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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incipient fluidization at different temperatures and powder characterization (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 500-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of covalent carbon - nitride solids: Alternatives to diamond? (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060614
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stress (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 1004-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: mammalian cell ; disruption ; shear stress ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using mechanical cell properties measured by micromanipulation, and a model of cell distortion in laminar flow fields, a method has been developed for predicting disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stresses. Predictions of the model were compared with measured losses of cell number and viability of TB/C3 murine hybridomas sheared in a cone and plate viscometer at shear rates up to 3950 s-1, and shear stresses up to 600 Nm-2, achieved by enhancement of viscosity with dextran. In all cases, the experimental, results and predictions were within 30%. Such excellent agreement suggests it might be possible to use micromanipulation measurements of animal cell mechanical properties to predict cell damage in more complex flow fields, such as those in bioreactors. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle and cell size dependence of susceptibility to hydrodynamic forces (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell cycle ; hydrodynamic forces ; apoptosis ; cell culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure of animal cells to intense hydrodynamic forces exerted in turbulent capillary flow, and by controiled agitation and aeration, resulted in preferential destruction of S and G2 cells and the extent of destruction of these cells was dependent upon the intensity of the action. The loss of these cells was possibly due to their larger size. However, the appearance of large numbers of membrane-bound vesicular structures similar to apoptotic bodies as well as cells with low DNA stainability (in a sub-G1 peak) suggested that the action of adverse hydrodynamic forces on these large cells may at least in part be to induce an apoptotic response. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of disruption of animal cells by turbulent capillary flow (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 987-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell disruption ; turbulent flow ; mammalian cells ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disruption of animal cells in turbulent capillary flows has been predicted from a model of cell-hydrodynamic interactions using cell mechanical properties determined by micromanipulation. Eddies of sizes similar to or smaller than the cells are presumed to interact with those cells, causing local surface deformations. The proposed mechanism of cell damage is that such deformations result in an increase in membrane tension and surface energy and that a cell disrupts when its bursting membrane tension and bursting surface energy are exceeded. The surface energy of the cells is estimated from the kinetic energy of appropriately sized eddies. To test the model, cells were disrupted in turbulent flows in capillaries at mean energy dissipation rates up to 2 × 104 m2/s3. In all cases the model underestimated the cell disruption by about 15%. Such good agreement implies that the approach of the model to the complicated phenomena of cell turbulence interactions is reasonable. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420809
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate with Excimer UV RadiationPaper presented at Fourth International Conference on Adhesion and Surface Analysis, Loughborough, 16-18 April 1996. (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 718-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photochemical dry etching and surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated with an incoherent excimer UV source, employing a dielectric barrier discharge in krypton chloride to provide intense narrow-band radiation at λ=222 nm (KrCl*). The roughness of the exposed PET was measured with a stylus profilometer. The morphology of the irradiated PET films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after different exposure times and the roughness of PET can be controlled by UV intensity and exposure times. Etching rate is 40 times higher than that for photochemical etching of PET with a conventional mercury lamp. The chemical changes in the UV-exposed PET surface layer were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by measurement of the intensity of the C - C, C - O and O - C=O bonds after irradiation with the KrCl* excimer lamp.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    52. Stofftransportmechanismen in der Fließbettchromatographie und ihre Bedeutung für die Adsorption von Proteinen (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1100-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330700956
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crazing as quasifracture in an oriented viscoelastic medium (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 2579-2597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crazes of different types occur in polymeric systems. Long, sparse crazes develop in less oriented molecular systems, while fine, short, dense crazes occur in highly oriented molecular systems. Different crazing mechanisms and different models may have to be studied for a better understanding of these differences. However, in this report, using one model and one theory, an analysis has been made of the differences in the geometry of craze development. By emphasizing the mechanism of molecular orientation, it is found that the basic differences are essentially attributable to the variation of the anisotropy of the material system as a result of large deformation rather than to any fundamental differences in the crazing mechanism.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180231214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of model networks with reptating chains to study extraction efficienciesPresented in part at a meeting of the Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, Chicago, 1982. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 1971-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is possible to prepare “model” elastomeric networks having known values of the molecular weight Mc between crosslinks by endlinking functionally terminated polymer chains having number-average molecular weights Mn equal to the desired values of Mc. If chains having chemically inert groups at both ends are intentionally included during the preparation of such a system, they will remain unattached, merely reptating through the subsequently formed network structure. This technique was used to prepare a series of tetrafunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks having essentially the same degree of crosslinking (10-3Mc = 11.3 g mol-1) and constant amount of diluent in the form of unattached PDMS chains having molecular weights of 10-3Md = 26.4, 18.6, 15.8, 9.8, 6.7, 1.2, and 0.70 g mol-1. Because of the very high mobility of PDMS, it was also possible to introduce essentially the same amount of the same diluents into already formed PDMS networks having the same Mc. Extractions carried out using tetrahydrofuran at room temperature showed that the diluent (“sol fraction”) introduced by swelling the network is more easily removed than that present during the endlinking, possibly because of less convoluted arrangements within the network structure. Chains with the largest values of Md which were present during the endlinking were found to be very difficult to remove entirely. It is therefore extremely important to carry out exhaustive extractions to obtain reliable values of network sol fractions, particularly when such data are to be used to estimate extents of reaction in the preparation of end-linked elastomers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180211007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy absorption in polymer crazing (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 683-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The total energy absorbed by a craze during its development in creep is analyzed and calculated on the basis of a time-dependent theory of crazing. Experimental measurements of the craze length have been utilized in the energy calculations. For polystyrene the initial energy absorption in the craze region is found to be several hundred times that in the uncrazed medium. This ratio decreases sharply in a short period of time to about 50 to 1 and less and remains low afterward. For polycarbonate, somewhat similar behavior has been found. The initial strain energy absorption by crazing is about 200 times that in the uncrazed region. The energy ratio reduces rapidly to about 55 to 1 and tends to level off thereafter. However, in general, the amount of strain energy absorbed does increase as a function of time, as it should.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180230406
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