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  • 1
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    Submesoscale impacts on horizontal and vertical transport in the Gulf of Mexico (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
    Description: Impacts of submesoscale processes on transport are investigated numerically in an energetic mesoscale flow with an ocean model run at two horizontal resolutions, 1 km and 5 km. The focus is the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, where the Loop Current eddies are surrounded by smaller vortices. By increasing the horizontal resolution, the number and strength of submesoscale eddies and vorticity filaments within the mixed layer increase dramatically, and with them the vertical velocities. Inside the coherent eddies and at their peripheries increased vertical velocities for increasing resolution are associated to near inertial motions and they are not limited to the mixed layer, but are found at all depths. Horizontal velocities, on the contrary, are similar. Lagrangian isobaric tracers are deployed close to the surface and at 100 m, and three dimensional, neutrally buoyant particles are released close to the surface, at the base of the mixed layer and at 100 m. The modeled horizontal dispersion curves for each deployment depth are independent of the kind of particles and of horizontal resolution. Close to the ocean surface, however, convergence zones, generated by submesoscale ageostrophic motions and resolved at 1 km resolution, influence the details of the tracer distributions. Vertical dispersion increases by several folds for increasing resolution at all depths explored, with the largest differences found close to the surface. Therefore submesoscales processes play a fundamental role in driving vertical transport in eddy dominated flows, both within and below the mixed layer, for times comparable to the Eulerian time scale.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Sustained growth of the Southern Ocean carbon storage in a warming climate (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: We investigate the mechanisms controlling the evolution of Southern Ocean carbon storage under a future climate warming scenario. A subset of CMIP-5 models predicts that the inventory of biologically sequestered carbon south of 40°S increases about 18-34PgC by 2100 relative to the preindustrial condition. Sensitivity experiments with an ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model illustrates the impacts of the wind and buoyancy forcing under a warming climate. Intensified and poleward-shifted westerly wind strengthens the upper overturning circulation, leading to an increased uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 , but also releasing biologically regenerated carbon to the atmosphere. Freshening of Antarctic Surface Water causes a slowdown of the lower overturning circulation, leading to an increased Southern Ocean biological carbon storage. The rectified effect of these processes operating together is the sustained growth of the carbon storage in the Southern Ocean, even under the warming climate with a weaker global ocean carbon uptake.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Controls on the Transport of Meltwater From the Southern Greenland Ice Sheet in the Labrador Sea (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Coastal waters in the Labrador Sea are influenced by the seasonal input of meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet, which is predicted to more than double by the end of the century. Mechanisms controlling the offshore export of meltwater can have a significant effect on stratification and vertical stability in the Labrador Sea, being particularly important if the meltwater is transported toward the interior of the basin where winter convection occurs. Here we use a high‐resolution ocean model to show that coastal upwelling winds play a critical role transporting the meltwater offshore to about 150 km from the coast, where increased eddy activity and mean circulation can then transport the meltwater farther offshore. While meltwater discharged from West Greenland is either transported to Baffin Bay or circumnavigates the basin flowing mostly along isobaths, meltwater from East Greenland can reach the interior of the basin where it may influence stratification and winter convection whenever winds are anomalously upwelling favorable in late summer and early fall.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9275
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9291
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Murine Tissues Have Differential Capacity to Metabolize Extracellular Nucleotides (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-07
    Description: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown a great potential for cell-based therapy and many different therapeutic purposes. Despite the recent advances in the knowledge of MSCs biology, their biochemical and molecular properties are still poorly defined. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (eNT/CD73) are widely expressed enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides, generating an important cellular signaling cascade. Currently, studies have evidenced the relationship between the purinergic system and the development, maintenance, and differentiation of stem cells. The objective of this study is to identify the NTPDases and eNT/CD73 and compare the levels of nucleotide hydrolysis on MSCs isolated from different murine tissues (bone marrow, lung, vena cava, kidney, pancreas, spleen, skin, and adipose tissue). MSCs from all tissues investigated expressed the ectoenzymes at different levels. In MSCs from pancreas and adipose tissue, the hydrolysis of triphosphonucleosides was significantly higher when compared to the other cells. The diphosphonucleosides were hydrolyzed at a higher rate by MSC from pancreas when compared to MSC from other tissues. The differential nucleotide hydrolysis activity and enzyme expression in these cells suggests that MSCs play different roles in regulating the purinergic system in these tissues. Overall MSCs are an attractive adult-derived cell population for therapies, however, the fact that ecto-nucleotide metabolism can affect the microenvironment, modulating important events, such as immune response, makes the assessment of this metabolism an important part of the characterization of MSCs to be applied therapeutically. J. Cell. Biochem. 9999: XX–XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Physically driven Patchy O2 Changes in the North Atlantic Ocean simulated by the CMIP5 Earth System Models (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-23
    Description: The subpolar North Atlantic is a key region for the oceanic uptake of heat, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Centennial oxygen (O 2 ) changes are investigated in the upper 700 m of the North Atlantic Ocean using a subset of Earth System Models (ESMs) included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The climatological distributions of dissolved O 2 averaged for the recent past period (1975-2005) are generally well captured although the convective activity differs among the models in space and strength, and most models show a cold bias south of Greenland. By the end of the 21st century, all models predict an increase in depth-integrated temperature of 2-3 o C, resultant solubility decrease, weakened vertical mass transport, decreased nutrient supply into the euphotic layer, and weakened export production. Despite an overall tendency of the North Atlantic to lose oxygen, patchy regions of O 2 increase are observed due to the weakening of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) causing a regional solubility increase (the warming hole effect) and a decrease in the advection of subtropical, low-O 2 waters into the subpolar regions (the nutrient stream effect). Additionally, a shift in the NAC position contributes to localized O 2 changes near the boundaries of water masses. The net O 2 change reflects the combination of multiple factors leading to highly heterogeneous and model-dependent patterns. Our results imply that changes in the strength and position of the NAC will likely play crucial roles in setting the pattern of O 2 changes in future projections.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Oceanic uptake of oxygen during deep convection events through diffusive and bubble mediated gas exchange (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-04
    Description: The concentration of dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) plays fundamental roles in diverse chemical and biological processes throughout the oceans. The balance between the physical supply and the biological consumption controls the O 2 level of the interior ocean, and the O 2 supply to the deep waters can only occur through deep convection in the polar oceans. We develop a theoretical framework describing the oceanic O 2 uptake during open-ocean deep convection events and test it against a suite of numerical sensitivity experiments. Our framework allows for two predictions, confirmed by the numerical simulations. First, both the duration and the intensity of the winter-time cooling contribute to the total O 2 uptake for a given buoyancy loss. Stronger cooling leads to deeper convection and the oxygenation can reach down to deeper depths. Longer duration of the cooling period increases the total amount of O 2 uptake over the convective season. Second, the bubble-mediated influx of O 2 tends to weaken the diffusive influx by shifting the air-sea disequilibrium of O 2 towards supersaturation. The degree of compensation between the diffusive and bubble-mediated gas exchange depends on the dimensionless number measuring the relative strength of oceanic vertical mixing and the gas transfer velocity. Strong convective mixing, which may occur under strong cooling, reduces the degree of compensation so that the two components of gas exchange together drive exceptionally strong oceanic O 2 uptake.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Castanea sativa Mill. Bark Extract Protects U-373 MG Cells and Rat Brain Slices Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-10-15
    Description: ABSTRACT Ischemic brain injury is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The use of one-drug-multi-target agents based on natural compounds is a promising therapeutic option for cerebral ischemia due to their pleiotropic properties. This study assessed the neuroprotective properties of Castanea sativa Mill . bark extract (ENC) in human astrocytoma U-373 MG cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion and rat cortical slices subjected to ischemia-like conditions or treated with glutamate or hydrogen peroxide. Neuroprotective effects were determined by assessing cells or slices viability (MTT assay), ROS formation (DCFH-DA assay), apoptosis (sub G0/G1 peak), nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation (DAPI staining) as well as changes in lysosomes and mitochondria morphology (Acridine Orange and Rhodamine123 staining, respectively). ENC treatment before injury on U-373 MG cells (5-50 µg/ml) and cortical slices (50-100 µg/ml) provided neuroprotection, while lower or higher concentrations (100 µg/ml U-373 MG cells, 200 µg/ml brain slices) were ineffective.. ENC addition during reperfusion or after the injury was not found to be effective. The results suggest that ENC might hold potential as preventive neuroprotective agent, and indicate the importance of further studies exploring its mechanism of action. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    The interannual variability of potential temperature in the central Labrador Sea (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-19
    Description: The interannual variability of potential temperature in the central Labrador Sea is studied with a suite of numerical simulations with an eddy-resolving regional ocean model and compared with available observations. The model successfully reproduces the observed variations in potential temperature at depths comprised between 150 and 2000 m over the period 1980–2009, capturing also the warming trend of the last decade and the deep water formation event in 2008. The suite of experiments allows for quantifying the contribution from the physical forcings responsible for the interannual variability of potential temperature in the region. The local atmospheric forcing drives the interannual signal by driving convection, while the incoming current system along the east coast of Greenland is responsible for about half of the warming trend (∼0.3–0.4°C) during the last decade through restratification process. The lateral transport of Irminger water in the convective region into the central Labrador Sea is further analyzed integrating a passive tracer. It is found that the overall amount of Irminger water transported in the convective region of the Labrador Sea is directly correlated with the amount of vertical convective mixing. In the last decade, following the decrease in convective activity, the model reveals a substantial decrease in concentration of Irminger Current water below 500 m in the Labrador Sea interior: by 2010 the overall amount is less than half than in the previous 20 years.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Frying performance of palm oil liquid fractions (1981)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9331
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Production and use of natural antioxidants (1981)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9331
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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