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  • 1
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    A Universal Dynamic Threshold Cloud Detection Algorithm (UDTCDA) supported by a prior surface reflectance database (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Conventional cloud detection methods are easily affected by mixed pixels, complex surface structures and atmospheric factors, resulting in poor cloud detection results. To minimize these problems, a new Universal Dynamic Threshold Cloud Detection Algorithm (UDTCDA) supported by a priori surface reflectance database is proposed in this paper. A monthly surface reflectance database is constructed using long-time-sequenced MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) surface reflectance product (MOD09A1) to provide the surface reflectance of the underlying surfaces. The relationships between the apparent reflectance changes and the surface reflectance are simulated under different observation and atmospheric conditions with the 6S (Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) model, and the dynamic threshold cloud detection models are developed. Two typical remote sensing data with important application significance and different sensor parameters, MODIS and Landsat 8, are selected for cloud detection experiments. The results were validated against the visual interpretation of clouds and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) cloud measurements. The results showed that the UDTCDA can obtain a high precision in cloud detection, correctly identifying cloudy pixels (CR) and clear sky pixels (SR) at rates greater than 80% with Error Rate (ER) and Missing Rate (MR) of less than 20%. The UDTCDA cloud product overall shows less estimation uncertainty than the current MODIS cloud mask products. Moreover, the UDTCDA can effectively reduce the effects of atmospheric factors and mixed pixels and can be applied to different satellite sensors to realize long-term, large-scale cloud detection operations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Efficient additives to improve the catalytic effects of ferric(III) chloride on the reaction of N-vinylcarbazole: hydroquinone for methanolysis, hydrogen peroxide for cyclobutanation respectively (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Hydroquinone combined with FeCl 3 can reduce the methanolysis time of N -vinylcarbazole in CH 3 OH from 9 h to 1 h, but the addition of hydroquinone to Fe(NO 3 ) 3 will slow the methanolysis and quench the cyclobutanation process. The addition of H 2 O 2 successfully made the FeCl 3 catalytic cyclobutanization of N -vinylcarbazole in the yield from zero up to 33%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Hydroquinone(HQ) combined with FeCl 3 can reduce the methanolysis time of N -vinylcarbazole(NVC) in CH 3 OH from 9 hours to 1 hour, the addition of H 2 O 2 successfully made the FeCl 3 catalytic cyclobutanization of NVC in the yield from zero up to 33%.
    Print ISSN: 0894-3230
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1395
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Protein phosphatases 2A as well as reactive oxygen species involved in tributyltin-induced apoptosis in mouse livers (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, has been shown to induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human amniotic cells through protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition and consequent JNK activation. This in vivo study was undertaken to further verify the results derived from our previous in vitro study. Mice were orally dosed with 0, 10, 20, and 60 mg/kg of body weight TBT, and levels of PP2A, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were detected in the mouse livers. Apoptosis was also evaluated using the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PP2A activity was inhibited, ROS levels were elevated, and MAPKs including ERK, JNK, and p38 were activated in mouse livers treated with the highest dose of TBT. Additionally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased, caspase-3 was activated, and apoptosis in mouse livers could be detected in the highest dose group. Therefore, a possible signaling pathway in TBT-induced apoptosis in mouse livers involves PP2A inhibition and ROS elevation serving a pivotal function as upstream activators of MAPKs; activation of MAPKs in turn leads to an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, ultimately leading to the activation of caspase-3. The results give a comprehensive and novel description of the mechanism of TBT-induced toxicity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 4
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    Efficient additives to improve the catalytic effects of ferric(III) chloride on the reaction of N-vinylcarbazole: hydroquinone for methanolysis, hydrogen peroxide for cyclobutanation respectively (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-27
    Description: Hydroquinone combined with FeCl 3 can reduce the methanolysis time of N -vinylcarbazole in CH 3 OH from 9 h to 1 h, but the addition of hydroquinone to Fe(NO 3 ) 3 will slow the methanolysis and quench the cyclobutanation process. The addition of H 2 O 2 successfully made the FeCl 3 catalytic cyclobutanization of N -vinylcarbazole in the yield from zero up to 33%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Hydroquinone(HQ) combined with FeCl 3 can reduce the methanolysis time of N -vinylcarbazole(NVC) in CH 3 OH from 9 hours to 1 hour, the addition of H 2 O 2 successfully made the FeCl 3 catalytic cyclobutanization of NVC in the yield from zero up to 33%.
    Print ISSN: 0894-3230
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1395
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    A novel autofocusing method using the angle of hilbert space for microscopy (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: ABSTRACT Autofocusing technology is indispensable for routine use of microscopes on a large scale in biological field. The autofocusing method using the angle of Hilbert space is brought forward to measure whether the image is focused or not. The angle of Hillbert space can be used to evaluate accurately the similarity degree of two images. The experiment results show that the autofocusing method can decrease the computational cost and get accuracy for real-time biological and biomedical images with noise robustness. The focus curves are smooth and possess the unimodality, the monotonicity and the symmetry. Compared with other classic and optimum focus method, the Hilbert method demonstrates its robustness to noise and can improve the focus speed. The experiments showed that the proposed method can increase the overall performance of an autofocus system and has strong applicability in various autofocusing algorithms. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Protein phosphatases 2A as well as reactive oxygen species involved in tributyltin-induced apoptosis in mouse livers (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-07
    Description: Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, has been shown to induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human amniotic cells through protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition and consequent JNK activation. This in vivo study was undertaken to further verify the results derived from our previous in vitro study. Mice were orally dosed with 0, 10, 20, and 60 mg/kg of body weight TBT, and levels of PP2A, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were detected in the mouse livers. Apoptosis was also evaluated using the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PP2A activity was inhibited, ROS levels were elevated, and MAPKs including ERK, JNK, and p38 were activated in mouse livers treated with the highest dose of TBT. Additionally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased, caspase-3 was activated, and apoptosis in mouse livers could be detected in the highest dose group. Therefore, a possible signaling pathway in TBT-induced apoptosis in mouse livers involves PP2A inhibition and ROS elevation serving a pivotal function as upstream activators of MAPKs; activation of MAPKs in turn leads to an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, ultimately leading to the activation of caspase-3. The results give a comprehensive and novel description of the mechanism of TBT-induced toxicity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Polarization Structures of Topological Domains in Multiferroic Hexagonal Manganites (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-03
    Description: Topologically protected domains, composed of mutually coupled ferroelectric, (anti)ferromagnetic, and antiphase domains, are widespread in hexagonal manganites. We have applied the extended Howie-Whelan equations in hexagonal systems and simulated the electron-diffraction intensities of four kinds of representative hexagonal manganites. Thereby, the polarization directions of domains and charging status of domain walls can be easily determined by electron-diffraction contrast method, which is succinct and reliable. Here, we present a systematic investigation about the polarization structures and pave the way for further study about the properties of domains by transmission electron microscopy. Besides, the dynamic behavior of domains merely under transmission electron beam irradiation was firstly shown as well.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBLE AND MEMBRANE-BOUND TREHALASES IN THE COTTON MIRID BUG, Apolygus lucorum (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-17
    Description: Trehalose, a major hemolymph sugar in insects, is hydrolyzed by trehalase. We identified a soluble and a membrane-bound form of trehalase and isolated the corresponding mRNA, ALTre-1, and ALTre-2 in the cotton mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum . The deduced amino acid sequences of ALTre-1 and ALTre-2 revealed mature proteins with 643 and 617 amino acids, respectively. ALTre-1 and ALTre-2 contained trehalase signature motifs, and ALTre-2 contained a putative transmembrane domain near the C-terminus, suggesting that ALTre-1 and ALTre-2 encoded a soluble trehalase and a membrane-bound trehalase, respectively. Comparison of trehalase activity at different developmental stages and in six tissues indicated that soluble trehalase activity accounted for the majority of total trehalase activity in A. lucorum. ALTre-1 and ALTre-2 were expressed in all tissues and stages, with the highest expression of both in the second instar nymphs, ALTre-1 in the ovary and malpighian tubules, ALTre-2 in the flight muscles and fat body. Following the exposure of second instar nymph to 20-E, the soluble trehalase activity increased gradually while the membrane-bound trehalase activity remained at its initial level. Similarly, 20-E upregulated ALTre-1 expression but had no effect on ALTre-2 expression. These results suggest that an increase of this soluble trehalase activity was upregulated by ALTre-1 gene.
    Print ISSN: 0739-4462
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6327
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Comparison of P-wave attenuation models of wave-induced flow (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: ABSTRACT Wave-induced oscillatory fluid flow in the vicinity of inclusions embedded in porous rocks is one of the main causes for P -wave dispersion and attenuation at seismic frequencies. Hence, the P -wave velocity depends on wave frequency, porosity, saturation, and other rock parameters. Several analytical models quantify this wave-induced flow attenuation and result in characteristic velocity–saturation relations. Here, we compare some of these models by analyzing their low- and high-frequency asymptotic behaviours and by applying them to measured velocity–saturation relations. Specifically, the Biot–Rayleigh model considering spherical inclusions embedded in an isotropic rock matrix is compared with White's and Johnson's models of patchy saturation. The modeling of laboratory data for tight sandstone and limestone indicates that, by selecting appropriate inclusion size, the Biot-Rayleigh predictions are close to the measured values, particularly for intermediate and high water saturations.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2478
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Down-regulated CFTR during aging contributes to benign prostatic hyperplasia (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-25
    Description: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a hyper-proliferative disease of the aging prostate; however, the exact mechanism underlying the development of BPH remains incompletely understood. The present study investigated the possible involvement of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which has been previously shown to negatively regulate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, in the pathogenesis of BPH. Our results showed decreasing CFTR and increasing COX2 expression in rat prostate tissues with aging. Furthermore, suppression of CFTR led to increased expression of COX2 and over-production of PGE2 in a normal human prostate epithelial cell line (PNT1A) with elevated NF-κB activity. PGE2 stimulated the proliferation of primary rat prostate stromal cells but not epithelial cells, with increased PCNA expression. In addition, the condition medium from PNT1A cells after inhibition or knockdown of CFTR promoted cell proliferation of prostate stromal cells which could be reversed by COX2 or NF-κB inhibitor. More importantly, the involvement of CFTR in BPH was further demonstrated by the down-regulation of CFTR and up-regulation of COX2/NF-κB in human BPH samples. The present results suggest that CFTR may be involved in regulating PGE2 production through its negative regulation on NF-κB/COX2 pathway in prostate epithelial cells, which consequently stimulates cell growth of prostate stromal cells. The overstimulation of prostate stromal cell proliferation by downregulation of CFTR-enhanced PGE2 production and release during aging may contribute to the development of BPH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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