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  • 1
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    Insulators and boundaries: versatile regulatory elements in the eukaryotic genome (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, A C -- West, A G -- Felsenfeld, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):447-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry/*genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; *Genome ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Vertebrates/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    In reply: molecule of the year (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Interfacial polygonal nanopatterning of stable microbubbles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Micrometer-sized bubbles are unstable and therefore difficult to make and store for substantial lengths of time. Short-term stabilization is achieved by the addition of amphiphilic molecules, which reduce the driving force for dissolution. When these molecules crystallize on the air/liquid interface, the lifetime of individual bubbles may extend over a few months. We demonstrated low gas-fraction dispersions with mean bubble radii of less than 1 micrometer and stability lasting more than a year. An insoluble, self-assembled surfactant layer covers the surface of the microbubbles, which can result in nanometer-scale hexagonal patterning that we explain with thermodynamic and molecular models. The elastic response of the interface arrests the shrinkage of the bubbles. Our study identifies a route to fabricate highly stable dispersions of microbubbles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dressaire, Emilie -- Bee, Rodney -- Bell, David C -- Lips, Alex -- Stone, Howard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1198-201. doi: 10.1126/science.1154601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Fear and food: Effects of predator‐derived chemical cues and stoichiometric food quality on Daphnia (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract While resource quality and predator‐derived chemical cues can each have profound effects on zooplankton populations and their function in ecosystems, the strength and direction of their interactive effects remain unclear. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how stoichiometric food quality (i.e., algal carbon [C] : phosphorus [P] ratios) affects responses of the zooplankter, Daphnia pulicaria, to predator‐derived chemical cues. We compared growth rates, body P content, metabolic rates, life‐history shifts, and survival of differentially P‐nourished Daphnia in the presence and absence of chemical cues derived from fish predators. We found effects of predator cues and/or stoichiometric food quality on all measured traits of Daphnia. Exposure to fish cues led to reduced growth and increased metabolic rates but had little effect on the body %P content of Daphnia. Elevated algal C : P ratios reduced growth and body %P and increased mass‐specific respiration rates. While most of the effects of predator cues and algal C : P ratios of Daphnia were non‐interactive, reduced survival and relatedly reduced population growth rates that resulted from P‐poor food were amplified in the presence of predator‐derived cues. Our results demonstrate that stoichiometric food quality interacts with antipredator responses of Daphnia, but these effects are largely trait dependent and appear connected to animal life‐history evolution. Given the ubiquity of predators and P‐poor food in lake ecosystems, our results highlight the importance of the interactive responses of animals to predator cues and poor nutrition.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 5
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    Alkali-stabilized Pt-OHx species catalyze low-temperature water-gas shift reactions (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: We report that alkali ions (sodium or potassium) added in small amounts activate platinum adsorbed on alumina or silica for the low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (H(2)O + CO --〉 H(2) + CO(2)) used for producing H(2). The alkali ion-associated surface OH groups are activated by CO at low temperatures (~100 degrees C) in the presence of atomically dispersed platinum. Both experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations suggest that a partially oxidized Pt-alkali-O(x)(OH)(y) species is the active site for the low-temperature Pt-catalyzed WGS reaction. These findings are useful for the design of highly active and stable WGS catalysts that contain only trace amounts of a precious metal without the need for a reducible oxide support such as ceria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhai, Yanping -- Pierre, Danny -- Si, Rui -- Deng, Weiling -- Ferrin, Peter -- Nilekar, Anand U -- Peng, Guowen -- Herron, Jeffrey A -- Bell, David C -- Saltsburg, Howard -- Mavrikakis, Manos -- Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1633-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1192449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Detection of Berry's phase in a Bulk Rashba semiconductor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: The motion of electrons in a solid has a profound effect on its topological properties and may result in a nonzero Berry's phase, a geometric quantum phase encoded in the system's electronic wave function. Despite its ubiquity, there are few experimental observations of Berry's phase of bulk states. Here, we report detection of a nontrivial pi Berry's phase in the bulk Rashba semiconductor BiTeI via analysis of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect. The extremely large Rashba splitting in this material enables the separation of SdH oscillations, stemming from the spin-split inner and outer Fermi surfaces. For both Fermi surfaces, we observe a systematic pi-phase shift in SdH oscillations, consistent with the theoretically predicted nontrivial pi Berry's phase in Rashba systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakawa, H -- Bahramy, M S -- Tokunaga, M -- Kohama, Y -- Bell, C -- Kaneko, Y -- Nagaosa, N -- Hwang, H Y -- Tokura, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1490-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1242247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (Center for Emergent Matter Science), Wako 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Prevalence and genetic diversity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Central African island and continental amphibian communities (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-23
    Description: The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) infects hundreds of amphibian species and is implicated in global amphibian declines. Bd is comprised of several lineages that differ in pathogenicity, thus, identifying which Bd strains are present in a given amphibian community is essential for understanding host–pathogen dynamics. The presence of Bd has been confirmed in Central Africa, yet vast expanses of this region have not yet been surveyed for Bd prevalence, and the genetic diversity of Bd is largely unknown in this part of the world. Using retrospective surveys of museum specimens and contemporary field surveys, we estimated the prevalence of Bd in Central African island and continental amphibian assemblages, and genotyped strains of Bd present in each community. Our sampling of museum specimens included just a few individuals collected in the Gulf of Guinea archipelago prior to 1998, yet one of these individuals was Bd -positive indicating that the pathogen has been on Bioko Island since 1966. We detected Bd across all subsequent sample years in our study and found modest support for a relationship between host life history and Bd prevalence, a positive relationship between prevalence and host community species richness, and no significant relationship between elevation and prevalence. The Global Panzootic Lineage ( Bd GPL) was present in all the island and continental amphibian communities we surveyed. Our results are consistent with a long-term and widespread distribution of Bd in amphibian communities of Gabon and the Gulf of Guinea archipelago. We find that Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) is widespread in Central African amphibian communities with retrospective surveys of museum specimens detecting Bd on Bioko Island as early as 1966. Bd prevalence increases with host species richness in island and continental amphibian communities. The Bd Global Panzootic Lineage was present in all island and continental communities surveyed.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    An efference copy which is modified by reafferent input (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: In electric fish of the mormyrid family, an efference copy is present in the brain region that receives afferent input from ampullary electroreceptors. The efference copy is elicited by the motor command to fire the electric organ. Its effect is always opposite that the ampullary afferents responding to the electric organ discharge, and it changes to match variations in this afferent input. It probably reduces the central effects of activity in ampullary receptors evoked by the electric organ discharge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):450-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Proprioception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Lineage-dependent spatial and functional organization of the mammalian enteric nervous system (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-19
    Description: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is essential for digestive function and gut homeostasis. Here we show that the amorphous neuroglia networks of the mouse ENS are composed of overlapping clonal units founded by postmigratory neural crest–derived progenitors. The spatial configuration of ENS clones depends on proliferation-driven local interactions of ENS progenitors with lineally unrelated neuroectodermal cells, the ordered colonization of the serosa-mucosa axis by clonal descendants, and gut expansion. Single-cell transcriptomics and mutagenesis analysis delineated dynamic molecular states of ENS progenitors and identified RET as a regulator of neurogenic commitment. Clonally related enteric neurons exhibit synchronous activity in response to network stimulation. Thus, lineage relationships underpin the organization of the peripheral nervous system.
    Keywords: Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    T cell-mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The microbiota influences obesity, yet organisms that protect from disease remain unknown. During studies interrogating host-microbiota interactions, we observed the development of age-associated metabolic syndrome (MetS). Expansion of 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 and loss of Clostridia were key features associated with obesity in this model and are present in humans with MetS. T cell–dependent events were required to prevent disease, and replacement of Clostridia rescued obesity. Inappropriate immunoglobulin A targeting of Clostridia and increased 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 antagonized the colonization of beneficial Clostridia. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed enhanced lipid absorption in the obese host. Colonization of germ-free mice with Clostridia, but not 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉, down-regulated genes that control lipid absorption and reduced adiposity. Thus, immune control of the microbiota maintains beneficial microbial populations that constrain lipid metabolism to prevent MetS.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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