität ul und lieferte zwei C2-symmetrische und ein unsymmetrisches Diaddukt (40a, b, c), von denen eines bei der säurekatalysierten Methanolyse das Aglycon 8a lieferte (Abb. 1 und 2 zeigen die NMR-Spektren). Die diastereoselektiven Schlüsselschritte, mit denen drei der sechs neuen asymmetrischen Kohlenstoffatome erzeugt wurden, sind α-Alkylierungen von β-Hydroxyester oder-lacton-Alkoholat-Enolaten (Äpfelsäure → 12 und 15 → 16 bei der Dialdehydsynthese sowie Hydroxybuttersäure → 29 bei der Herstellung des Ketons).
    Notes: The macrodiolide antibiotic elaiophylin (6, Scheme 1) is converted into an aglycone 8a by acid-catalysed cleavage of the deoxyfucoses in methanol, with replacement of two lactol OH-groups by OCH3 (C-11 and C-11′). The di-O-methylelaiophylidene (8a), a C2-symmetrical macrodiolide with 2 × 11 stereogenic units, was synthesised from (R)-3-hydroxy-butanoate (from the biopolymer PHB) and (S)-malic ester, using diastereoselective steps for the generation of the other stereogenic units. The key intermediates (Scheme 2) are the macrocyclic dialdehyde 10 (cf. 26, 27; 2 × 5 stereogenic units) and the silyl-protected dihydroxy ketone derivative 11 (cf. 34, 35; 3 stereogenic units). These two intermediates almost statistically were subjected to aldol coupling with relative topicity ul, using the Z-boron enolate of the ketone, to give the two C2-symmetrical and the asymmetric aldol (40a, b, c), one of which furnished the aglycone 8a upon acid-catalysed methanolysis (Fig. 1 and 2, NMR spectra). The diastereoselective key steps, by which three of the six new asymmetric carbon atoms are created, are α-alkylations of β-hydroxy ester or lactone alkoxide-enolates (malic acid → 12 and 15 → 16 in the dialdehyde synthesis, hydroxybutanoic acid → 29 in the ketone preparation).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 6 (1986), S. 641-657 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It is well known that explicit methods are subject to a restriction on the time step. This restriction is a drawback if the variation of the solution in time is so small that accuracy considerations would allow a larger time step. In this case, implicit methods are more appropriate because they do allow large time steps. However, in general, they require more storage and are more difficult to implement than explicit methods. In this paper we propose a technique by which it is possible to stabilize explicit methods for quasi-linear hyperbolic equations. The stabilization turns out to be so effective that explicit methods become a good alternative to unconditionally stable implicit methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Herstellung von (2E,4E,6S,7S,10E,12E,14S,15S,1′S)-7,15-Bis(1′-hydroxymethylethyl)-6,14-dimethyl-8,16-dioxa-2,4,10,12-cyclohexadecatetraen-1,9-dion. - Ein Baustein für die Synthese von ElaiophylinDie Titelverbindung 2 wird als Schlüsselprodukt für die Synthese des Antibiotikums Elaiophylin (1) erachtet. Sie wurde durch dimerisierende Cyclisierung der Hydroxysäuren 18 und 27 nach der Methode von Yamaguchi erhalten. Die Säuren 18 und 27 wurden durch Wittig-Reaktion des (Phosphoranyliden)crotonats 14 mit den geschützten 3,5-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanalen 12 bzw. 23 hergestellt. Letztere wurden über eine diastereoselektive Evans-Aldolisierung zwischen (S)-3-Benzyloxy-2-methylpropanal (4) und (R)-4-Isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinon erhalten.
    Notes: The title compound 2, which is considered to be a possible key intermediate for a synthesis of the antibiotic elaiophylin (1), has been obtained by cyclodimerisation of the hydroxy acids 18 and 27 using Yamaguchi's method. The hydroxy acids 18 and 27 are synthesised by Wittig reaction of the (phosphoranylidene)crotonate 14 with the protected 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanals 12 and 23, respectively. These are constructed, in turn, by diastereoselective Evans aldol reaction between (S)-3-benzyloxy-2-methylpropanal (4) and (R)-4-isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidionne.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 8 (1988), S. 130-132 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 508-510 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Trimesityl vanadium initiates the polymerization of butadiene, whereby the butadiene can be a component of an isobutene-free C4-hydrocarbon mixture. At this reaction a change of the valency of vanadium takes place which is expressed by the appearance of ESR signals. The change of valency shows that no insertion of butadiene into a V— bond takes place. A mechanism for the initiation is proposed.
    Notes: Trimesitylvanadium initiiert die Polymerisation von Butadien, wobei das Butadien auch in isobutenfreien C4-Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen enthalten sein kann. Dabei vollzieht sich ein Wechsel der Oxidationsstufe des Vanadiums, was im Auftreten von ESR-Signalen zum Ausdruck kommt. Der Wertigkeitswechsel zeigt, daß keine Insertion des Butadiens in eine V—C-Bindung erfolgt. Ein Mechanismus der Initiierung wird vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2821-2836 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The physical properties of a new class of ionomers comprising a semirigid polyphenylene ether backbone were investigated. The material was studied principally in the form of films of ca. 150 μm micrometers in thickness. The study focused on material of 600 equivalent weight. Torsion pendulum results showed a significant increase in the glass transition temperature of the ionomer relative to that of its ester precursor but gave no evidence of ionic clustering. Stress-strain studies performed both in water and in 20% KOH solution at 80°C indicated that the mechanical properties of the material remain stable under these conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate both the high temperature behavior and the water uptake of the ionomer films. The behavior of this ionomer at high temperature and in an alkaline solution is of particular interest in view of the possible use of these films as separators in an alkaline electrolysis cell.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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