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  • 1
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    Late Quaternary loess deposition in the southern Chaiwopu Basin of the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland and its palaeoclimatic implications (2015)
    Wiley
    In: Boreas
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: The piedmont aeolian sediment in Central Asia is has been widely used for Quaternary palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here we present detailed sedimentological and rock magnetic investigations on 188 samples from the ~9.4-m-thick Urumqi River section (URS) in the southern Chaiwopu Basin of the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating constrains the time-span of the URS loess sedimentation from c.  28 to c.  6.8 ka. This chronology implies that the onset of the URS loess sedimentation is approximately synchronous with the Shangwangfeng Glaciation (MIS 2) in the headwaters of the Urumqi River. Analyses of sediment grain size and rock magnetic parameters indicate that sediment grain-size composition controls magnetic properties of the URS loess, i.e. the wind intensity model, distinct from the pedogenic model interpreting the variations in magnetic properties of the loess in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Overall, the variations in sediment grain size and magnetic properties throughout the URS indicate that the present study area was dominated by a climate of strengthened wind associated with gradually intensified aridity during the latest Pleistocene. In contrast, the intensity of aridity and coldness during the early Holocene gradually became relatively weakened.
    Print ISSN: 0300-9483
    Electronic ISSN: 1502-3885
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Fabrication, Microstructure, and Luminescent Properties of Ce3+ -Doped Lu3Al5O12 (Ce:LuAG) Transparent Ceramics by Low-Temperature Vacuum Sintering (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-01
    Description: The fabrication of 0.5 mol% Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics starting from synthetic nanosized Ce:LuAG powders was investigated by low temperature vacuum sintering. It was found that high quality optical Ce:LuAG ceramics could be densified successfully by vacuum sintering (〈10 –3 pa) at 1750°C for 10 h. The in-line optical transmittance of as-sintered Ce:LuAG ceramics with thickness of 0.7 mm could reach 73.48% at the wavelength of 550 nm. The microstructure observations revealed that transparent Ce:LuAG ceramics were composed of uniform LuAG grains with average size of 9 μm and HRTEM morphology indicated that no impurity segregation existed at grain boundaries or within Ce:LuAG grains. It was also demonstrated that the annealing treatment (at 1450°C for 20 h in air) could greatly enhance the luminescent intensity of as-sintered Ce:LuAG ceramics under excitation of X-ray radiation (75 kV, 25 mA), which makes it a potential candidate to be applied in radiation detector.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Enhanced Thermostability, Thermo-Optics, and Thermomechanical Properties of Barium Gallo-Germanium Oxyfluoride Glasses and Glass-Ceramics (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: Serial substitutions of BaF 2 for BaO in BaO – Ga 2 O 3 – GeO 2 glasses were performed, and the effects of the substitutions on the glass properties were investigated. The glass transition temperature, density, refractive index, thermo-optics coefficient, and figure of merit for thermal shock decreased with the replacement of oxygen by fluorine. On the other hand, the glass-forming ability increased. Fluorine substitution removed the absorption band of hydroxyl near 2.9 μm. Raman scattering spectroscopy was used to characterize the fluorogermanate glasses. The crystallization process of the glass-ceramics under different heat-treatment conditions was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties were improved by controlling the crystal size of the near- and middle-infrared transparent glass-ceramics.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    RGS3 inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signalling in adventitial fibroblasts (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-29
    Description: Recent evidence suggests that adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are crucially implicated in atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which AFs are dysfunctional and contribute to atherosclerosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of regulator of G-protein signalling 3 (RGS3) in the regulation of AFs using apoE knockout mouse as the model. Pathological changes in aortic arteries of apoE knockout mice fed with hyperlipid diet were examined by Movat staining. The expression of RGS3, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 in the adventitia was detected by immunohistochemistry. Adventitial fibroblasts were isolated from aortic arteries of apoE knockout mice and infected with RGS3 overexpression lentivirus or empty lentivirus. The expression of RGS3, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 in AFs was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We found that hyperlipidic diet caused significant aortic intima thickening and atherosclerotic plaques in 15-week-old apoE knockout mice. Compared to wild-type mice, RGS3 expression was lower while α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 expression was higher in the adventitia of apoE knockout mice. In addition, lentivirus mediated overexpression of RGS3 caused decreased expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 in AFs derived from apoE(−/−) mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that RGS3 may provide protection against pathological changes of AFs and the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signalling. RGS3 may be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
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    MicroRNA-141-3p targets DAPK1 and inhibits apoptosis in rat ovarian granulosa cells (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disorder. MicroRNAs negatively regulate the expression of target genes at posttranscriptional level by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of target genes. Our previous study showed that miR-141-3p was dramatically decreased in the ovaries of rat PCOS models. In this study, we aimed to characterize the target of miR-141-3p in rat ovarian granulosa cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay showed that cell viability was dramatically increased when miR-141-3p was overexpressed but was decreased when miR-141-3p was interfered. Flow cytometry showed that cell apoptotic rate was dramatically decreased when miR-141-3p was overexpressed but was increased when miR-141-3p was interfered. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) might be the target gene of miR-141-3p because the 3′ untranslated region of DAPK1 contains sequences complementary to microRNA-141-3p. Transfection with miR-141-3p mimics and inhibitor into granulosa cells showed that both DAPK1 mRNA and protein levels were negatively correlated with miR-141-3p level. Dual-luciferase reporter assay established that DAPK1 was the target of miR-141-3p. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-141-3p may inhibit ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis via targeting DAPK1 and is involved in the etiology of PCOS.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
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    Fabrication of SiC/diamond composite coatings by electrophoretic deposition and chemical vapor deposition (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-16
    Description: In this research, SiC/diamond composite coatings were fabricated by a novel procedure that consisted of the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of diamond particles onto graphite substrates followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC. Various concentrations of MgCl 2 were employed to increase the deposition rate and uniformity of the deposits during the EPD process by giving a positive charge to diamond particles. The CVD of SiC was found to have a tightly connected diamond-graphite interface and spherical texture. With higher weight fraction of diamond particles deposits, the wear of steel ball increased, while the wear of SiC coating decreased.
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    The protective effects of puerarin in cardiomyocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation injury are mediated by PKCϵ (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-05
    Description: Puerarin is an isoflavone isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Ge-gen (Radix Puerariae). Clinical studies have confirmed the cardioprotective effects of puerarin; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. On the basis of previous findings, we hypothesized that puerarin protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia–reperfusion injury via the protein kinase C epsilon (PKCϵ) (a critical cardioprotective protein) signalling pathway. Neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes were preconditioned with puerarin or puerarin plus ϵV1-2, a selective PKCϵ inhibitor, prior to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) treatment. Western blot analysis showed that expression and activity of PKCϵ protein in puerarin preconditioned group were both increased compared with the control or A/R group. Subsequent assays showed that preconditioning with puerarin could increase the viability of neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes treated with A/R, decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell necrosis and apoptosis induced by A/R injury. However, the protective effects of puerarin completely disappeared in the group pretreated with puerarin plus ϵV1-2. Thus, for the first time, we revealed the protective effects of puerarin in cardiomocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation injury are mediated by PKCϵ. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
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    Gp91phoxcontributes to the development of experimental inflammatory bowel disease (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-15
    Print ISSN: 0818-9641
    Electronic ISSN: 1440-1711
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 9
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    Directional Absorption of Parameterized Mountain Waves and Its Influence on the Wave Momentum Transport in the Northern Hemisphere (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
    Description: The directional absorption of mountain waves in the Northern Hemisphere is assessed by examination of horizontal wind rotation using the 2.5°×2.5° European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis between 2011-2016. In the deep layer of troposphere and stratosphere, the horizontal wind rotates by more than 120 degrees all over the Northern Hemisphere primary mountainous areas, with the rotation mainly occurred in the troposphere (stratosphere) of lower (middle to high) latitudes. The rotation of tropospheric wind increases markedly in summer over the Tibetan Plateau and Iranian Plateau, due to the influence of Asian summer monsoonal circulation. The influence of directional absorption of mountain waves on the mountain wave momentum transport is also studied using a new parameterization scheme of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) which accounts for the effect of directional wind shear. Owing to the directional absorption, the wave momentum flux is attenuated by more than 50% in the troposphere of lower latitudes, producing considerable orographic gravity wave lift (OGWL) which is normal to the mean wind. Compared with the OGWD produced in traditional schemes assuming a unidirectional wind profile, the OGWD in the new scheme is suppressed in the lower stratosphere but enhanced in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. This is because the directional absorption of mountain waves in the troposphere reduces the wave amplitude in the stratosphere. Consequently, mountain waves are prone to break at higher altitudes, which favors the production of stronger OGWD given the decrease of air density with height.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Activation of Toll like receptor 3 induces spermatogonial stem cell apoptosis (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: Germ cell apoptosis may be associated with the male infertility. The pathogenesis is to be further understood. Viral infection is one of the causative factors of apoptosis of the body cells. This study aims to investigate the role of activation of Toll like receptor (TLR)3 in the induction of germ cell apoptosis. In this study, spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) were isolated from C57BL/6 mouse testes. The expression of TLR3 on SSC was by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) was employed to activate TLR3 on SSCs. The results showed that re-activation by PolyI:C induced SSC apoptosis. Exposure to PolyI:C induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation in SSCs. TLR3 and IRF3 formed a complex in the SSCs. The complex of TLR3/IRF3 bound to the promoter of Fas ligand and promoted Fas ligand expression in SSC, and thus induced SSC apoptosis. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that activation of TLR3 by PolyI:C induces the SSC apoptosis, which implies that viral infection may interfere with the male germ cell development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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