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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.10 ; 68.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of iodine-intercalated C60 have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Tilting series of Electron Diffraction Patterns (EDP) confirm that it has a simple hexagonal structure with c/a≈1 in accordance with the results of X-ray diffraction, which allows higher precision c/a=1.0024. Cooling and heating experiments were performed in the vacuum of the microscope to investigate the order — disorder phenomena. High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) images and electron diffraction patterns reveal that the c/2-displacement along the c-direction plays an important role in the transition from the simple hexagonal structure into the fcc structure when iodine is lost from the specimen or “vice versa”. The orientation relationship between the intercalate and the C60 structure is [01 $$\overline {\text{1}}$$ 10]h∥[1 $$\overline {\text{1}}$$ 10]fcc and (001)h∥(110)fcc. A model is proposed to interpret the features observed in EDP and HREM consistently.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1025-1030 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of DO3 Fe-28Al-1.5Mn alloy, including ordering degree, superdislocation, APD and APB, were investigated by TEM. The results showed that addition of manganese into DO3 Fe3Al could not change the ordered type of the alloy, but could reduce APD size and then reduce ordering degree of the alloy. The fourfold superdislocations were retarded in DO3 Fe3Al alloy after Mn addition. Undeformed alloy with Mn has mainly twofold superdislocations. As deformation increases, the twofold superdislocations slip and decompose into unit dislocations, and unit dislocations slip and slip cross, leading to better ductility. The deformation mechanism of DO3 Fe-28Al-1.5Mn alloy was controlled at first by twofold superdislocation and at last by unit superdislocation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 298 (1994), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: 57M99 ; 57M25
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human T-cell receptor gamma gene region spans 160 kb genomic DNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been previously documented for the constant region (TRGC) genes, the joining (TRGJ) segments and the variable (TRGV) genes. We have recently defined the alleles of the T-cell receptor gamma V, J and C genes and we have described seven haplotypes of the V gamma subgroup I genes characterized either by RFLPs or by deletion or insertion of V gamma genes. The number of VγI genes may vary from 7 to 10 per haploid genome, the 9-gene haplotype being the most frequent. Allelic fragments can unambiguously characterize the TRGC2 gene with duplication or triplication of the exon 2. These alleles and haplotypes have been analyzed in four different populations (French, Lebanese, Tunisian and Black African). In this paper, we compare these allele and haplotype frequencies with those found in a Chinese population and we describe new TRGV allelic restriction fragments found only in the Chinese samples. These results and the previous data demonstrate the flexibility of the human T cell receptor gamma locus and the importance of unequal crossing-overs in the evolution of that locus. Moreover, they underline the importance of studying these polymorphisms in population genetics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 88 (1992), S. 355-355 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare HindIII restriction fragment variant of the human T cell receptor gamma joining segment TRGJ1 has been identified, in addition to two previously described alleles.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 92 (1993), S. 100-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A polymorphic BamHI site was located in the coding region of the human T cell receptor delta gene TCRDV2. Two alleles defined by the absence or the presence of the BamHI site were detected by the polymerase chain reaction.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The V10 variable gene of the human T-cell receptor gamma locus (TCRG-V10), the only member of the subgroup III, has a structural defect which inhibits the splicing of the leader intron. We show that there is a single point mutation in the V10 leader donor splice site responsible for this situation and that this mutation is found in the different populations tested, indicating that V10 corresponds to a pseudogene in humans. We restored the splice site by mutagenesis and obtained correct splicing in vitro. Analysis of the V10 germline gene in different primates reveals functional splice sites in the closest human apes, the chimpanzee and the gorilla. The splice competence of TCRG-V10 in higher primates was addressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzee by specific cDNA amplification, and correct splicing of the TCRG-V10 leader intron was found as well as a majority of in frame rearrangements involving only the TCRG-J1 or J2 segments. These results suggest that V10+γ /δ T cells may represent an important subset in the non-human higher primates, contrary to the situation observed in the human.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 30 (1994), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über Ergebnisse einer numerischen Studie berichtet, welche die Ermittlung des Gleichgewichtszustandes bei Konvektion von Wasser in Gegenwart von Eis in einem geneigten, rechteckigen, mit porösem Medium befüllten Behälter zum Ziele hatte. Eine Seite des Behälters wird über Schmelztemperatur, die andere darunter gehalten, während die übrigen zwei Seiten wärmedicht sind. Die Auswertung der Resultate erfolgt hinsichtlich des Dichteinversionsparameters, des Neigungswinkels und der Kühlplattentemperatur. Unterhalb einer Heiztemperatur von 25°C wird der Gleichgewichtszustand des Eis/Wasser-Systems entscheidend durch das Phänomen der Dichteanomalie beeinflußt. In einem Vertikalbehälter verursacht letztere die Ausbildung von zwei gegensinnig drehenden Walzen, was zu einer Verbreiterung der Wasserzone am Boden gegenüber der im oberen Bereich führt. Bei geneigtem Behälter existieren zwei Lösungszweige, welche die Boden-bzw. die Seitenheizungscharakteristik repräsentieren (Bénard- und Seitenheizungszweig). Aufgrund der Dichteinversion kann die Lösung auf dem Bénardzweig bei kleinen Neigungswinkeln oszillatorisches Verhalten anstatt Konvergenz liefern. Auf dem anderen Zweig ergibt sich bei 70° Neigungswinkel ein Maximum des Wärmestroms. Das Volumen der Wasserzone zeigt nur schwache Abhängigkeit vom Neigungswinkel. Bei Berücksichtigung des Unterkühlungseffektes führt die Wechselwirkung zwischen Leitung in der festen und Konvektion in der flüssigen Phase zu einer Gleichgewichtsstruktur der Eis/Wasser-Grenzfläche, welche bei einigen intermediären Kühlungsplattentemperaturen äußerst starke Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist.
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results of a numerical study on the equilibrium state of the convection of water in the presence of ice in an inclined rectangular cavity filled with a porous medium. One side of the cavity is maintained at a temperature higher than the fusion temperature while the opposite side is cooled to a temperature lower than the fusion temperature. The two remaining sides are insulated. Results are analysed in terms of the density inversion parameter, the tilt angle, and the cooling temperature. It appears that the phenomenon of density inversion plays an important role in the equilibrium of an ice-water system when the heating temperature is below 20°. In a vertical cavity, the density inversion causes the formation of two counterrotating vortices leading to a water volume which is wider at the bottom than at the top. When the cavity is inclined, there exist two branches of solutions which exhibit the bottom heating and the side heating characteristics, respectively (the Bénard and side heating branches). Due to the inversion of density, the solution on the Bénard branch may fail to converge to a steady state at small tilt angles and exhibits an oscillating behavior. On the side heating branch, a maximum heat transfer rate is obtained at a tilt angle of about 70° but the water volume was found to depend very weakly on the inclination of the cavity. Under the effect of subcooling, the interplay between conduction in the solid phase and convection in the liquid leads to an equilibrium ice-water interface which is most distorted at some intermediate cooling temperature.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.65; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A chitosanase was purified from the culture fluid of the chitino- and chitosanolytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli strain CHB101. The purified enzyme (chitosanase A) had a molecular mass of 28 kDa, and catalyzed the endo-type cleavage of chitosans having a low degree of acetylation (0–30%). The enzyme hydrolyzed glucosamine oligomers larger than a pentamer, but did not exhibit any activity toward N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers and colloidal chitin. The gene coding for chitosanase A (csnA) was isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. B. gladioli csnA has an ORF encoding a polypeptide of 355 amino acid residues. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified chitosanase A and comparison with that deduced from the csnA ORF suggests post-translational processing of a putative signal peptide and a possible substrate-binding domain. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponding to the mature protein showed 80% similarity to the sequences reported from Bacillus circulans strain MH-K1 and Bacillus ehimensis strain EAG1, which belong to family 46 glycosyl hydrolases.
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