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  • Articles  (32)
  • Wiley  (16)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (9)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (7)
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  • Articles  (32)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-03-30
    Description: The capability of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the simulation of cirrus clouds has been examined, with a focus on the effects of radiative processes and vertical model resolution. We incorporate in WRF a new radiation module, referred to as the Fu-Liou-Gu scheme, which is an improvement and refinement based on the Fu-Liou scheme, particularly in reference to parameterization of the single-scattering properties of ice crystal size and shape. We conducted a number of real-time WRF simulations for cirrus cases that were observed in the coastal and western United States on 29–30 March 2007, and we compared these with available observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and GOES visible and IR images over the same areas. Simulation results show that WRF is capable of generating reasonable cirrus cloud fields and their movement and dissipation processes, especially those associated with the large-scale frontal system. Radiative processes are important in cirrus cloud simulations by affecting the vertical thermal structure and hence convection. The newly implemented radiation module, the Fu-Liou-Gu scheme, has been demonstrated to work well in WRF and can be effectively used for studies related to cirrus cloud formation and evolution and aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions. With the newly implemented radiation scheme, the simulations of cloud cover and cloud and ice water path (CWP and IWP) have been improved for cirrus clouds, with a more consistent comparison with the corresponding MODIS observations in terms of CWP and IWP means and CWP frequency distribution, especially for optically thin cirrus with an improvement of about 20% in simulated mean IWP. The model-simulated ice crystal sizes have also been shown to be comparable to those determined from MODIS cloud products. Finally, we have demonstrated that model vertical resolution plays a significant role in cirrus cloud simulation in terms of altering vertical velocity field and the associated regional circulation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: Lung disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in CFTR. In cystic fibrosis, chronic infection and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation lead to progressive airway destruction. The severity of cystic fibrosis lung disease has considerable heritability, independent of CFTR genotype. To identify genetic modifiers, here we performed a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism scan in one cohort of cystic fibrosis patients, replicating top candidates in an independent cohort. This approach identified IFRD1 as a modifier of cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. IFRD1 is a histone-deacetylase-dependent transcriptional co-regulator expressed during terminal neutrophil differentiation. Neutrophils, but not macrophages, from Ifrd1-deficient mice showed blunted effector function, associated with decreased NF-kappaB p65 transactivation. In vivo, IFRD1 deficiency caused delayed bacterial clearance from the airway, but also less inflammation and disease-a phenotype primarily dependent on haematopoietic cell expression, or lack of expression, of IFRD1. In humans, IFRD1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with variation in neutrophil effector function. These data indicate that IFRD1 modulates the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease through the regulation of neutrophil effector function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841516/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841516/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, YuanYuan -- Harley, Isaac T W -- Henderson, Lindsay B -- Aronow, Bruce J -- Vietor, Ilja -- Huber, Lukas A -- Harley, John B -- Kilpatrick, Jeffrey R -- Langefeld, Carl D -- Williams, Adrienne H -- Jegga, Anil G -- Chen, Jing -- Wills-Karp, Marsha -- Arshad, S Hasan -- Ewart, Susan L -- Thio, Chloe L -- Flick, Leah M -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Grimes, H Leighton -- Drumm, Mitchell L -- Cutting, Garry R -- Knowles, Michael R -- Karp, Christopher L -- R01 AI024717/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068890/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068890-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068927/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068927-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079312/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079312-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI024717/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1039-42. doi: 10.1038/nature07811. Epub 2009 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cohort Studies ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/deficiency/*genetics ; Inflammation/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/immunology/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/pathogenicity ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: Schistosoma mansoni is responsible for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that affects 210 million people in 76 countries. Here we present analysis of the 363 megabase nuclear genome of the blood fluke. It encodes at least 11,809 genes, with an unusual intron size distribution, and new families of micro-exon genes that undergo frequent alternative splicing. As the first sequenced flatworm, and a representative of the Lophotrochozoa, it offers insights into early events in the evolution of the animals, including the development of a body pattern with bilateral symmetry, and the development of tissues into organs. Our analysis has been informed by the need to find new drug targets. The deficits in lipid metabolism that make schistosomes dependent on the host are revealed, and the identification of membrane receptors, ion channels and more than 300 proteases provide new insights into the biology of the life cycle and new targets. Bioinformatics approaches have identified metabolic chokepoints, and a chemogenomic screen has pinpointed schistosome proteins for which existing drugs may be active. The information generated provides an invaluable resource for the research community to develop much needed new control tools for the treatment and eradication of this important and neglected disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756445/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756445/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berriman, Matthew -- Haas, Brian J -- LoVerde, Philip T -- Wilson, R Alan -- Dillon, Gary P -- Cerqueira, Gustavo C -- Mashiyama, Susan T -- Al-Lazikani, Bissan -- Andrade, Luiza F -- Ashton, Peter D -- Aslett, Martin A -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Caffrey, Conor R -- Coghlan, Avril -- Coulson, Richard -- Day, Tim A -- Delcher, Art -- DeMarco, Ricardo -- Djikeng, Appolinaire -- Eyre, Tina -- Gamble, John A -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Gu, Yong -- Hertz-Fowler, Christiane -- Hirai, Hirohisha -- Hirai, Yuriko -- Houston, Robin -- Ivens, Alasdair -- Johnston, David A -- Lacerda, Daniela -- Macedo, Camila D -- McVeigh, Paul -- Ning, Zemin -- Oliveira, Guilherme -- Overington, John P -- Parkhill, Julian -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Pierce, Raymond J -- Protasio, Anna V -- Quail, Michael A -- Rajandream, Marie-Adele -- Rogers, Jane -- Sajid, Mohammed -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Stanke, Mario -- Tivey, Adrian R -- White, Owen -- Williams, David L -- Wortman, Jennifer -- Wu, Wenjie -- Zamanian, Mostafa -- Zerlotini, Adhemar -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Barrell, Barclay G -- El-Sayed, Najib M -- 086151/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5D43TW006580/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- 5D43TW007012-03/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- AI054711-01A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083873-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI048828-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT085775/Z/08/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):352-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. mb4@sanger.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Exons/genetics ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Genome, Helminth/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Introns/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-08-20
    Description: Epigenetic modifiers have fundamental roles in defining unique cellular identity through the establishment and maintenance of lineage-specific chromatin and methylation status. Several DNA modifications such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are catalysed by the ten eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenase family members, and the roles of Tet proteins in regulating chromatin architecture and gene transcription independently of DNA methylation have been gradually uncovered. However, the regulation of immunity and inflammation by Tet proteins independent of their role in modulating DNA methylation remains largely unknown. Here we show that Tet2 selectively mediates active repression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcription during inflammation resolution in innate myeloid cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages. Loss of Tet2 resulted in the upregulation of several inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, at late phase during the response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. Tet2-deficient mice were more susceptible to endotoxin shock and dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis, displaying a more severe inflammatory phenotype and increased IL-6 production compared to wild-type mice. IkappaBzeta, an IL-6-specific transcription factor, mediated specific targeting of Tet2 to the Il6 promoter, further indicating opposite regulatory roles of IkappaBzeta at initial and resolution phases of inflammation. For the repression mechanism, independent of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, Tet2 recruited Hdac2 and repressed transcription of Il6 via histone deacetylation. We provide mechanistic evidence for the gene-specific transcription repression activity of Tet2 via histone deacetylation and for the prevention of constant transcription activation at the chromatin level for resolving inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4697747/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4697747/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qian -- Zhao, Kai -- Shen, Qicong -- Han, Yanmei -- Gu, Yan -- Li, Xia -- Zhao, Dezhi -- Liu, Yiqi -- Wang, Chunmei -- Zhang, Xiang -- Su, Xiaoping -- Liu, Juan -- Ge, Wei -- Levine, Ross L -- Li, Nan -- Cao, Xuetao -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA173636/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 17;525(7569):389-93. doi: 10.1038/nature15252. Epub 2015 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology &Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China. ; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology &Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26287468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Colitis/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/*metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Histone Deacetylase 2/*metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Inflammation/enzymology/immunology/*metabolism ; Interleukin-6/*antagonists & inhibitors/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Severe geomagnetic storms caused by the solar wind disturbances have harmful influences on the operation of modern equipment and systems. The modeling and forecasting of AE index are extremely useful to understand the geomagnetic substorms. This study presents a novel cloud‐nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to predict AE index 1 hr ahead. The cloud‐NARX model provides AE index forecasting results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 on the data of whole year 2015. The benchmarks on the data of the two interested periods of 17–21 March 2015 and 22–26 June 2015 are presented. The presented model uses uncertainty “cloud” model and cloud transformation to quantify the uncertainty throughout the structure detection, parameter estimation, and model prediction. The new predicted band can be generated to forecast AE index with confidence interval. The proposed method provides a new way to evaluate the model based on uncertainty analysis, revealing the reliability of model, and visualize the bias of model prediction.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Severe geomagnetic storms caused by the solar wind disturbances have harmful influences on the operation of modern equipment and systems. The modeling and forecasting of AE index are extremely useful to understand the geomagnetic substorms. This study presents a novel cloud‐nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to predict AE index 1 hr ahead. The cloud‐NARX model provides AE index forecasting results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 on the data of whole year 2015. The benchmarks on the data of the two interested periods of 17–21 March 2015 and 22–26 June 2015 are presented. The presented model uses uncertainty “cloud” model and cloud transformation to quantify the uncertainty throughout the structure detection, parameter estimation, and model prediction. The new predicted band can be generated to forecast AE index with confidence interval. The proposed method provides a new way to evaluate the model based on uncertainty analysis, revealing the reliability of model, and visualize the bias of model prediction.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-11-08
    Description: To obtain the intuitive data of magic field changes with nonwoven metal shielding material, the Al / PET / Rayon needle punched webs was processed with varied parameters, which were position of Al film, mass proportion of Al, needle punched density, and needle punched depth. Magnetic flux density values of Al / PET / Rayon needle punched webs were measured to calculate their magnetic flux density attenuation (MFDA) values under the exposure to mobile phone field. It was found that position of Al film, Al proportion, and needle punched density have a great effect on magnetic flux density attenuation. When Al proportion in needle punched web increases from 10% to 18%, MFDA values increase accordingly, and tend to converge around Al mass ratio 18%. Besides, the promotion range of MFDA values is particularly obvious in the case of needle punched density 50 g m −2 . When needle punched density increases from 50 g m −2 to 150 g m −2 , MFDA values decrease o...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes. To examine this, we generated a high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map. Detailed automatic and manual annotation provides evidence of more than 26,000 protein-coding genes, the largest gene set of any vertebrate so far sequenced. Comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human genes have at least one obvious zebrafish orthologue. In addition, the high quality of this genome assembly provides a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebrafish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, Kerstin -- Clark, Matthew D -- Torroja, Carlos F -- Torrance, James -- Berthelot, Camille -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Collins, John E -- Humphray, Sean -- McLaren, Karen -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Sealy, Ian -- Caccamo, Mario -- Churcher, Carol -- Scott, Carol -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Koch, Romke -- Rauch, Gerd-Jorg -- White, Simon -- Chow, William -- Kilian, Britt -- Quintais, Leonor T -- Guerra-Assuncao, Jose A -- Zhou, Yi -- Gu, Yong -- Yen, Jennifer -- Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk -- Eyre, Tina -- Redmond, Seth -- Banerjee, Ruby -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Fu, Beiyuan -- Langley, Elizabeth -- Maguire, Sean F -- Laird, Gavin K -- Lloyd, David -- Kenyon, Emma -- Donaldson, Sarah -- Sehra, Harminder -- Almeida-King, Jeff -- Loveland, Jane -- Trevanion, Stephen -- Jones, Matt -- Quail, Mike -- Willey, Dave -- Hunt, Adrienne -- Burton, John -- Sims, Sarah -- McLay, Kirsten -- Plumb, Bob -- Davis, Joy -- Clee, Chris -- Oliver, Karen -- Clark, Richard -- Riddle, Clare -- Elliot, David -- Threadgold, Glen -- Harden, Glenn -- Ware, Darren -- Begum, Sharmin -- Mortimore, Beverley -- Kerry, Giselle -- Heath, Paul -- Phillimore, Benjamin -- Tracey, Alan -- Corby, Nicole -- Dunn, Matthew -- Johnson, Christopher -- Wood, Jonathan -- Clark, Susan -- Pelan, Sarah -- Griffiths, Guy -- Smith, Michelle -- Glithero, Rebecca -- Howden, Philip -- Barker, Nicholas -- Lloyd, Christine -- Stevens, Christopher -- Harley, Joanna -- Holt, Karen -- Panagiotidis, Georgios -- Lovell, Jamieson -- Beasley, Helen -- Henderson, Carl -- Gordon, Daria -- Auger, Katherine -- Wright, Deborah -- Collins, Joanna -- Raisen, Claire -- Dyer, Lauren -- Leung, Kenric -- Robertson, Lauren -- Ambridge, Kirsty -- Leongamornlert, Daniel -- McGuire, Sarah -- Gilderthorp, Ruth -- Griffiths, Coline -- Manthravadi, Deepa -- Nichol, Sarah -- Barker, Gary -- Whitehead, Siobhan -- Kay, Michael -- Brown, Jacqueline -- Murnane, Clare -- Gray, Emma -- Humphries, Matthew -- Sycamore, Neil -- Barker, Darren -- Saunders, David -- Wallis, Justene -- Babbage, Anne -- Hammond, Sian -- Mashreghi-Mohammadi, Maryam -- Barr, Lucy -- Martin, Sancha -- Wray, Paul -- Ellington, Andrew -- Matthews, Nicholas -- Ellwood, Matthew -- Woodmansey, Rebecca -- Clark, Graham -- Cooper, James D -- Tromans, Anthony -- Grafham, Darren -- Skuce, Carl -- Pandian, Richard -- Andrews, Robert -- Harrison, Elliot -- Kimberley, Andrew -- Garnett, Jane -- Fosker, Nigel -- Hall, Rebekah -- Garner, Patrick -- Kelly, Daniel -- Bird, Christine -- Palmer, Sophie -- Gehring, Ines -- Berger, Andrea -- Dooley, Christopher M -- Ersan-Urun, Zubeyde -- Eser, Cigdem -- Geiger, Horst -- Geisler, Maria -- Karotki, Lena -- Kirn, Anette -- Konantz, Judith -- Konantz, Martina -- Oberlander, Martina -- Rudolph-Geiger, Silke -- Teucke, Mathias -- Lanz, Christa -- Raddatz, Gunter -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Zhu, Baoli -- Rapp, Amanda -- Widaa, Sara -- Langford, Cordelia -- Yang, Fengtang -- Schuster, Stephan C -- Carter, Nigel P -- Harrow, Jennifer -- Ning, Zemin -- Herrero, Javier -- Searle, Steve M J -- Enright, Anton -- Geisler, Robert -- Plasterk, Ronald H A -- Lee, Charles -- Westerfield, Monte -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Zon, Leonard I -- Postlethwait, John H -- Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane -- Hubbard, Tim J P -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Rogers, Jane -- Stemple, Derek L -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1 R01 DK55377-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD022486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD22486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR010715/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR020833/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Pseudogenes/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sex Determination Processes/genetics ; Zebrafish/*genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for most Gram-negative bacteria and has crucial roles in protection of the bacteria from harsh environments and toxic compounds, including antibiotics. Seven LPS transport proteins (that is, LptA-LptG) form a trans-envelope protein complex responsible for the transport of LPS from the inner membrane to the outer membrane, the mechanism for which is poorly understood. Here we report the first crystal structure of the unique integral membrane LPS translocon LptD-LptE complex. LptD forms a novel 26-stranded beta-barrel, which is to our knowledge the largest beta-barrel reported so far. LptE adopts a roll-like structure located inside the barrel of LptD to form an unprecedented two-protein 'barrel and plug' architecture. The structure, molecular dynamics simulations and functional assays suggest that the hydrophilic O-antigen and the core oligosaccharide of the LPS may pass through the barrel and the lipid A of the LPS may be inserted into the outer leaflet of the outer membrane through a lateral opening between strands beta1 and beta26 of LptD. These findings not only help us to understand important aspects of bacterial outer membrane biogenesis, but also have significant potential for the development of novel drugs against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, Haohao -- Xiang, Quanju -- Gu, Yinghong -- Wang, Zhongshan -- Paterson, Neil G -- Stansfeld, Phillip J -- He, Chuan -- Zhang, Yizheng -- Wang, Wenjian -- Dong, Changjiang -- 083501/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 3;511(7507):52-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13464. Epub 2014 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK [2] Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK. ; 1] Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK [2] Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan 625000, China. ; Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. ; 1] Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK [2] Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK [3] College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. ; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. ; 1] Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK [2] School of Electronics and Information, Wuhan Technical College of Communications, No.6 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China. ; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. ; Laboratory of Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Wall/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Salmonella typhimurium/*chemistry/cytology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-07-31
    Description: Adult neurogenesis arises from neural stem cells within specialized niches. Neuronal activity and experience, presumably acting on this local niche, regulate multiple stages of adult neurogenesis, from neural progenitor proliferation to new neuron maturation, synaptic integration and survival. It is unknown whether local neuronal circuitry has a direct impact on adult neural stem cells. Here we show that, in the adult mouse hippocampus, nestin-expressing radial glia-like quiescent neural stem cells (RGLs) respond tonically to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by means of gamma2-subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Clonal analysis of individual RGLs revealed a rapid exit from quiescence and enhanced symmetrical self-renewal after conditional deletion of gamma2. RGLs are in close proximity to terminals expressing 67-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons and respond tonically to GABA released from these neurons. Functionally, optogenetic control of the activity of dentate PV+ interneurons, but not that of somatostatin-expressing or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons, can dictate the RGL choice between quiescence and activation. Furthermore, PV+ interneuron activation restores RGL quiescence after social isolation, an experience that induces RGL activation and symmetrical division. Our study identifies a niche cell-signal-receptor trio and a local circuitry mechanism that control the activation and self-renewal mode of quiescent adult neural stem cells in response to neuronal activity and experience.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438284/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438284/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Juan -- Zhong, Chun -- Bonaguidi, Michael A -- Sun, Gerald J -- Hsu, Derek -- Gu, Yan -- Meletis, Konstantinos -- Huang, Z Josh -- Ge, Shaoyu -- Enikolopov, Grigori -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Luscher, Bernhard -- Christian, Kimberly M -- Ming, Guo-li -- Song, Hongjun -- AG040209/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD069184/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH089111/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS048271/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG040209/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD069184/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047344/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048271/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065915/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 ES021957/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R56 NS047344/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):150-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Lineage/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Female ; GABA Modulators/pharmacology ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists/pharmacology ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Interneurons/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Pathways/drug effects/*physiology ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; *Neurogenesis/drug effects ; Neuroglia/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Stem Cell Niche/drug effects/physiology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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