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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The detection of electron antineutrinos produced by natural radioactivity in the Earth could yield important geophysical information. The Kamioka liquid scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) has the sensitivity to detect electron antineutrinos produced by the decay of 238U and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2627-2637 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plasma polymerization of C2F4 was carried out in both continuous wave and pulsed rf discharges to establish the effects of reaction conditions on the kinetics of polymer deposition and the polymer structure. ESCA spectra of the polymer show evidence for —CF3, —CF2, and —CH2— groups. Under conditions favoring low deposition rates, the dominant functional group is —CF2—. At higher deposition rates the concentration of —CF2— groups is reduced and a more crosslinked polymer is produced. Both polymer deposition rates and polymer structures were essentially identical when using continuous wave and pulsed rf discharges.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2825-2831 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films surfaces through wettability measurements and inverse gas chromatography techniques leads to a better knowledge of the potential interactions with a coating. An important case is the one relative to gelatin coatings for photographic films. In order to favor adhesion on PET, it is of interest to examine the problem in terms of acid-base interactions. PET is found amphoteric and gelatin rather basic. Several surface treatments on PET like orientation on water and flame or plasma treatment in air lead to an increase in surface acidity. Adhesion with gelatin as determined by the peel test is increased through a flame treatment, because of the higher acidity of PET and subsequent chemical bonding at the interface. Determination of acid-base surface properties of PET and gelatin appears to be an excellent tool for adhesion prediction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1811-1821 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 2-aziridinecarboxylic acid derivatives with several protic reagents was used to synthesize depsipeptides, dehydroamino acid derivatives, diaminopropionic acid derivatives, and phospho peptide derivatives. The reaction of N-aminoacyl-2-aziridinecarboxylic acid benzyl ester with amino acid ester induced stereoselective transacylation.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1045-1050 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Application of a high continuous electrical field accelerates the orientation kinetics of polar groups at a polymer-water interface and so improves the surface polarity. This is preliminary to adhesion establishment on a polar substrate. Adhesion of PET and gelatin performed under an electric field leads to an increase of the interfacial adhesion properties, due to simultaneous effects of the electric field at the interface. Polar-group orientation at a polymer surface and electrical aspects of adhesion are therefore self-consistent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Based on conjugate ground and THEMIS satellite observations, we show electron spectra and wave characteristics near the magnetic equatorial plane during a pulsating aurora event on the high latitude side of the auroral oval. The pulsating aurora was observed by a 30-Hz sampled all-sky imager (ASI) at Gillam (56.4°N, 265.4°E), Canada, at ∼0840-0910 UT on 8 January 2008. The auroral intensity pulsation at the possible THEMIS D (THD) footprints had frequency peaks at ∼0.1–0.2 Hz. The footprint of THD was in the poleward part of the proton aurora observed by a meridian-scanning photometer. After auroral pulsation began at ∼0842 UT, both THD and THEMIS E which was near THD in the mid-tail at 11.6–11.8 RE, observed enhanced field-aligned electron fluxes at energies of 1–10 keV. However, the amplitudes of whistler mode waves and electrostatic cyclotron harmonics (ECH) waves observed by THD with the highest sampling rate of 8 kHz were not significant, showing a marked contrast to the recent report of clear correlation between whistler mode waves and auroral pulsations observed at 5–9 RE. We suggest that the observed field-aligned electrons, which are probably caused by Fermi-type acceleration associated with earthward plasma flow in the mid-tail plasma sheet, are modulated by some wave processes to cause pulsating auroras.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-12-13
    Description: This study evaluates 3D cloud effects on the radiation budget with a combined use of active sensor CPR/CLOUDSAT and imager MODIS/AQUA data on the A-train. An algorithm is devised for constructing 3D cloud fields based on satellite-observed cloud information. The 3D cloud fields thus constructed are used to calculate the broadband solar and thermal radiative fluxes with a 3D radiative transfer code developed by the authors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cloud morphology on solar radiative transfer in cloudy atmosphere. For this purpose, 3D cloud fields are constructed with the new satellite-based method, to which full 3D-RT simulations are applied. The simulated 3D radiation fields are then used to examine and quantify errors of existing typical plane parallel approximations, i.e. Plane-Parallel Approximation (PPA), Independent Pixel Approximation (IPA) and Tilted Independent Pixel Approximation (TIPA). Such 3D-RT simulations also serve to address another objective of this study, i.e. to devise an accurate approximation and to characterize the observed specific 3D-RT effects by the cloud morphology based on knowledge of idealized 3D-RT effects. We introduce a modified approach based on an optimum value of diffusivity factor to better approximate the radiative fluxes for arbitrary solar zenith angle determined from the results of 3D radiative transfer simulations to redeem the overcorrections of these approximations for large Solar Zenith Angles (SZAs). This new approach, called Slant path Independent Pixel Approximation (SIPA), is found to be better than other approximations when SZA is large for some cloud cases. Based on the SZA dependence of the errors of these approximations relative to 3D computations, satellite-observed real cloud cases are found to fall into either of three types of different morphologies, i.e. isolated cloud type, upper cloud-roughened type and lower cloud-roughened type. Such a classification offers a novel insight into error characteristics of the approximations that are interpreted in the context of specific cloud morphology.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Ceramic Society.
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