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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Hydraulic fracturing enables oil and gas extraction from low‐permeability reservoirs, but there remains a need to reduce the environmental footprint. Resource use, contaminant‐bearing flowback water, and potential for induced seismicity are all scaled by the volume of injected fluid. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas emissions associated with each extracted unit of energy can be decreased by improving resource recovery. To minimize fluid use while maximizing recovery, a rapidly‐computing model is developed and validated to enable the thousands of simulations needed to identify opportunities for optimization. Lower pumping pressure approaches that minimize pressure loss through the wellbore perforations combined with non‐uniform spacing are shown to be capable of substantially reducing fluid consumption and/or increasing created fracture surface area when the stress variation is mainly from fracture interaction instead of in‐situ stress. When in‐situ stress variation is dominant, “limited entry” methods promote more uniform growth but with higher pumping pressures and energy consumption.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: CFD was applied to demonstrate the effect of reactor configurations on the fluid flow pattern in submerged membrane reactors. A mixture model, a realizable k -ϵ model, and the multiple reference frame (MRF) technique were employed to simulate the solid-liquid turbulent flow. Influences of the introduction of a ceramic membrane, the relative position between ceramic membrane and impeller, and the types of impeller on velocity profiles and concentration distributions were systematically discussed. These simulation results were validated qualitatively with experimental data for various reactor configurations. The submerged membrane reactor can effectively solve the problem concerning ultrafine catalyst recovery. Based on computational fluid dynamics, the fluid flow pattern in a submerged membrane reactor is studied and validated qualitatively with the experimental data from phenol hydroxylation which took place inside the reactor. The effect of different reactor configurations on velocity profiles and concentration distribution are systematically discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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