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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of endoglycosidase F-peptidyl N-glycosidase F preparations on the surface components of the human erythrocyte
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 178 (1988), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0008-6215(88)80112-5
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Di-μ-chlorodichlorobis(η^4-tetrakis-p-methoxyphenylcyclobutadiene)dipallad ium: X-ray structure determination, spectroscopic properties, and reactions with nucleophiles
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 233 (1982), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-328X(00)85577-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 233 (1982), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-328X(00)85577-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rhesus (D) polypeptide is linked to the human erythrocyte cytoskeleton
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 174 (1984), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Antigen ; Cytoskeleton ; Erythrocyte ; Membrane protein ; Rhesus polypeptide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(84)81066-2
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  • 5
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    The timescale of the silicate weathering negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-09
    Description: The ultimate fate of CO 2 added to the ocean–atmosphere system is chemical reaction with silicate minerals and burial as marine carbonates. The timescale of this silicate weathering negative feedback on atmospheric p CO 2 will determine the duration of perturbations to the carbon cycle, be they geological release events or the current anthropogenic perturbation. However, there has been little previous work on quantifying the time-scale of the silicate weathering feedback, with the primary estimate of 300–400 kyr being traceable to an early box model study by Sundquist [1991]. Here we employ a representation of terrestrial rock weathering in conjunction with the ‘GENIE’ Earth System Model to elucidate the different timescales of atmospheric CO 2 regulation whilst including the main climate feedbacks on CO 2 uptake by the ocean. In this coupled model, the main dependencies of weathering – runoff, temperature and biological productivity – were driven from an energy-moisture balance atmosphere model and parameterized plant productivity. Long-term projections (1 Myr) were conducted for idealized scenarios of 1000 and 5000 PgC fossil fuel emissions and their sensitivity to different model parameters was tested. By fitting model output to a series of exponentials we determined the e -folding timescale for atmospheric CO 2 draw-down by silicate weathering to be ~240 kyr (range 170–380 kyr), significantly less than existing quantifications. Although the time-scales for re-equilibration of global surface temperature and surface ocean pH are similar to that for CO 2 , a much greater proportion of the peak temperature anomaly persists on this longest time-scale; ~21% compared to ~10% for CO 2 .
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Upper ocean oxygenation dynamics from I/Ca ratios during the Cenomanian–Turonian OAE 2 (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-15
    Description: Global warming lowers the solubility of gases in the ocean and drives an enhanced hydrological cycle with increased nutrient loads delivered to the oceans, leading to increases in organic production, the degradation of which causes a further decrease in dissolved oxygen. In extreme cases in the geological past, this trajectory has led to catastrophic marine oxygen depletion during so-called Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). How the water column oscillated between generally oxic conditions and local/global anoxia remains a challenging question, exacerbated by a lack of sensitive redox proxies, especially for the suboxic window. To address this problem, we use bulk carbonate I/Ca to reconstruct subtle redox changes in the upper ocean water column at seven sites recording the Cretaceous OAE 2. In general, I/Ca ratios were relatively low preceding and during the OAE interval, indicating deep suboxic or anoxic waters exchanging directly with near-surface waters. However, individual sites display a wide range of initial values and excursions in I/Ca through the OAE interval, reflecting the importance of local controls and suggesting a high spatial variability in redox state. Both I/Ca and an Earth System model suggest that the northeast proto-Atlantic had notably higher oxygen levels in the upper water column than the rest of the North Atlantic, indicating that anoxia was not global during OAE 2 and that important regional differences in redox conditions existed. A lack of correlation with calcium, lithium, and carbon isotope records suggests that neither enhanced global weathering nor carbon burial was a dominant control on the I/Ca proxy during OAE 2.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    How well do global ocean biogeochemistry models simulate dissolved iron distributions? (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-29
    Description: Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are relied upon to make projections about the impact of climate change on marine resources and test hypotheses regarding the drivers of past changes in climate and ecosystems. In large areas of the ocean, iron availability regulates the functioning of marine ecosystems and hence the ocean carbon cycle. Accordingly, our ability to quantify the drivers and impacts of fluctuations in ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling in space and time relies on first achieving an appropriate representation of the modern marine iron cycle in models. When the iron distributions from thirteen global ocean biogeochemistry models are compared against the latest oceanic sections from the GEOTRACES programme we find that all models struggle to reproduce many aspects of the observed spatial patterns. Models that reflect the emerging evidence for multiple iron sources or subtleties of its internal cycling perform much better in capturing observed features than their simpler contemporaries, particularly in the ocean interior. We show that the substantial uncertainty in the input fluxes of iron results in a very wide range of residence times across models, which has implications for the response of ecosystems and global carbon cycling to perturbations. Given this large uncertainty, iron-fertilisation experiments based on any single current generation model should be interpreted with caution. Improvements to how such models represent iron scavenging and also biological cycling are needed to raise confidence in their projections of global biogeochemical change in the ocean.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Assessing the controllability of Arctic sea ice extent by sulfate aerosol geoengineering (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: In an assessment of how Arctic sea ice cover could be remediated in a warming world, we simulated the injection of SO 2 into the Arctic stratosphere making annual adjustments to injection rates. We treated one climate model realisation as a surrogate ‘real world’ with imperfect ‘observations’ and no re-running or reference to control simulations. SO 2 injection rates were proposed using a novel model predictive control regime which incorporated a second simpler climate model to forecast ‘optimal’ decision pathways. Commencing the simulation in 2018, Arctic sea ice cover was remediated by 2043 and maintained until solar geoengineering was terminated. We found quantifying climate side effects problematic because internal climate variability hampered detection of regional climate changes beyond the Arctic. Nevertheless, through decision maker learning and the accumulation of at least 10 years’ time series data exploited through an annual review cycle, uncertainties in observations and forcings were successfully managed.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Changes in benthic ecosystems and ocean circulation in the Southeast Atlantic across Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) occurred ~1.8 Myr after the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and, like the PETM, was characterized by a negative carbon isotope excursion and warming. We combined benthic foraminiferal and sedimentological records for Southeast Atlantic Sites 1263 (1500 m paleodepth) and 1262 (3600 m paleodepth) to show that benthic foraminiferal diversity and accumulation rates declined more precipitously and severely at the shallower site during peak ETM2. As the sites are in close proximity, differences in surface productivity cannot have caused this differential effect. Instead, we infer that changes in ocean circulation across ETM2 may have produced more pronounced warming at intermediate depths (Site 1263). The effects of warming include increased metabolic rates, a decrease in effective food supply and increased deoxygenation, thus potentially explaining the more severe benthic impacts at Site 1263. In response, bioturbation may have decreased more at Site 1263 than at Site 1262, differentially affecting bulk carbonate records. We use a sediment-enabled Earth system model to test whether a reduction in bioturbation and/or the likely reduced carbonate saturation of more poorly ventilated waters can explain the more extreme excursion in bulk δ 13 C and sharper transition in wt% CaCO 3 at Site 1263. We find that both enhanced acidification and reduced bioturbation during the ETM2 peak are needed to account for the observed features. Our combined ecological and modelling analysis illustrates the potential role of ocean circulation changes in amplifying local environmental changes and driving temporary, but drastic, loss of benthic biodiversity and abundance.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    How warming and steric sea level rise relate to cumulative carbon emissions (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-13
    Description: Surface warming and steric sea level rise over the global ocean nearly linearly increase with cumulative carbon emissions for an atmosphere-ocean equilibrium, reached many centuries after emissions cease. Surface warming increases with cumulative emissions with a proportionality factor, ΔTsurface:2×CO2/(IB ln 2), ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 K (1000 PgC)−1 for surface air temperature, depending on the climate sensitivity ΔTsurface:2×CO2 and the buffered carbon inventory IB. Steric sea level rise similarly increases with cumulative emissions and depends on the climate sensitivity of the bulk ocean, ranging from 0.4 K to 2.7 K; a factor 0.4 ± 0.2 smaller than that for surface temperature based on diagnostics of two Earth System models. The implied steric sea level rise ranges from 0.7 m to 5 m for a cumulative emission of 5000 PgC, approached perhaps 500 years or more after emissions cease.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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