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  • 1
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    In situ Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Characterization of Three Milrinone Tetrazolyl Complexes (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-13
    Description: Abstract. In situ [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of milrinone [= 3-cyano-6-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-2-pyridone] with sodium azide in the presence of MnCl 2 · 4H 2 O, FeSO 4 · 7H 2 O, or CoCl 2 · 6H 2 O as Lewis acids, gave three new complexes {[Mn(Mitz) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] · (H 2 O)} ( 1 ), {[Fe(Mitz) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] · (H 2 O)} ( 2 ), and {[Co(Mitz) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] · (H 2 O)} ( 3 ) [Mitz = 3-tetrazole-6-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-2-pyridone]. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction analyses show that complexes 1 – 3 have isomorphous structures. The central metal atoms in these complexes are hexacoordinated and connected by two water molecules, two nitrogen atoms from different tetrazolyl groups, and two oxygen atoms from carbonyl functions respectively. The fluorescent emission spectrum of 1 in the solid-state at room temperature shows a maximal emission peak at 365 nm.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Endogenous CSE/H2S system mediates TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-19
    Description: Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has been found that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes. We have hypothesized that TNF-α-induced insulin resistance is involved in endogenous H 2 S generation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of endogenous H 2 S in TNF-α-induced insulin resistance by studying 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNF-α leads to deficiency in insulin-stimulated glucose consumption and uptake and increase in endogenous H 2 S generation. We show that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) is catalysed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to generate H 2 S and that CSE expression and activity are upregulated by TNF-α treatment. Inhibited CSE by its potent inhibitors significantly attenuates TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas H 2 S treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes impairs insulin-stimulated glucose consumption and uptake. These data indicate that endogenous CSE/H 2 S system contributes to TNF-α-caused insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings suggest that modulation of CSE/H 2 S system is a potential therapeutic avenue for insulin resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Alkaloids from the Stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-18
    Description: A new simple carbazole alkaloid, 4-(7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9 H -carbazol-4-yl)but-3-en-2-one ( 1 ), and two new dimeric carbazole alkaloids, bisglybomine B ( 2 ) and biscarbalexine A ( 3 ), together with seven known alkaloids, were isolated from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR techniques.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    The m–t Transformation and Twinning Analysis of Hot-Pressed Sintered 3YSZ Ceramics (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-01
    Description: Microstructures of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) with different content of TiN were investigated in this study by XRD, SEM, and TEM. The specimens were hot-pressing sintered at 1450°C for 2.5 h under 50 MPa in vacuum, and then further characterized on microstructure change and phase distribution. The TiN added to 3YSZ can suppress tetragonal ( t ) to monoclinic ( m )-3YSZ phase transformations, reduce 3YSZ grain size, and improve its mechanical properties. The ceramic was formed of homogeneously dispersed 3YSZ and TiN grains with average size of 0.7 and 1 μm, respectively. The coexistence of t - and m -phases was observed in one grain, and the nucleation of m -phase with acicular twin occurred preferentially at grain boundaries of t -phase. The TEM analysis was focused on the 3YSZ–30 wt% TiN specimens in order to identify the relationships between t - and m -structures, and twin structures of m -phase. Two crystallographic relations of t - to m -transformation are (100) m //(110) t , [010] m //[001] t in type I, and (100) m //(110) t , [001] m //[001] t in the type II. The acicular (100) m and lathlike (110) m twins in m -phase were also observed.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Permafrost zonation index map and statistics over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on field evidence (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Permafrost is prevalent over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), but mapping its distribution is challenging due to the limited availability of ground‐truth data sets and strong spatial heterogeneity in the region. Based on a recently developed inventory of permafrost presence or absence from 1475 in situ observations, we developed and trained a statistical model and used it to compile a high‐resolution (30 arc‐seconds) permafrost zonation index (PZI) map. The PZI model captures the high spatial variability of permafrost distribution over the QTP because it considers multiple controlling variables, including near‐surface air temperature downscaled from re‐analysis, snow cover days and vegetation cover derived from remote sensing. Our results showed the new PZI map achieved the best performance compared to available existing PZI and traditional categorical maps. Based on more than 1000 in situ measurements, the Cohen's kappa coefficient and overall classification accuracy were 0.62 and 82.5%, respectively. Excluding glaciers and lakes, the area of permafrost regions over the QTP is approximately 1.54 (1.35–1.66) ×106 km2, or 60.7 (54.5–65.2)% of the exposed land, while area underlain by permafrost is about 1.17 (0.95–1.35) ×106 km2, or 46 (37.3–53.0)%.
    Print ISSN: 1045-6740
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1530
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of microvasculature at the auditory midbrain –the benefits of sectioning at a tangential angle (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-29
    Description: ABSTRACT Vascular remodeling in the brain occurs as a plastic change following neural over-activity. The auditory midbrain (or inferior colliculus, IC) is an ideal place to study sound-induced vascular changes because it is the brain's most vascularized structure and it is tonotopically organized. However, its micro-vascular pattern remains poorly understood. Since the IC is a sphere-like structure, the histological assessment of vasculature could depend on the angle of sectioning. Here, we studied the effects of cutting the IC at different angles on microvascular assessment, specifically: micro-vascular density and the shape of microvascular lumen. Photomicrographs were taken from 5 µm toluidine blue-stained histological sections obtained at two angles of sectioning: (a) the conventional coronal sectioning, and (b) a novel “tangential” sectioning (tangential to the dorso-medial surface of the IC). Results showed that the tangential sections, in comparison with the coronal sections, yielded (a) a higher count of micro-vascular density and (b) a higher proportion of round-shaped micro-vascular lumens. This discrepancy in results between two cut angles is likely related to the spatial pattern of blood vessels supplying the IC. We propose that the tangential sectioning should be adopted as standard for the accurate study of microvasculature in the IC. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    Shear wave splitting discloses two episodes of collision‐related convergence in western North America (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Seismic anisotropy imposes first‐order constraints on the strain history of crust and upper mantle rocks. In this study, we analyze the mantle seismic anisotropy of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin using a new shear wave spitting dataset consisting of 1333 teleseismic arrivals from 82 seismic stations. The resulting 332 high quality measurements yield a regional mean apparent splitting time (i.e., the magnitude of anisotropy) of 1.1 ± 0.3 sec and an average fast orientation (i.e., the direction of anisotropy) of 54.6 ± 17.2°, which favor a two‐layer anisotropic model based on the 90° back‐azimuthal periodicity in both parameters. The northeast‐trending fast orientations dominate the lower layer at lithospheric depths and are approximately parallel to the present‐day absolute plate motions (APMs) (i.e., 〈 35°) due to the active asthenospheric flow. On the other hand, deviations from the APMs along the Canadian Rocky Mountain foothills could reflect disrupted mantle flow surrounding a southwestward migrating cratonic lithosphere. Also revealed are two elongated upper‐layer anisotropic anomalies in the lithosphere that are spatially correlated with Moho depths. Their characteristics suggest frozen‐in anisotropy imprinted along two convergent boundaries: (1) the Paleoproterozoic Snowbird Tectonic Zone that separates northeast (north) from northwest (south) fast directions, and (2) the foothills of the Rocky Mountains that exhibit northeast‐trending orientations consistent with those of the APMs, maximum crustal stress and electromagnetic anisotropy. Compressions associated with the Cordilleran orogenesis could be responsible for the spatial changes in the shear wave anisotropy from the foothills to the cratonic interior.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Numerical simulation of oxy‐fuel combustion characteristics in a 200 MWe coal‐fired boiler (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Oxy‐fuel combustion in coal‐fired plants has become one of the most promising technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Because of the obvious difference between the oxy‐fuel combustion medium (O2/CO2) and air in the atmosphere (O2/N2), the characteristics of combustion, heat transfer, etc., under oxy‐fuel combustion have changed greatly from those under air combustion. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate pulverized coal combustion in a 200 MWe tangentially fired oxy‐fuel combustion boiler. Improved models for the gas radiative properties and chemical reaction mechanisms were incorporated into the CFD code. Both conventional air‐fired and oxy‐fuel combustion were operated. Different flue gas recycling patterns (dry recycling and wet recycling) were also investigated. The temperature distribution in the furnace, the temperature field, and the CO concentration field in each scheme were analyzed, this being relevant to the design of oxy‐fuel combustion boilers. It was found that combustion could form a good tangential circle and stable temperature field in the furnace either under air‐fired or oxy‐fule combustion conditions. The temperature under oxy‐fuel combustion was lower than with air combustion. The burnout rate under the air condition was lower than that with the oxy‐fuel combustion condition. With oxy‐fuel combustion, it is necessary to pay special attention to the slagging tendency of the primary combustion zone in the furnace. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Electronic ISSN: 2152-3878
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 9
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    Identification of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and Shared with Liver and Brain (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Description: PBMCs are essential for immunity and involved in various diseases. To identify genetic variations contributing to PBMCs transcriptome-wide gene expression, we performed a genome-wide eQTL analysis by using genome-wide SNPs data and transcriptome-wide mRNA expression data. To assess whether there are common regulation patterns shared among different tissues/organs, public datasets were utilized to identify common eQTLs shared with PBMCs in lymphoblastoid, monocytes, liver, and brain. Allelic expression imbalance (AEI) assay was employed to validate representative eQTLs identified. We identified 443 cis- and 2,386 trans- eSNPs (FDR 〈 0.05), which regulated 128 and 635 target genes, respectively. A transcriptome-wide expression regulation network was constructed, highlighting the importance of 28 pleiotropic eSNPs and 18 dually (cis- and trans-) regulated genes. Three genes, i.e., TIPRL, HSPB8 and EGLN3, were commonly regulated by hundreds of eSNPs and constituted a very complex interaction network. Strikingly, the missense SNP rs371513 trans- regulated 25 target genes, which were functionally related to poly(A) RNA binding. Among 8,904 eQTLs (p 〈 0.001) identified herein in PBMCs, a minority (163) was overlapped with lymphoblastoid, monocytes, liver, and/or brain. Besides, two cis- eSNPs in PBMC were confirmed by AEI. The present results demonstrated a comprehensive expression regulation network for human PBMCs and may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of immunological diseases related to PBMCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    MiR-145-5p inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMC through regulating AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16 (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-15
    Description: The main pathological characteristics of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) are diffuse mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. Our previous studies have confirmed that miR-145-5p was abnormally elevated in CGN rats, but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of miR-145-5p in regulation of renal mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. In vivo study, the cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA)-induced CGN rat model was established, and the content of miR-145-5p in renal was examined by qRT-PCR, meanwhile, we also determined the renal function and inflammatory infiltrate. In vitro , the cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and inflammatory changes of rat mesangial cells (RMCs) were measured. Our results suggested that miR-145-5p extended the G0-G1 phase, shortened S phase, inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed inflammatory responses in RMCs. Moreover, miR-145-5p inhibited CXCL16 protein expression through binding the 3'-UTR of CXCL16, suppressed AKT/GSK signaling pathway, and decreased expression of inflammation related mRNAs, such as IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNAs. Further, locking CXCL16 alleviated inflammatory reactions and down-regulated AKT/GSK pathway in RMCs. Above all, we concluded that miR-145-5p inhibited proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMCs through regulation of AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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