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  • Articles  (20)
  • Springer  (7)
  • Wiley  (6)
  • Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland  (5)
  • Mineralogical Society of America  (2)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • Geosciences  (20)
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  • Articles  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate? (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Manganese nodules ; Thorium dating ; Uranium isotopes ; Peru basin ; TIMS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution230Thexcess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (230Th), 0.43–1.40 ppm (232Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (234U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (238U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the230Thexcess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant230Thexcess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate? (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Manganese nodules ; Thorium dating ; Uranium isotopes ; Peru basin ; TIMS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution 230Thexcess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (230Th), 0.43-1.40 ppm (232Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (234U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (238U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the 230Thexcess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant 230Thexcess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050098
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  • 3
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    Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: We use a 0-D photochemical box model and a 3-D global chemistry-climate model, combined with observations from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign, to understand the sources and sinks of glyoxal over the Southeast United States. Box model simulations suggest a large difference in glyoxal production among three isoprene oxidation mechanisms (AM3ST, AM3B, and MCM v3.3.1). These mechanisms are then implemented into a 3-D global chemistry-climate model. Comparison with field observations shows that the average vertical profile of glyoxal is best reproduced by AM3ST with an effective reactive uptake coefficient γ glyx of 2 × 10 -3 , and AM3B without heterogeneous loss of glyoxal. The two mechanisms lead to 0-0.8 µg m -3 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal in the boundary layer of the Southeast U.S. in summer. We consider this to be the lower limit for the contribution of glyoxal to SOA, as other sources of glyoxal other than isoprene are not included in our model. In addition, we find that AM3B shows better agreement on both formaldehyde and the correlation between glyoxal and formaldehyde ( R GF  = [GLYX]/[HCHO]), resulting from the suppression of δ-isoprene peroxy radicals (δ-ISOPO 2 ). We also find that MCM v3.3.1 may underestimate glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation, in part due to an underestimated yield from the reaction of IEPOX peroxy radicals (IEPOXOO) with HO 2 . Our work highlights that the gas-phase production of glyoxal represents a large uncertainty in quantifying its contribution to SOA.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Manganoquadratite, AgMnAsS3, a new manganese-bearing sulfosalt from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru: Description and crystal structure (2012)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-01
    Description: Manganoquadratite, ideally AgMnAsS3, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as dark gray, anhedral to subhedral grains up 0.5 mm across, closely associated with alabandite, Mn-rich calcite, Mn-rich sphalerite, proustite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, tennantite, argentotennantite, stannite, and other unnamed minerals of the system Pb-Ag-Sb-Mn-As-S. Manganoquadratite is opaque with a metallic luster and possesses a reddish-brown streak. It is brittle, the Vickers microhardness (VHN10) is 81 kg/mm2 (range 75–96) (corresponding Mohs hardness of 2–2½). The calculated density is 4.680 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula). In plane-polarized reflected light, manganoquadratite is moderately bireflectant and very weakly pleochroic from dark gray to a blue gray. Internal reflections are absent. Between crossed polars, the mineral is anisotropic, without characteristic rotation tints. Reflectance percentages (Rmin and Rmax) for the four standard COM wavelengths are 29.5, 31.8 (471.1 nm), 28.1, 30.5 (548.3 nm), 27.3, 29.3 (586.6 nm), and 26.0, 28.2 (652.3 nm), respectively.Manganoquadratite is tetragonal, space group P4322, with unit-cell parameters: a = 5.4496(5), c = 32.949(1) Å, V = 978.5(1) Å3, c:a = 6.046, Z = 8. The structure, refined to R1 = 0.0863 for 907 reflections with Fo 〉 4σ(Fo), consists of a stacking along [001] of alabandite-like Mn2S2 layers connected to each to other by a couple of AgAsS2 sheets where As3+ forms typical AsS3 groups, whereas Ag+ cations are fivefold coordinated. The six strongest lines in the observed X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.14 (60) (116), 2.739 (50) (0 0 12), 2.710 (100) (200), 1.927(70) (2 0 12 + 220), 1.645 (25) (3 0 16), and 1.573 (20) (22 12).Electron microprobe analyses gave the chemical formula (on the basis of six atoms) (Ag0.95Cu0.05)∑=1.00 (Mn0.96Pb0.04)∑=1.00(As0.87Sb0.14)∑=1.01S2.99, leading to the simplified formula AgMnAsS3.The name was chosen to indicate the close analogy of the formula and unit-cell dimensions with quadratite, Ag(Cd,Pb)(As,Sb)S3. The new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA 2011-008.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-07
    Description: In this study, physical and chemical properties of ultrafine aerosol particles are investigated at an urban site in Bakersfield, California, during the CalNex 2010 (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) campaign in May and June. Ultrafine particle measurements include particle number size distributions by a scanning Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) and size resolved aerosol chemical composition determined with a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Growth events of ultrafine particles were observed on most days and had a very regular pattern. A nucleation mode centered at ∼20 nm appeared in the morning and grew to 40–100 nm throughout the day. Microphysical modeling and size-resolved HR-ToF-AMS concentrations showed that organic components provided most of the particle growth in the ultrafine mode, and sulfate provided on most days only a minor contribution to the mass of this mode. The ultrafine particle mass was largely dominated by organics (77%), and was at maximum during the afternoon. Elemental carbon (EC) and the AMS tracer C4H9+ for hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) peaked in the early morning during rush hour, indicative of primary emissions. The fact that the particle number concentration peaked in the afternoon, when EC was at minimum, indicates that the midday increase in number concentration was likely due to new particle formation. The potential importance of solar radiation, the condensation sink of vapor on existing particles, concentrations of OH, O3, SO2, NH3, and VOCs for both condensational growth and new particle formation is evaluated based on the covariation of these parameters with ultrafine mass. The results suggest that the ultrafine particles are from secondary sources that are co-emitted or co-produced with glyoxal and formaldehyde.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Agmantinite, Ag2MnSnS4, a new mineral with a wurtzite derivative structure from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru (2018)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉 〈p〉Agmantinite, ideally Ag〈span〉2〈/span〉MnSnS〈span〉4〈/span〉, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as orange–red crystals up to 100 μm across. Agmantinite is translucent with adamantine lustre and possesses a red streak. It is brittle. Neither fracture nor cleavage were observed. Based on the empirical formula the calculated density is 4.574 g/cm〈span〉3〈/span〉. On the basis of chemically similar compounds the Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 to 2½. In plane-polarised light agmantinite is white with red internal reflections. It is weakly bireflectant with no observable pleochroism with red internal reflections. Between crossed polars, agmantinite is weakly anisotropic with reddish brown to greenish grey rotation tints. The reflectances (〈span〉R〈/span〉〈span〉min〈/span〉 and 〈span〉R〈/span〉〈span〉max〈/span〉) for the four standard wavelengths are: 19.7 and 22.0 (470 nm); 20.5 and 23.2 (546 nm); 21.7 and 2.49 (589 nm); and 20.6 and 23.6 (650 nm), respectively.〈/p〉 〈p〉Agmantinite is orthorhombic, space group 〈span〉P〈/span〉2〈span〉1〈/span〉〈span〉nm〈/span〉, with unit-cell parameters: 〈span〉a〈/span〉 = 6.632(2), 〈span〉b〈/span〉 = 6.922(2), 〈span〉c〈/span〉 = 8.156(2) Å, 〈span〉V〈/span〉 = 374.41(17) Å〈span〉3〈/span〉, 〈span〉a〈/span〉:〈span〉b〈/span〉:〈span〉c〈/span〉 0.958:1:1.178 and 〈span〉Z〈/span〉 = 2. The crystal structure was refined to 〈span〉R〈/span〉 = 0.0575 for 519 reflections with 〈span〉I 〉〈/span〉 2σ(〈span〉I〈/span〉). Agmantinite is the first known mineral of 〈span〉〈span〉〈img data-mimesubtype="gif" data-type="simple" src="http://static.cambridge.org/resource/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20190522072108342-0385:S0026461X18001391:S0026461X18001391_inline1.gif"〉 〈span data-mathjax-type="texmath"〉 〈/span〉 〈/span〉〈/span〉〈span〉M〈/span〉〈span〉II〈/span〉〈span〉M〈/span〉〈span〉IV〈/span〉S〈span〉4〈/span〉 type that is derived from wurtzite rather than sphalerite by ordered substitution of Zn, analogous to the substitution pattern for deriving stannite from sphalerite. The six strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [〈span〉d〈/span〉 in Å (intensity)] are: 3.51 (s), 3.32 (w), 3.11 (vs), 2.42 (w), 2.04 (m) and 1.88 (m). The empirical formula (based on 8 apfu) is (Ag〈span〉1.94〈/span〉Cu〈span〉0.03〈/span〉)〈span〉Σ1.97〈/span〉(Mn〈span〉0.98〈/span〉Zn〈span〉0.05〈/span〉)〈span〉Σ1.03〈/span〉Sn〈span〉0.97〈/span〉S〈span〉4.03〈/span〉.The crystal structure-derived formula is Ag〈span〉2〈/span〉(Mn〈span〉0.69〈/span〉Zn〈span〉0.31〈/span〉)〈span〉Σ1.00〈/span〉SnS〈span〉4〈/span〉 and the simplified formula is Ag〈span〉2〈/span〉MnSnS〈span〉4〈/span〉.〈/p〉 〈p〉The name is for the composition and the new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2014-083).〈/p〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Menchettiite, AgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12, a new sulfosalt belonging to the lillianite series from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru (2012)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-01
    Description: Menchettiite, ideally AgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as black, anhedral to subhedral grains up to 200 µm across, closely associated with orpiment, tennantite/tetrahedrite, other unnamed minerals of the system Pb-Ag-Sb-Mn-As-S, and calcite. Menchettiite is opaque with a metallic luster and possesses a black streak. It is brittle, with uneven fracture; the Vickers microhardness (VHN100) is 128 kg/mm2 (range 119–136) (corresponding to a Mohs hardness of 2½–3). The calculated density is 5.146 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula). In plane-polarized incident light, menchettiite is weakly to moderately bireflectant and weakly pleochroic from dark gray to a dark green. Internal reflections are absent. Between crossed polarizers, the mineral is anisotropic, without characteristic rotation tints. Reflectance percentages (Rmin and Rmax) for the four standard COM wavelengths are 33.1, 39.8 (471.1 nm), 31.8, 38.0 (548.3 nm), 30.9, 37.3 (586.6 nm), and 29.0, 35.8 (652.3 nm), respectively.Menchettiite is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit-cell parameters: a = 19.233(2), b = 12.633(3), c = 8.476(2) Å, ß = 90.08(2)°, V = 2059.4(8) Å3, a: b: c 1.522:1:0.671, Z = 2, and it is twinned on {100}. The crystal structure was refined to R = 0.0903 for 2365 reflections with Fo 〉 4s(Fo) and it resulted to be topologically identical to those of ramdohrite, uchucchacuaite, and fizélyite. The six strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.4066 (39) (3¯12), 3.4025 (39) (312), 3.2853 (100) (520), 2.8535 (50) (2¯32), 2.8519 (47) (232), and 2.1190 (33) (004). Electron-microprobe analyses gave the chemical formula Ag1.95Cu0.01Pb4.81Mn3.20Fe0.02Zn0.01Sb6.09As3.94Bi0.01S23.95Se0.01, on the basis of 44 atoms and according to the structure refinement results. Menchettiite can be classified among the Sb-rich members of the lillianite homeotypic series, which are described with the general formula AgxPb3-2xSb2+xS6. Besides the heterovalent substitution 2Pb2+ ? Ag+ + Sb3+ taken into consideration by the above formula, two isovalent substitutions relate menchettiite to the other lillianite homeotypes, i.e., Mn2+ ? Pb2+ and As3+ ? Sb3+. The name is after Silvio Menchetti (1937–), Professor of Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Florence. The new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA (2011–009).
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Structural and chemical study of weishanite, (Au,Ag,Hg), from the Keystone mine, Colorado, USA. (2018)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉Structural data for weishanite, an alloy of Au, Ag and Hg, were collected for the first time from a crystal from the Keystone Mine, Colorado, USA. The structure was solved in the space group 〈span〉P〈/span〉6〈span〉3〈/span〉/〈span〉mmc〈/span〉 with the unit cell 〈span〉a〈/span〉 = 2.9348(8) and 〈span〉c〈/span〉 = 4.8215(18) Å] and refined to 〈span〉R〈/span〉 = 0.0299 for 40 observed reflections [4σ(〈span〉F〈/span〉) level] and four parameters and to 〈span〉R〈/span〉 = 0.0356 for all 47 independent reflections. The weishanite structure can be considered a derivative of the zinc structure, with Au, Ag and Hg disordered in the same structural position. On this basis, we suggest that the formula is normalized to 1 atom with 〈span〉Z〈/span〉 = 2, leading, for the sample investigated, to Au〈span〉0.41〈/span〉Ag〈span〉0.31〈/span〉Hg〈span〉0.28〈/span〉 (electron microprobe data). Accordingly, weishanite can be considered the Au-rich isotype of schachnerite. A comparison with other Au/Ag-Hg alloys is presented together with a critical discussion about the nomenclature rules to be applied to alloys and simple metals.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
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  • 9
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    A geodetic matched-filter search for slow slip with application to the Mexico subduction zone (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-24
    Description: Since the discovery of slow slip events, many methods have been successfully applied to model obvious transient events in geodetic time series, such as the widely used network strain filter. Independent seismological observations of tremors or low frequency earthquakes and repeating earthquakes provide evidence of low amplitude slow deformation but do not always coincide with clear occurrences of transient signals in geodetic time series. Here, we aim to extract the signal corresponding to slow slips hidden in the noise of GPS time series, without using information from independent datasets. We first build a library of synthetic slow slip event templates by assembling a source function with Green's functions for a discretized fault. We then correlate the templates with post-processed GPS time series. Once the events have been detected in time, we estimate their duration T and magnitude M w by modelling a weighted stack of GPS time series. An analysis of synthetic time series shows that this method is able to resolve the correct timing, location, T and M w of events larger than M w 6 in the context of the Mexico subduction zone. Applied on a real data set of 29 GPS time series in the Guerrero area from 2005 to 2014, this technique allows us to detect 28 transient events from M w 6.3 to 7.2 with durations that range from 3 to 39 days. These events have a dominant recurrence time of 40 days and are mainly located at the down dip edges of the M w 〉 7.5 SSEs.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Isoprene Suppression of New Particle Formation: Potential Mechanism and Implications (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-10
    Description: Secondary aerosols formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions have substantial impacts on human health, air quality and the Earth's climate. New particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 70% of the global production of cloud condensation nuclei, but the effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their oxidation products on NPF processes in forests are poorly understood. Observations show that isoprene, the most abundant BVOC, suppresses NPF in forests. But the previously proposed chemical mechanism underlying this suppression process contradicts atmospheric observations. By reviewing observations made in other forests, it is clear that NPF rarely takes place during the summer when emissions of isoprene are high, even though there are sufficient concentrations of monoterpenes. But at present it is not clear how isoprene and its oxidation products may change the oxidation chemistry of terpenes and how NO x and other atmospheric key species affect NPF in forest environments. Future laboratory experiments with chemical speciation of gas phase nucleation precursors and clusters and chemical composition of particles smaller than 10 nm are required to understand the role of isoprene in NPF. Our results show that climate models can overpredict aerosol's first indirect effect when not considering the absence of NPF in the southeastern U.S. forests during the summer using the current nucleation algorithm that includes only sulfuric acid and total concentrations of low volatility organic compounds. This highlights the importance of understanding NPF processes as function of temperature, RH and BVOC compositions to make valid predictions of NPF and CCN at a wide range of atmospheric conditions.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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