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Molecular mechanisms of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (1996)

Zagotta, William N.

Springer

Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 28 (1996), S. 269-278

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ISSN: 1573-6881

Keywords: Phototransduction ; olfaction ; ion channels ; cGMP ; cAMP

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are highly specialized to carry out their unique role in cell signaling. Significant progress has been made in the last several years determining the molecular mechanisms for these specializations. The activation of the channels begins with the binding of cyclic nucleotide to a domain in the carboxyl terminal region. This binding, in turn, produces an induced fit of the protein that involves a movement of the C-helix portion of the binding domain. The induced fit of the binding domain is coupled to an allosteric conformational change that opens the channel pore. The pore is formed primarily from the sequence between the S5 and S6 segments. A single glutamic acid in the pore represents the binding site for multiple monovalent cations, the blocking site for external divalent cations, and the site for the effect of protons on permeation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110700

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Sarcomere length behaviour along single frog muscle fibres at different lengths during isometric tetani (1989)

Burton, Kevin ; Zagotta, William N. ; Baskin, Ronald J.

Springer

Journal of muscle research and cell motility 10 (1989), S. 67-84

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ISSN: 1573-2657

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary A detailed investigation of sarcomere lengthening and shortening during fixed-end tetani has been made along frog muscle fibres stretched over a large range of sarcomere lengths. A variety of sources of error common in such measurements are quantitated and give an uncertainty in sarcomere length of about 53–62 nm. The difference in sarcomere length calculated from the left and right first orders at rest was 21 nm ±16 nm and this is suggested to be a measure of ‘Bragg artefact’. The laser diffraction measurements showed that the shortening end regions decrease in size during contraction and that the magnitude of shortening is increased at greater fibre extensions. The average length change and sarcomere length of the central and end regions was 0.10 μm (2.85 μm) and −0.37 μm (2.66 μm), respectively. The sarcomere length of the end regions at the end of creep was regularly observed to be 〈2.1 μm. An unexpected finding was the occasional observation of striations in the transition zone between lengthening and shortening regions which remained nearly isometric during a period of tension rise during creep. Measurements of diffraction order linewidth do not suggest increased sarcomere length dispersion in these areas. A smooth transition from shortening to lengthening was always observed. Although our data are in general agreement with the models proposed by Morgan, Mochon and Julian (Biophys. J. 39 (1982) 189–96) and Edman and Reggiani(J. Physiol. (Lond.) 351 (1984) 169–98), specific differences which do exist are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739857

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