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  • 1
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    Seismic transect across the Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges: Constraints on the geological evolution of the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: [1]  We report on seismic and petrological data that provide new constraints on the geological evolution of the Amerasia Basin. A seismic reflection profile across the Makarov Basin, located between the Mendeleev and Lomonosov ridges, shows a complete undisturbed sedimentary section of Mesozoic/Cenozoic age. In contrast to the Mendeleev Ridge, the margin of the Lomonosov Ridge is wide and shows horst and graben structures. We suggest that the Mendeleev Ridge is most likely volcanic in origin and support this finding with a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar isotopic age for a tholeitic basalt sampled from the central Alpha/Mendeleev Ridge. Seismic reflection data for the Makarov Basin show no evidence of compressional features consistent with the Lomonosov Ridge moving as a microplate in the Cenozoic. We propose that the Amerasia Basin moved as a single tectonic plate during the opening of the Eurasia Basin.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Constraints on past plate and mantle motion from new ages for the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Estimates of the relative motion between the Hawaiian and Louisville hotspots have consequences for understanding the role and character of deep Pacific-mantle return flow. The relative motion between these primary hotspots can be inferred by comparing the age records for their seamount trails. We report 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for 18 lavas from 10 seamounts along the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain (HESC), showing that volcanism started in the sharp portion of the Hawaiian-Emperor Bend (HEB) at ≥47.5 Ma and continued for ≥5 Myr. The slope of the along-track distance from the currently active Hawaiian hotspot plotted versus age is constant (57±2 km/Myr) between ~57 and 25 Ma in the central ~1900 km of the seamount chain, including the HEB. This model predicts an age for the oldest Emperor Seamounts that matches published ages, implying that a linear age-distance relationship might extend back to at least 82 Ma. In contrast, Hawaiian age progression was much faster since at least ~15 Ma and possibly as early as ~27 Ma. Linear age-distance relations for the Hawaii-Emperor and Louisville seamount chains predict ~300 km overall hotspot relative motion between 80 and 47.5 Ma, in broad agreement with numerical models of plumes in a convecting mantle, and paleomagnetic data We show that a change in hotspot relative motion may also have occurred between ~55 Ma and ~50 Ma. We interpret this change in hotspot motion as evidence that the HEB reflects a combination of hotspot and plate motion changes driven by the same plate/mantle reorganization.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    A crustal model for northern Melville Bay, Baffin Bay (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: The interpretation of seismic refraction and gravity data acquired in 2010 gives new insights into the crustal structure of the West Greenland coast and the adjacent deep central Baffin Bay basin. Underneath Melville Bay, the depth of the Moho varies between 26 to 17 km. Stretched continental crust with a thickness of 25 to 14 km and deep sedimentary basins are present in this area. The deep Melville Bay Graben contains an up to ~11 km thick infill of consolidated and unconsolidated sediments with velocities of 1.6 to 4.9 km/s. Seawards, at the ~60 km wide transition between oceanic and stretched continental crust, a mount-shaped magmatic structure is observed, which most likely formed prior to the initial formation of oceanic crust. The up to 4 km high magmatic structure is underlain by a ~2 km thick and ~50 km wide high velocity lower crust. More to the west, in the oceanic part of the Baffin Bay basin, we identify a 2-layered, 3.5 to 6 km thin igneous oceanic crust with increasing thickness toward the shelf. Beneath the oceanic crust, the depth of the Moho ranges between 11.5 and 13.5 km. In the western part of the profile, oceanic layer 3 is unusually thin (~1.5 km) A possible explanation for the thin crust is accretion due to slow spreading, although the basement is notably smooth compared to the basement of other regions formed by ultra-slow spreading. The oceanic crust is underlain by partly serpentinized upper mantle with velocities of 7.6 to 7.8 km/s.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Seismic gap beneath Logachev seamount: indicator for melt focusing at an ultraslow mid-ocean ridge? (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: [1]  Ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges have a low magma budget and melt is distributed unevenly along the ridge axis. There is little or no basaltic crust between isolated magmatic centers. The processes that focus melts to segments of robust magmatism are not yet understood. During a seismic survey of the ultraslow spreading Knipovich Ridge in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea with ocean bottom seismometers, we discovered a seismic gap in the upper mantle beneath Logachev Seamount, where micro-earthquakes clearly delineate a shallowing of the maximum depth of faulting. A topography of the lithosphere that allows melts to travel laterally along its base and rise in areas of thin lithosphere has been proposed as possible mechanism to explain the focusing of melts at volcanic centers, but has never been confirmed observationally. Our results are the first geophysical evidence for an along-axis variation of the lithospheric thickness at an ultraslow spreading ridge.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Tectonic and sedimentary structures in the Northern Chukchi Region, Arctic Ocean (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-10
    Description: [1]  The interpretation of tectonic and sedimentary structures in the northern Chukchi region, Arctic Ocean, is important to enhance our understanding of the tectonic evolution of this region. Therefore, multi-channel seismic lines as well as seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction data were acquired in the northern Chukchi region during the RV Polarstern ARK-XXIII/3 summer expedition in 2008. These data have been processed and interpreted for the three main geological provinces (Chukchi Plateau, Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Mendeleev Ridge) to describe the sedimentary and basement structures of the northern Chukchi region. Furthermore, using the age control of five exploration wells drilled near the coast of Alaska in combination with additional seismic reflection lines located on the Chukchi Shelf, we were able to date sediment horizons within the research area. In total, six sediment horizons with ages between Barremian/Hauterivian and the Top Miocene were identified. Especially the Top Oligocene horizon forms a pronounce unconformity on the Chukchi Plateau and on the Mendeleev Ridge flanks. The origin of this unconformity can be associated with the opening of the Fram Strait indicating a significant change in the Arctic Ocean current system.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Deep-water palaeo-iceberg scouring on top of Hovgaard Ridge – Arctic Ocean (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Description: In multibeam echosounder and sub-bottom profiler data acquired during RV Polarstern cruise ARK-VII/3a from the Hovgaard Ridge (Fram Strait), we found evidence for very deep (〉1200 m) iceberg scouring. Five elongated seafloor features have been detected that are interpreted to be iceberg scours. The scours are oriented in north-south/south-north direction and are about 15 m deep, 300 m wide, and 4 km long crossing the entire width of the ridge. They are attributed to multiple giant palaeo-icebergs that most probably left the Arctic Ocean southward through Fram Strait. The huge keel-depths are indicative of ice sheets extending into the Arctic Ocean being at least 1200 m thick at the calving front during glacial maxima. The deep St Anna Trough or grounded ice observed at the East Siberian Continental Margin are likely source regions of these icebergs that delivered freshwater to the Nordic Seas.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Seismostratigraphy of the Siberian sector of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Laptev Sea Shelf (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-13
    Description: A new seismostratigraphic model has been established within the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the East Siberian Shelf on the basis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired along a transect at 81°N. Ages for the sedimentary units were estimated via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the US Chukchi Shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. Two distinct seismic units were mapped throughout the area and are the constraints for dating the remaining strata. The lower marker unit, a pronounced high-amplitude reflector sequence (HARS), is the most striking stratigraphic feature over large parts of the Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by the gradual opening of the Fram Strait, and a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the HARS likely marks the end of Oligocene/early Miocene (23 Ma). An age estimate for the base of the sequence is less clear, but likely corresponds to base of Eocene (˜56 Ma). The second marked unit detected on the seismic lines parallels the seafloor with a thickness of about 200 ms two-way travel time (160 m). Its base is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high-amplitude reflectors above. This interface likely marks the transition to large-scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere, and, therefore, is ascribed to the top Miocene (5.3 Ma).
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Relative sea level variations in the Chukchi region - Arctic Ocean - since the late Eocene (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-27
    Description: ABSTRACT [1]  Relative sea level (RSL) variations are a result of tectonic activity, changing of the water volume in ocean basins (e.g. due to increasing/decreasing of ice volume, evaporation) and variations in regional to global climate, which influence erosional processes and material transport. We present multi-channel seismic data combined with dated sediment horizons from the Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean. Based on a series of prograding sequences in the upper 4 km of sediments and the method of seismic sequence stratigraphy, we introduce the first RSL curve for the Chukchi region, beginning in the late Eocene (40 Ma). The comparison of the Chukchi RSL curve with the global RSL curve shows that RSL lowering events in the Chukchi region do not correlate with global events for the Eocene/Oligocene - early Miocene. Between the Eocene/Oligocene and the late Oligocene, the Chukchi RSL variations were small (〈 100 m). Since the late Oligocene the Chukchi RSL increased until the opening of the Fram Strait in the early Miocene. We show that the Chukchi RSL variations are representative for the Arctic Ocean, and conclude that the Arctic Ocean was an isolated basin for the Eocene/Oligocene - early Miocene.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Seismostratigraphy of the Siberian Sector of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Laptev Sea Shelf (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, Wiley, 119(7), pp. 5275-5289, ISSN: 2169-9356
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-18
    Description: A new seismostratigraphic model has been established within the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the East Siberian Shelf on the basis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired along a transect at 81°N. Ages for the sedimentary units were estimated via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the US Chukchi Shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. Two distinct seismic units were mapped throughout the area and are the constraints for dating the remaining strata. The lower marker unit, a pronounced high-amplitude reflector sequence (HARS), is the most striking stratigraphic feature over large parts of the Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably, it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by the gradual opening of the Fram Strait, and a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the HARS likely marks the end of Oligocene/early Miocene (23Ma). An age estimate for the base of the sequence is less clear but likely corresponds to base of Eocene (˜56Ma). The second marked unit detected on the seismic lines parallels the seafloor with a thickness of about 200ms two-way travel time (160 m). Its base is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high-amplitude reflectors above. This interface likely marks the transition to large-scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere and therefore is ascribed to the top Miocene (5.3 Ma).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    A crustal model for northern Melville Bay, Baffin Bay (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, Wiley, 119(119), pp. 8610-8632, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-16
    Description: The interpretation of seismic refraction and gravity data acquired in 2010 gives new insights into the crustal structure of the West Greenland coast and the adjacent deep central Baffin Bay basin. Underneath Melville Bay, the depth of the Moho varies between 26 to 17 km. Stretched continental crust with a thickness of 25 to 14 km and deep sedimentary basins are present in this area. The deep Melville Bay Graben contains an up to ~11km thick infill of consolidated and unconsolidated sediments with velocities of 1.6 to 4.9 km/s. Seawards, at the ~60 km wide transition between oceanic and stretched continental crust, a mount-shaped magmatic structure is observed, which most likely formed prior to the initial formation of oceanic crust. The up to 4 km high magmatic structure is underlain by a ~2 km thick and ~50 km wide high velocity lower crust. More to the west, in the oceanic part of the Baffin Bay basin, we identify a 2-layered, 3.5 to 6 km thin igneous oceanic crust with increasing thickness toward the shelf. Beneath the oceanic crust, the depth of the Moho ranges between 11.5 and 13.5 km. In the western part of the profile, oceanic layer 3 is unusually thin (~1.5 km) A possible explanation for the thin crust is accretion due to slow spreading, although the basement is notably smooth compared to the basement of other regions formed by ultra-slow spreading. The oceanic crust is underlain by partly serpentinized upper mantle with velocities of 7.6 to 7.8 km/s.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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