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  • 1
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    Tolerance to Postharvest Physiological Deterioration in Cassava Roots (2010)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    A Methodological Approach for Spatiotemporally Analyzing Water-Polluting Effluents in Agricultural Landscapes Using Partial Triadic Analysis (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    Abrupt Stratospheric Vortex Weakening Associated With North Atlantic Anticyclonic Wave Breaking (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) of 12 February 2018 was not forecast by any extended‐range model beyond 12 days. From early February, all forecast models that comprise the subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) database abruptly transitioned from indicating a strong stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) to a high likelihood of a major SSW. We demonstrate that this forecast evolution was associated with the track and intensity of a cyclone in the northeast Atlantic, with an associated anticyclonic Rossby wave break, which was not well forecast. The wave break played a pivotal role in building the Ural high, which existing literature has shown was a precursor of the 2018 SSW. The track of the cyclone built an anomalously strong sea level pressure dipole between Scandinavia and Greenland (termed the S‐G dipole), which we use as a diagnostic of the wave break. Forecasts that did not capture the magnitude of this event had the largest errors in the SPV strength and did not show enhanced vertical wave activity. A composite of 49 similarly strong wintertime (November–March) S‐G dipoles in reanalysis shows associated anticyclonic wave breaking leading to significantly enhanced vertical wave activity and a weakened SPV in the following days, which occurred in 35% of the 15‐day periods preceding observed major SSWs. Our results indicate a particular transient trigger for weakening the SPV, complementing existing results on the importance of tropospheric blocking for disruptions to the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratospheric circulation.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Global images of trapped ring current ions during main phase of 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm as observed by TWINS (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: A unique view of the trapped particles in the inner magnetosphere provided by energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging is used to observe the dynamics of the spatial structure and the pitch angle anisotropy on a global scale during the last 6 hours of the main phase of a large geomagnetic storm (minimum SYM/H = − 230 nT) that began on 17 March 2015. Ion flux and pressure anisotropy obtained from TWINS ENA images are shown. The ion flux shows 2 peaks, an inner one at approximately radii = 3–4 R E in the dusk-to-midnight sector and an outer peak at radii = 8–9 R E prior to midnight. The inner peak is relatively stationary during the entire period with some intensification during the final steep decline in SYM/H to its minimum. The outer peak shows significant temporal variation brightening and dimming and finally disappearing at the end of the main phase. The pressure anisotropy shows the expected perpendicular pitch angles inside of L = 6 , but shows parallel pitch angles at greater L values. This is interpreted as consistent with pitch angle dependent drift as modeled in the Tsy05 magnetic field and CIMI simulations. The TWINS results are compared directly with RBSPICE-A measurements. Using 15 minute snapshots of flux and pressure anisotropy from TWINS along the path of RBSPICE-A during the 6 hours focused upon in this study, the essential features displayed in the TWINS global images are supported.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Modeling of hydrogen production by serpentinization in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems: Application to the Rainbow field (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Geofluids
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: The production of hydrogen by serpentinization in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems is simulated by coupling thermodynamic and dynamic modeling in the framework of a thermo-hydraulic single-pass model where a high-temperature hydrothermal fluid moves preferentially through a main canal of high permeability. The alteration of ultramafic rocks is modeled with a first-order kinetic formulation, wherein the serpentinization rate coefficient, K r , takes the form: K r = A exp(-α(T-T 0 ) 2 ). In this formulation, α determines the temperature range of the reaction, and T 0 is the temperature at which the serpentinization rate reaches its maximum. This model is applied to the Rainbow hydrothermal system, which is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and characterized by a high temperature, a high mass flux, and a very high hydrogen concentration. The results show that a first-order kinetic law gives a useful representation of the kinetics of serpentinization. The estimated value for the parameter A in the temperature-dependent formulation of the serpentinization rate coefficient lies in the range (1-5)×10 -11 s −1 . This effective parameter is several orders of magnitude lower than the values obtained from small grain-size experiments but in agreement with other published modeling studies of natural systems. Numerical simulations show that the venting site is able to produce the observed high concentration of hydrogen during the whole continuous lifetime of the Rainbow site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1468-8115
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-8123
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Holocene changes in precipitation seasonality in the western Mediterranean Basin: a multi-species approach using δ13C of archaeobotanical remains (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-13
    Description: Precipitation has been of utmost importance in shaping the evolution of landscapes and human settlements in the Mediterranean. However, information on seasonal precipitation patterns through the Holocene is scarce. This study attempts to quantify the evolution of seasonal precipitation in the East Iberian Peninsula (5000 BC to AD 600) based on the carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of archaeobotanical remains. Data on Holm oak, Aleppo pine and small-grain cereals were combined, and precipitation was inferred from models relating present-day records to the δ 13 C of modern samples. Subsequently, charred grains were used as a proxy for ancient moisture during April–May, whereas oak and pine charcoals provided complementary rainfall estimates for September–December and January–August, respectively. The results reveal aridity changes throughout the Holocene in the western Mediterranean. Past spring–summer precipitation was consistently higher than at present. In contrast, autumn and early winter precipitation showed stronger fluctuations, particularly during the first millennium BC, and often exhibited values below those of the present. The high contribution of autumn precipitation to the annual water budget, typical of the present Mediterranean climate, was definitively established at the beginning of the current era. This study shows how a combination of species holding complementary environmental signals can contribute to a wider knowledge of local precipitation dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    WRF multi-physics simulation of clouds in the African region (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used to simulate clouds, and their effects on precipitation and radiation, in Africa. The results have been compared with observational databases, mainly based on satellite measurements. The CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been used to consistently compare simulated clouds with satellite data, allowing us to evaluate not only the total cloud cover but also the cloud amount of different cloud types, classified according to their optical thickness and top pressure. Nine WRF simulations, for the 2002–2006 period, were carried out to evaluate the influence of different physical parameterizations and model configuration on cloud cover. In general, model simulations show similar results, underestimating total cloud cover in most of the studied region. In the tropical convective area high clouds are underestimated, but the net effect over the radiation is partially compensated by the overestimation of cloud optical depth. Major differences appear over subtropical areas dominated by marine boundary layer clouds, mainly off the coast of Namibia. In this area, simulations show too many thick clouds and too few clouds with lower optical thickness. The net result is an underestimation of low cloud cover. Furthermore, the transition from stratocumulus to shallow cumulus away from the coast is also not realistically modeled.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    TWINS Stereoscopic Imaging of Multiple Peaks in the Ring Current (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-21
    Description: Global, ion equatorial flux distributions and energy spectra are presented from stereoscopic TWINS 1 and TWINS 2 ENA images for two time periods, 29 May 2010, 1330–1430 UT and 26 May 2011, 1645–1715 UT. The first is just after the main phase of a weak (minimum SYM/H ≈ −70 to −80 nT) CIR (Co-rotating Interaction Region) driven geomagnetic storm. The second is during a relatively quiet period. The global ion distributions show multiple spatial peaks that are coincident with peaks in the AE index. The energy spectra have a primary maximum in the 15–20 keV range. Below the energy maximum, the flux is Maxwellian. Above the main maximum, the flux is either significantly below that of a Maxwellian or has a second component with a maximum in the 40–50 keV range. For the 29 May 2010, 1330–1430 UT time period, the flux from the TWINS stereoscopic images is compared to the results from TWINS 1 and TWINS 2 alone illustrating the advantage of stereoscopic viewing. The flux deconvolved from the TWINS images also show spatial and temporal correlations with THEMIS in-situ measurements. Magnetic field dipolarizations observed by GOES support the existence of a peak in the ion flux in the midnight/dawn sector. In summary, increased spatial resolution from TWINS stereoscopic ENA images is demonstrated. Multiple peaks in the ion flux of trapped particles in the ring current are observed. THEMIS ESA in-situ ion flux measurements and GOES geosynchronous magnetic field measurements are consistent with the spatial and temporal structure obtained.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Comparison of TWINS and THEMIS observations of proton pitch angle distributions in the ring current during the 29 May 2010 geomagnetic storm (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-25
    Description: [1]  The first comparison between energy dependent ion pitch angle distributions in the ring current deconvolved from TWINS ENA images and measured by THEMIS d and e during a magnetic storm on 29 May 2010 are shown. The ion intensities and energy spectra along the THEMIS path are also compared with those deconvolved from the TWINS ENA images. The global plots of the ion intensities show an asymmetric ring current in the early recovery phase consistent with the ASY/H index. The comparison between the in situ pitch angle distributions observed by THEMIS and those obtained here from TWINS ENA images lends credence to the global plots of pitch angle anisotropy provided by the TWINS data. The spatial dependence of the pitch angle anisotropy provides information relevant to ion precipitation and lifetimes of trapped ring current ions not available from in-situ measurements.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Verification of precipitable water vapour in high-resolution WRF simulations over a mountainous archipelago (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: In this work, precipitable water vapour (PWV), its diurnal variability and water vapour vertical profiles have been obtained from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. The PWV simulated values have been validated using observations from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for three locations in an orographically complex region, the Canary Islands archipelago, while the vertical water vapour profiles have been compared with radiosonde data available for this region. Initial and boundary conditions for simulations are given by National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global models: FNL (Global Final Analysis) and GFS (Global Forecast System). Several parametrizations and assumptions, related to cloud microphysics, boundary-layer and land surface models, number of vertical levels, moisture transport and 3D nudging techniques, have been applied to evaluate the sensitivity of the WRF results. In general, a good agreement between WRF and GNSS data was obtained, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.95 and centred root mean square differences about 2 mm. Furthermore, for PWV and water vapour vertical distribution, no appreciable differences were observed between the different experiments carried out, since the main contribution to water vapour in a region with small land coverage comes from the large-scale processes, which are reasonably represented when analysis data are used as the forcing boundary conditions of the model. The ability of the WRF simulations to reproduce the PWV diurnal cycle was also verified. Additionally, the skills of the WRF simulations to determine PWV were evaluated for different nudging strategies when 48 h forecast simulations were performed; these showed insignificant differences. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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