Publication Date:
2018
Description:
〈p〉While mucosal inflammation is a major source of stress during enteropathogen infection, it remains to be fully elucidated how the host benefits from this environment to clear the pathogen. Here, we show that host stress induced by different stimuli mimicking inflammatory conditions strongly reduces the binding of 〈i〉Shigella flexneri〈/i〉 to epithelial cells. Mechanistically, stress activates acid sphingomyelinase leading to host membrane remodeling. Consequently, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase blunts the stress-dependent inhibition of 〈i〉Shigella〈/i〉 binding to host cells. Interestingly, stress caused by intracellular 〈i〉Shigella〈/i〉 replication also results in remodeling of the host cell membrane, 〈i〉in vitro〈/i〉 and 〈i〉in vivo〈/i〉, which precludes re-infection by this and other non-motile pathogens. In contrast, 〈i〉Salmonella〈/i〉 Typhimurium overcomes the shortage of permissive entry sites by gathering effectively at the remaining platforms through its flagellar motility. Overall, our findings reveal host membrane remodeling as a novel stress-responsive cell-autonomous defense mechanism that protects epithelial cells from infection by non-motile bacterial pathogens.〈/p〉
Print ISSN:
0261-4189
Electronic ISSN:
1460-2075
Topics:
Biology
,
Medicine
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