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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Equilibrium oxygen potential for the decomposition of YBa2Cu4O8 (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 511-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: On lowering the chemical potential of diatomic oxygen, the compound YBa2Cu4O8 was found to decompose into a mixture of YBa2Cu3O6+x and CuO. The equilibrium oxygen potential corresponding to this decomposition has been measured from 870 to 1150 K using a solid-state cell incorporating yttria-stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte and pure oxygen at a pressure of 1.01×105 Pa as the reference electrode: Pt, O'2||YBa2Cu4O8+YBa2Cu3O6+x+CuO(parallel)(Y2O3) ZrO2(parallel)O2(1.01×105 Pa), Pt. The low oxygen potential boundary for the stability of YBa2Cu4O8 can be represented by ΔμO2=−238 900+207.7 T(±800) J mol−1. At the standard pressure of oxygen (1.01×105 Pa) the decomposition occurs at 1150 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103635
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  • 2
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    Phosphoric Acid, Phosphates and Phosphatic Fertilizers (1953)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 1953-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Digitale ISSN: 1435-0661
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 3
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    Phosphoric Acid, Phosphates and Phosphatic Fertilizers (1953)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 1953-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Digitale ISSN: 1435-0645
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 4
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    Ultrastructural aspects of Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli) in continuous cell lines (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-04-29
    Beschreibung: ABSTRACT Cystoisospora belli is an opportunistic protozoan that causes human cystoisosporiasis, an infection characterized by diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. The lack of animal models susceptible to C. belli , and the difficulty in obtaining clinical samples with fair amounts of oocysts have limited the research pertaining to the basic biology of this parasite. This study aimed to describe the ultrastructure of endogenous stages of C. belli in Monkey Rhesus Kidney Cells (MK2) and Human Ileocecal Adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8). Zoites of C. belli exhibited typical morphological features of coccidia, which included a trilaminar pellicle, an apical complex formed by a conoid, polar rings, rhoptries, and micronemes, in addition to dense granules and the endoplasmic reticulum. No crystalloid body was observed but various lipid and amylopectin granules were usually present in the cytoplasm of zoites. We observed a tendency of the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell to be located near the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Merozoites were formed by endodyogeny and during replication, the apical complex of the mother cell remained intact. The formation of gametes or oocysts was not observed. The ultrastructural findings of C. belli are further evidence of its proximity to Sarcocystidae family members and corroborate their reclassification as Cystoisospora spp. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Digitale ISSN: 1097-0029
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 5
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    Characterization of humic-like substances in Arctic aerosols (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-23
    Beschreibung: Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a complex group of relatively high molecular weight organic compounds which contribute considerably to the mass of organic carbon (OC) and influence the light-absorbing properties of aerosols. In this work, HULIS were investigated for the first time in the high-Arctic atmosphere, focusing on the chemical characterization and mass contribution of HULIS to the total suspended particle (TSP) mass using weekly aerosol samples collected at Station Nord, north east Greenland every 4 th week during 2010. Average HULIS-C concentration was 11 ng C m -3 during the darker months (November - April) and 4 ng C m -3 during the other months (May - October) with an annual mass concentration of 0.02 ± 0.01 µg m -3 . HULIS-C contributed to 3 - 16 % of WSOC whereas HULIS accounted for 0.7 - 4.1 % of TSP mass, with TSP typically below 1.0 µg m -3 . Concentrations of OC, water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), HULIS, selected HULIS functional groups (carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and organosulfates) and levoglucosan overlapped with the typical Arctic haze pattern with elevated concentrations during winter - early spring. The aromatic carboxylic acid portion accounted for a larger share of total carboxylic acid of HULIS during the darker months (7%) compared to the brighter months (3%). The more abundant aromatic carboxylic acid functional groups and the moderate correlation between HULIS and levoglucosan concentrations during the darker months both indicate that biomass burning aerosols and thereby emissions of aromatic compounds could contribute to HULIS in the Arctic, especially during late winter. During the brighter months, relatively higher average molecular weight (AMW) of HULIS was observed.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Emissions and topographic effects on column CO2 (X CO2) variations, with a focus on the Southern California Megacity (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-08
    Beschreibung: Within the California South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB), X varies significantly due to atmospheric dynamics and the non-uniform distribution of sources. X measurements within the basin have seasonal variation compared to the “background” due primarily to dynamics, or the origins of air masses coming into the basin. We observe basin−background differences that are in close agreement for 3 observing systems: TCCON 2.3 ± 1.2ppm, OCO-2 2.4 ± 1.5ppm, and GOSAT 2.4 ± 1.6ppm (errors are 1 σ ). We further observe persistent significant differences (∼0.9ppm) in X between two TCCON sites located only 9km apart within the SoCAB. We estimate 20% (±1 σ CI: 0%, 58%) of the variance is explained by a difference in elevation using a full physics and emissions model, and 36% (±1 σ CI: 10%, 101%) using a simple, fixed mixed layer model. This effect arises in the presence of a sharp gradient in CO 2 (or another species) between the mixed layer (ML) and free troposphere. Column differences between nearby locations arise when the change in elevation is greater than the change in ML height. This affects the fraction of atmosphere that is in the ML above each site. We show that such topographic effects produce significant variation in X across the SoCAB as well.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of HULIS from different environments (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-28
    Beschreibung: Humic-like substances (HULIS) constitute a significant fraction of aerosol particles in different environments. Studies of the role of HULIS in hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosol particles are scarce, and results differ significantly. In this work the hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of water extracts (WE) and HULIS extracted from particulate matter (PM) collected at a polluted urban site (Copenhagen, Denmark), a rural site (Melpitz, Germany) and the remote site Storm Peak Laboratory (Colorado, USA) were investigated. Measurements of inorganic ions, elemental carbon, organic carbon and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) within the PM confirmed that the sources of aerosol particles most likely differed for the three samples. The hygroscopic properties of the filtered WE were characterized by hygroscopicity parameters for subsaturated conditions (κGF) of 0.25, 0.41 and 0.22, and for supersaturated conditions κCCN were 0.23, 0.29 and 0.22 respectively for the urban, rural and remote WE samples. The measured hygroscopic growth and CCN activity were almost identical for the three HULIS samples and could be well represented by κGF = 0.07 and κCCN = 0.08–0.10 respectively. Small amounts of inorganic ions were present in the HULIS samples so the actual values for pure HULIS are expected to be slightly lower (κGF* = 0.04–0.06 and κCCN* = 0.07–0.08). The HULIS samples are thus less hygroscopic compared to most previous studies. To aid direct comparison of hygroscopic properties of HULIS from different studies, we recommend that the fraction of inorganic species in the HULIS samples always is measured and reported.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Thermal and mechanical response of particulate composite plates under inertial excitation (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-25
    Beschreibung: The thermal and mechanical, near-resonant responses of particulate composite plates formed from hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder and varying volume ratios of ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) particles (50, 65, 75%) are investigated. Each test specimen is clamped and forced with three levels of band-limited, white noise inertial excitation (10–1000 Hz at 1.00, 1.86 and 2.44 g RMS). The mechanical response of each plate is recorded via scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. The plates are then excited at a single resonant frequency and the thermal response is recorded via infrared thermography. Comparisons are made between the mechanical operational deflection shapes of each plate and spatial temperature distributions, with correlation seen between the observed level of strain, as visualized by strain energy density, and heat generation. The effect of particle/binder ratio on both the thermal and mechanical responses is discussed. Acquired results are also compared to an analytical model of the system. The observed thermomechanical effects render an improved understanding of the thermomechanics of plastic-bonded composites, an essential step in support of the development of new technologies for the vapor-based detection of hidden explosives.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7550
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Agrochemicals indirectly increase survival of E. coli O157:H7 and indicator bacteria by reducing ecosystem services (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-01
    Beschreibung: Storm water and agricultural runoff frequently contain agrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and zoonotic pathogens. Entry of such contaminants into aquatic ecosystems may affect ecology and human health. This study tested the hypothesis that the herbicide atrazine and the fungicide chlorothalonil indirectly affect the survival of FIB (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and a pathogen (E. coli O157:H7) by altering densities of protozoan predators or by altering competition from autochthonous bacteria. Streptomycin-resistant E. coli, En. faecalis, and E. coli O157:H7 were added to microcosms composed of Florida river water containing natural protozoan and bacterial populations. FIB, pathogen, and protozoan densities were monitored over six days. Known metabolic inhibitors, cycloheximide and streptomycin, were used to inhibit autochthonous protozoa or bacteria, respectively. The inhibitors made it possible to isolate the effects of predation or competition on survival of allochthonous bacteria, and each treatment increased the survival of FIB and pathogens. Chlorothalonil's effect was similar to that of cycloheximide, significantly reducing protozoan densities and elevating densities of FIB and pathogens relative to the control. Atrazine treatment did not affect protozoan densities, but, through an effect on competition, resulted in significantly greater densities of En. faecalis and E. coli O157:H7. Hence, by reducing predaceous protozoa and bacterial competitors that facilitate purifying water bodies of FIBs and human pathogens, chlorothalonil and atrazine indirectly diminished an ecosystem service of fresh water. # doi:10.1890/13-1242.1
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Digitale ISSN: 1939-5582
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    Field Experiments with Alkylation‐Acid Superphosphate 1 (1944)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 1944-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Digitale ISSN: 1435-0645
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Wiley
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