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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wise use (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 14 (1989), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740580
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic registration of color separation films (1991)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 4 (1991), S. 33-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: intelligent automation ; industrial application of vision ; high-precision matching ; subpixel edge detection ; color printing ; halftone film registration ; high-speed convolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The problem of registration of four-color half tone separations for color printing is addressed. We present a method to performautomatically registration of color separation films, a step currently performed manually by highly skilled professionals in the graphic arts printing industry. An operator manually selects from the reference negative (generally CYAN) two windows with a digitizing cursor, and each window covering approximately 6 mm2 (0.25 in2) is digitized into a 640 × 640 array. On each negative and for each window, we extract the macro edges and approximate the contours by line segments. The segments from corresponding windows on different negatives are then matched with the reference ones to provide an estimate of the translation between them. The two translations (from the two windows) provide the parameters of the rigid planar transform between negatives (rotation and translation) and permit the punching of registration holes into the pictures for each negative. The system has been implemented in the RegiStar® machine 1 built to perform the mechanical tasks associated with the algorithm. It is able to handle a set of fourcolor separations in about 5 minutes, from image acquisition to the punching of registration holes in the films maintaining an accuracy of 12μ (0.5 mil) for binary patterns and 25μ (1 mil) for true halftones. This speed is obtained by using an off-the-shelf Mercury array processor attached to an IBM personal computer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240389
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inexpensive depth gauge for marine animals (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Current models of time-at-depth gauges are so expensive that few can be deployed and only limited data obtained. We describe an inexpensive depth gauge for use on marine animals, which we tested on diving birds. The device was constructed from components costing ≤$2 (US); and had a mass of 6 g. The gauge employs photographic film to record the depth-dependent position of a light emitting diode. The total time that the animal spends at each depth underwater can be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mycorrhizal colonization of six wetland plant species at sites differing in land use history (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 233-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Wetlands ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Land use history ; Restoration ecology ; Soil ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Five wetland prairie sites and six native plant species in western Oregon were examined to determine patterns of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization. The sites differed in type and intensity of past land use. VAMF colonization was tested in situ on seedlings from both field-sown seeds and from transplants. Colonization was measured as the percentage of root length with arbuscles or vesicles. All species (Deschampsia cespitosa, Downingia elegans, Eriophyllum lanatum, Hordeum brachyantherum, Microseris laciniata, and Plagiobothrys figuratus) became colonized by VAMF during the study. This is the first report of mycorrhizal colonization of these important native species. All sites supported mycorrhizal colonization of some of the experimental species. Average VAMF colonization ranged from 58% to 92% but was unrelated to subjective rankings of land use intensity. These results suggest that VAMF inoculum at all sites was sufficient to support revegetation by at least some species of native plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050272
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sampling scale on the assessment of epiphytic bacterial populations (1995)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 29 (1995), S. 283-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial populations on above-ground plant surfaces were estimated at three different biological scales, including leaflet disks, entire leaflets, and whole plants. The influence of sample scale on the estimation of mean bacterial population size per unit and per gram and on the variability among sampling units was quantified at each scale. Populations were highly variable among sampling units at every scale examined, suggesting that there is no optimal scale at which sample variance is reduced. The distribution of population sizes among sample units was sometimes, but not consistently, described by the lognormal. Regardless of the sampling scale, expression of population sizes on a per gram basis may not reduce variance, because population size was not generally a function of sample unit weight within any single sampling scale. In addition, the data show that scaling populations on a per gram basis does not provide a useful means of comparing population estimates from samples taken at different scales. The implications of these results for designing sampling strategies to address specific issues in microbial ecology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164891
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in a Sequence of Soils with Increasing Fertility and Changing Land Use (2000)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 40 (2000), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The microbial biomass and community structure of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility and land use history was investigated. Two community based microbiological measurements, namely, community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog sole C source utilization tests and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, were used to investigate the microbial ecology of these soils and to determine how land use alters microbial community structure. Microbial biomass-C and total PLFAs were closely correlated to organic carbon and total nitrogen, indicating that these soil microbial measures are potentially good indices of soil fertility in these highly weathered soils. Metabolic quotients and C source utilization were not correlated with organic carbon or microbial biomass. Multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization patterns and PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. PLFAs showed these differences more than CLPP methods. Consequently, PLFA analysis was a better method for assessing broad-spectrum community differences and at the same time attempting to correlate changes with soil fertility. Soils from tea orchards were particularly distinctive in their CLPP. A modified CLPP method, using absorbance readings at 405 nm and different culture media at pH values of 4.7 and 7.0, showed that the discrimination obtained can be influenced by the culture conditions. This method was used to show that the distinctive microbial community structure in tea orchard soils was not, however, due to differences in pH alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002480000053
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of further cytogenetic and molecular investigation of acrocentric variants: justification by presentation of a case [t(8;14)(q24;p11)] (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 87 (1991), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On routine chromosome analysis a moderately retarded 18-year old man was found to have an unusual short arm on one chromosome 14. With GTL-banding this chromosome showed an enlarged short arm with no evident secondary constriction. Negative CBG-banding of the short arm suggested the possibility of a translocation involving euchromatin. Interpretation of the abnormality as an unbalanced translocation relied on chromosome analysis using GTL-, CBG-, and Ag-NOR-banding of the proband's phenotypically normal mother, who was found to be carrying a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 8 and 14. In situ hybridization of sequences known to map to the short arm of chromosome 14 confirmed the interpretation and established that the breakpoint was within p11. The patient, whose karyotype is 46,XY,-14,+der(14)t(8;14)(q24.1;p11), is trisomic for the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 8. The patient's clinical features are described and compared with those reported in patients trisomie for this region. This study demonstrates the importance of using a number of different banding techniques in conjunction with in situ hybridization for the investigation of morphologically unusual acrocentric short arm variants seen at routine diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204176
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of agglutinating specificity in stock cultures of Rhizobium meliloti (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 103 (1975), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium meliloti ; Cross Agglutination ; Agglutinating Specificity ; Rhizobial Antigens ; Antigenic Mutability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several strains of Rhizobium meliloti which have been subcultured for 23–33 years have changed from being markedly specific in their somatic agglutination reactions to become widely cross-reactive. On the other hand a fresh collection of the same species obtained from naturally nodulated, field-grown plants revealed the high degree of agglutinating specificity which had previously characterised the old-cultures. Attempts to reselect a specific substrain from old cross-agglutinating cultures by six plant passages, or to detect change to cross reactivity by ten successive subcultures of recent isolates were unsuccessful. However, one strain, isolated in 1939, was recently found to contain both specific and cross-reactive substrains. Practically all the cultures, both old and recent, showed considerable mutability in colony characteristics but none of these was consistently correlated with cross agglutinability. Instability in 6.4% (w/v) NaCl was characteristic of the cross-agglutinating cultures. Cross reactivity was associated with a shared lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) which appeared to be obscured by an outer antigen in most strains still showing specific agglutinability. In the exceptional case of strain SU27, agglutination could be attributed to its specific LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436342
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocontrol of aerial plant diseases in agriculture and horticulture: current approaches and future prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1997), S. 188-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: biological control; foliar disease; fungi; bacteria; mycoparasite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Until recently, the majority of research on the biological control of aerial plant diseases was focused on control of bacterial pathogens. Such research led to the commercialization of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, as BlightBan A506™, for control of fire blight of pear. In contrast, chemical fungicides typically have provided adequate control of most foliar fungal pathogens. However, fungicide resistance problems, concerns regarding pesticide residues and revocation of registration of certain widely used fungicides have led to increased activity in the development of biocontrol agents of foliar fungal pathogens. Much of this activity has centered around the use of Trichoderma spp and Gliocladium spp to control Botrytis cinerea on grape and strawberry. The biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum T39 is commercially available in Israel, as Trichodex ™, for control of grey mold in grapes and may soon be registered for use in the US. Also targeted primarily against a foliar disease of grapes, in this case powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator, is the biocontrol agent Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ10, marketed as AQ10  TM biofungicide. Another promising development in the area of foliar disease control, though one which is not yet commercialized, is the use of rhizobacteria as seed treatments to induce systemic resistance in the host plant, a strategy which can protect the plant against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900436
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence properties of discrete analogs of orthogonal polynomials (1970)
    Springer
    Computing 5 (1970), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Falls (,) ein Skalarprodukt auf [a, b] darstellt und [,] N das entsprechende diskrete Skalarprodukt bedeutet, wobei [1, 1] N =(1, 1) gilt, dann ist die Bedingung [1,t k ] N =(1,t k )+0(N −p ),k=1, 2, ..., hinreichend dafür, daß die diskreten orthogonalen Polynome zu den entsprechenden kontinuierlichen Polynomen wieN −p konvergieren. Ein ähnliches Ergebnis gilt für entsprechendeFouriersegmente.
    Notes: Summary If (,) is an inner product on [a, b], and if [,] N is a discrete inner product analogous to (,), and such that [1, 1] N =(1, 1), then, a sufficient condition that the discrete orthogonal polynomials converge to the corresponding continuous orthogonal polynomials likeN −p , is that [1,t k ] N =(1,t k )+O(N −p ),k=1, 2, ... A similar result holds for correspondingFourier segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02234245
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