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  • 1
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    Forage Yield and Quality of Oat Cultivars with Increasing Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization (1990)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    On‐the‐Go Sensor Fusion for Prediction of Clay and Organic Carbon Using Pre‐processing Survey, Different Validation Methods, and Variable Selection (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    Alkali Activation of AOD Stainless Steel Slag Under Steam Curing Conditions (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: Crystalline argon oxygen decarburization slag, in powdery form, was investigated for its hydration potential by alkali activation and curing at 80°C. Na-silicate and K-silicate of the same modulus were used as activators. Isothermal calorimetry at 80°C indicated exothermic reactions in the slag pastes. When the slag mortars were cured under steam at 80°C appreciable gain in compressive strength was measured. This was attributed to C–S–H which was detected in TG, FTIR, and 29 Si NMR analyses. Upon hydration at 90 d, the amount of crystalline phases decreased, whereas the XRD amorphous content in the slag increased. Electron microscopy showed the formation of different morphologies of reaction products depending on the alkaline activator employed. Presence of reaction rims around the crystalline phases with a major presence of Ca, Si, and O in the reacted matrix was observed in elemental maps.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Construction Materials from Stainless Steel Slags: Technical Aspects, Environmental Benefits, and Economic Opportunities (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: State-of-the-art technologies that implement theindustrial ecology concept only make it to the market if environmental gains and economic benefits are significant. Therefore, the article investigates, in an interdisciplinary way, two innovative technologies that valorize stainless steel (SS) slags as block masonry (bricks): carbonation and thermo-alkali-activation. The technical, environmental, and economic features of three SS bricks—solid bricks, perforated bricks, and lightweight aerated blocks—are compared to commercially available construction materials. Although the produced bricks meet industrial standards, technical challenges, such as optimization of alkali addition and use of metal molds, should be dealt with before upscaling to industrial production. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment that aggregates the results of the various impact categories shows that the environmental impact of solid and perforated SS bricks is lower than the impact of conventional clay-baked bricks owing to the avoidance of additives for slag stabilization and energy consumption for sintering clay. The impact of aerated SS bricks was found to be similar to the commercially available aerated blocks. More specifically, the carbon dioxide uptake from carbonation reduces the overall environmental impact, whereas use of alkalis increases the impact. A strengths weaknesses opportunity threats analysis highlights the economic advantages of SS bricks originating from lower energy requirements, reduced dependence on primary resources, and improved metal recovery from slag. However, in order to apply the innovative technologies at industrial scale, challenges related to processing conditions, feedstock variability, and potential competition from existing brick suppliers have to be overcome.
    Print ISSN: 1088-1980
    Electronic ISSN: 1530-9290
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 5
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    Characteristics of climate variation indices in Iraq using a statistical factor analysis (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: ABSTRACT For over three decades, Iraq has suffered from climate variability and desertification. Rainfall rates have decreased with abnormal high-temperature degrees, recurrence of dust storms has been increasing and many agricultural areas have turned into barren land. In this article, to study these climatic variations and detect important climate indices in Iraq, ten indices (total rainfall, average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, number of days of dust rising, number of days of dust storm, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure at sea surface level, total evaporation and wind speed) were investigated at 24 meteorological stations in Iraq for 30 years. January in winter, July in summer and annual rates of climate indices were analysed through a factor analysis method. As a result, total rainfall, minimum, maximum and average temperature were found as the strongest indices of the two seasons in Iraq. However, in the annual rates, the total rainfall indicator ranked last in the second component of the factor analysis. The contour lines for the factors of rainfall and maximum temperature offered a clear guide to patterns of the characteristics in winter, summer and annual rates. The northern regions were characterized by high values of rainfall in winter in comparison to the central and southern parts of Iraq. However, high temperatures were found in Baghdad and the southern regions in summer, which showed more than 45 °C.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Bubble Splitting in a Pseudo-2D Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed for Geldart B-Type Particles (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Bubble splitting in 2D gas-solid freely bubbling fluidized beds is experimentally investigated using digital image analysis. The quantitative results can be applied for the development of a new breakage model for bubbly fluidized beds, especially discrete bubble models. The variation of splitting frequency with bubble diameter, new resulting bubble volumes, positions, and also the assumptions of mass and momentum conservation for bubbles after breakage are studied in detail. Small bubbles are found to be more stable than large ones and nearly all mother bubbles split into two almost equally sized daughter bubbles. The momentum of gas bubbles in the vertical direction remains approximately constant after breakage, whereas that of bubbles in the horizontal direction changes with no clear trend. The effect of fluidizing gas velocity in breakage frequency is also examined. The behavior of gas bubbles plays a key role in heat- and mass-transfer operations in fluidized beds. Bubble splitting for Geldart B-type particles under varying conditions was investigated in a pseudo-2D gas-solid fluidized bed by digital image analysis. The quantitative results can facilitate the development of new breakage models for bubbly fluidized beds and are particularly relevant for discrete bubble modeling.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 7
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    Cytotoxic response of platinum-coated gold nanorods in human breast cancer cells at very low exposure levels (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: ABSTRACT Because of unique optical behavior gold nanorods (GNRs) have attracted attention for the application in biomedical field such as bio-sensing, bio-imaging and hyperthermia. However, toxicological response of GNRs is controversial due to their different surface coating. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge about toxicological profile of GNRs is necessary before their biomedical applications. First time, we investigated the toxic response of GNRs coated with platinum (GNRs-Pt) in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Platinum coating further improves the optical and catalytic properties of GNRs. Assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) and lactate dehydroganase (LDH) assays have shown that GNRs-Pt induced cytotoxicity at very low exposure levels (0.1–0.8 μg mL −1 ). Accumulation of cells in SubG1 phase and low mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 probe) in treated cells suggest that GNRs-Pt induced cell death via apoptotic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR data demonstrated that mRNA expression of apoptotic genes (bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were up-regulated while anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was down-regulated in cells exposed to GNRs-Pt. We further observed the higher activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymes in GNRs-Pt treated cells supporting mRNA data. Moreover, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the ROS generation and cytotoxicity induced by GNRs-Pt in MCF-7 cells suggesting that ROS might plays a crucial role in GNRs-Pt induced toxicity. This study warns of possible toxicity of GNRs even at very low exposure levels. Further investigations needed to explore potential mechanisms of this low dose toxicity phenomenon. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 8
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    The Effects of Restitution and Specularity Coefficients on the Solid-liquid Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: An Eulerian-Eulerian two fluid model in combination with the kinetic theory of granular flow is used to simulate a solid-liquid fluidized bed filled with stainless steel particles. A set of experiments have been conducted in a solid-liquid fluidized bed and it has been shown that the drag model of Gidaspow used in CFD simulations is the appropriate model for predicting the bed hydrodynamics. At the next stage, the effect of particle’s restitution coefficient on the bed hydrodynamics was investigated numerically and it has been shown that the best results obtained at e=0.9. For the solid phase wall boundary condition according to Johnson and Jackson a specularity coefficient introduced and evaluated. The results showed that the change in specularity coefficient does not affect considerably the bed behavior at the middle part but at the walls it has a considerable effect on granular temperature. Moreover, it has been shown that for specularity coefficients more than 0.5 the results do not change noticeably.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
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    Fish species classification in unconstrained underwater environments based on deep learning (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: Underwater video and digital still cameras are rapidly being adopted by marine scientists and managers as a tool for non-destructively quantifying and measuring the relative abundance, cover and size of marine fauna and flora. Imagery recorded of fish can be time consuming and costly to process and analyze manually. For this reason, there is great interest in automatic classification, counting, and measurement of fish. Unconstrained underwater scenes are highly variable due to changes in light intensity, changes in fish orientation due to movement, a variety of background habitats which sometimes also move, and most importantly similarity in shape and patterns among fish of different species. This poses a great challenge for image/video processing techniques to accurately differentiate between classes or species of fish to perform automatic classification. We present a machine learning approach, which is suitable for solving this challenge. We demonstrate the use of a convolution neural network model in a hierarchical feature combination setup to learn species-dependent visual features of fish that are unique, yet abstract and robust against environmental and intra-and inter-species variability. This approach avoids the need for explicitly extracting features from raw images of the fish using several fragmented image processing techniques. As a result, we achieve a single and generic trained architecture with favorable performance even for sample images of fish species that have not been used in training. Using the LifeCLEF14 and LifeCLEF15 benchmark fish datasets, we have demonstrated results with a correct classification rate of more than 90%.
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5856
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 10
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    Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by nanoscale talc particles from two different geographical regions in human lung epithelial cells (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: We have characterized the physicochemical properties of nanotalc particles from two different geographical regions and examined their toxicity mechanisms in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Indigenous nanotalc (IN) of Indian origin and commercial nanotalc (CN) of American origin were used in this study. Physicochemical properties of nanotalc particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Results showed that both IN and CN particles significantly induce cytotoxicity and alteration in cell cycle phases. Both IN and CN particles were found to induce oxidative stress indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and depletion of antioxidant levels. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 enzyme activation due to IN and CN particles exposure were also observed. We further showed that after iron chelation, IN and CN particles produce significantly less cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity to A549 cells as compared with nonchelated particles. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that redox active iron plays significant role in the toxicity of IN and CN particles, which may be mediated through ROS generation and oxidative stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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