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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Widespread occurrence of 2-acetylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid in biological material (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: 2-Acetylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid ; coenzymes ; distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2-Acetylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid was shown to be widely distributed in all organisms tested, which included members of the eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and eubacteria. This thiazole, which was identified and quantitated as the methyl ester methoxyamine derivative, was found in these organisms at levels of from 27 to 1100 nmol/g dry weight (d.wt) of tissue. On the basis of its widespread occurrence, the levels at which it occurs in these organisms, and its chemical structure, which contains a reactive carbonyl group, it is proposed that this compound is a previously undescribed coenzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951763
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of stock separation in southern hemisphere organge roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus, Trachichthyidae) from restriction-enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 116 (1993), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to test for genetic homogeneity of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in the southern hemisphere. Two hundred and eighty-six orange roughy specimens were collected from seven general localities: the Great Australian Bight; South Australia (off southeastern Kangaroo Island); the west coast of Tasmania; the east coast of Tasmania; New South Wales; New Zealand and South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from developing ovary tissue and analysed with 10 six-base enzymes and 3 four-base enzymes. Both forms of analysis revealed a low level of genetic diversity in this species. The six-base enzyme study found no evidence of reproductively isolated populations of orange roughy in southeastern Australian waters. However, an analysis of 107 fish with 3 four-base enzymes identified at least partial genetic separation of the New South Wales (NSW) sample of orange roughy from South Australian (off southeastern Kangaroo Island) and Tasmanian samples. This finding supports biological evidence for the presence of a distinct subpopulation of orange roughy in NSW waters. The four-base study also provided evidence of the presence of genetically distinct samples of orange roughy occurring in the same localities off southeastern Kangaroo Island from consecutive years. Additional sampling and the use of a greater number of four-base enzymes may be needed to determine if any genetic structuring exists among orange roughy south of New South Wales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA analyses of the red rock lobsterJasus edwardsii supports an apparent absence of population subdivision throughout Australasia (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the mitochondrial genomes of 132 adult lobsters (Jasus edwardsil) collected from widespread locales across southern Australia and from New Zealand (April 1989 to June 1990) was assayed, using six restriction endonucleases, to test the hypothesis of a lack of genetic subdivision in a marine species with a long-lived planktonic larva. The mean amount of mtDNA diversity among the 132 mitochondrial genomes was 0.77%. Phenetic clustering and gene-diversity analyses, as well as pairwise comparison of the genetics of specimens from each, or grouped, locales did not detect the presence of genetic subdivision across approx 4600 km of Southern Ocean habitats. The inability of this study to detect population subdivision does not preclude fortutitous, active or habitat-specific larval settlement from producing and maintaining hidden groupings. If genetic homogeneity is maintained in this species by larval dispersal in ocean currents flowing to the east, then westerly populations may deserve special conservation status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702478
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the cow stomach lysozyme genes: Repetitive DNA and concerted evolution (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genomic cloning ; DNA sequencing ; Multigene family ; S1 mapping ; Promoter region ; Gene expression ; Concerted evolution ; Repetitive DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cow stomach lysozyme genes have evolved in a mosaic pattern. The majority of the intronic and flanking sequences show an amount of sequence difference consistent with divergent evolution since duplication of the genes 40–50 million years ago. In contrast, exons 1, 2, and 4 and immediately adjacent intronic sequences differ little between genes and show evidence of recent concerted evolution. Exon 3 appears to be evolving divergently. The three characterized genes vary from 5.6 to 7.9 kilobases in length. Different distributions of repetitive DNA are found in each gene, which accounts for the majority of length differences between genes. The different distributions of repetitive DNA in each gene suggest the repetitive elements were inserted into each gene after the duplications that give rise to these three genes and provide additional support for divergent evolution for the majority of each gene. The observation that intronic and flanking sequences are evolving divergently suggests that the concerted evolution events involved in homogenizing the coding regions of lysozyme genes involve only one exon at a time. This model of concerted evolution would allow the shuffling of exon-sized pieces of information between genes, a phenomenon that may have aided in the early adaptive evolution of stomach lysozyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178866
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation in a splice-donor site of the APC gene in a family with polyposis and late age of colonic cancer death (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of hundreds of colorectal adenomatous polyps during the first decades of life. The expression of the disease varies, as the age of onset of colonic cancer and the severity of extracolonic manifestations often differ between affected families. An attenuated form of APC has also been described in which a small number of polyps and a later age of onset of colonic cancer is observed. Cloning of the APC gene has allowed disease-causing mutations in APC families to be identified. Here, we report a novel splice site mutation (a G to T transversion at position +5 of the splice donor site in intron 9) in the APC gene of affected individuals in an Italian family. Characterization of the transcription products from this mutant APC allele revealed that normal splicing was disrupted: a shorter mRNA was expressed in which exon 8 was connected directly to exon 10. This created a shift in the reading frame and the introduction of a stop codon at position 1358. In addition, some normal APC transcript was produced from the mutant allele in lymphoblastoid cells. A comparison of the clinical features of affected members of this family with four unrelated Italian APC kindreds, in which the same AAAAG deletion at position 3926 has been found, showed a significant difference in the onset of disease symptoms and in the age of death attributable to colorectal cancer. Inefficient exon skipping may be, at least in part, responsible for the delay in the development of the disease in the reported family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkali resistant non-silicate porous glass-like material (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 1109-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Substitution of the end-member oxides in the ternary sodium borosilicate system has been studied. Replacing SiO2 with a combination of alkali resistant oxides, Th, Zr, Ce with or without Y2O3, was found to produce glasses which, after heat treatment, decomposed into two immiscible microphases, one of which was water soluble. The structure of the leached material or material sintered after leaching (ThO2, ZrO2, CeO2, Y2O3 or ThO2, ZrO2, CeO2) was predominantly glass-like. Some Na2O and B2O3 may be expected to remain unleached in the pores as has been observed in silica-based material. However, no evidence of this in crystalline form was found during X-ray diffraction analysis. The specific surface areas of the materials so formed ranged between 58 and 315 m2 g−1, having calculated pore radii of between 0.8 and 13.6 nm. Alkali resistance of up to 1.96×10−2 mg dm−2 and water resistance between 5 and 16.18 mg Na2Og−1 were measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01120019
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lanthanum-tantalum (Al) oxide porous glass ceramic (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1983), S. 1021-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The substitution of the end-member oxides in the ternary glass forming sodium borosilicate system was studied. The replacement of SiO2 with combinations of La2O3 and Ta2O52 was found to produce glasses which, after heat treatment decomposed to form a leachable sodium borate phase and an insoluble ceramic phase. The mode of phase decomposition is sensitive to impurities: the importance of crucible selection, e.g. Al2O3 or Pt/Rh is demonstrated by resulting differences in pore size, surface area, chemical resistance and structure of the insoluble phase for a series of La2O3-Ta2O5 and La2O3-Ta2O3-Al2O3 glass ceramic. These new materials have a specific surface area of up to 145 m2 g−1 and average pore radii ranging between 0.7 and 28.6 nm and show a varying degree of chemical resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551969
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial transformation ofN-heptyl physostigmine, a semisynthetic alkaloid inhibitor of cholinesterase (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 108-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: biotransformation ; N-heptyl physostigmine ; cholinesterase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The microbiological transformation ofN-heptyl physostigmine (L-693, 487) (1), a semisynthetic physostigmine cholinesterase inhibitor, was investigated usingVerticillium lecanii MF 5713 (ATCC 74148),Acremonium sp MF 5723 (ATCC 74164) andActinoplanes sp MA 6559 (ATCC 53771). Nine microbial metabolites (2–10) of 1 were isolated and purified using reversed-phase HPLC. The structures of the metabolites were established using spectroscopic techniques including MS and NMR. Some of the microbial metabolites were identical to metabolites present in urine of a dog treated with 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569808
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial adhesion measurements on soft contact lenses using a Modified Vortex Device and a Modified Robbins Device (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: adhesion ; contact lens ; bacteria ; isoenzyme ; hydrogel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract S. marcescens 8100 andP. aeruginosa 15442 were used to study bacterial adhesion to hydrogel contact lenses which had not been worn. Bacterial removal from unworn lens materials was assessed with a calibrated vortex device modified with a digital rpm readout and fitted with a test tube attachment (MVD). The MVD, which relies on a whirlpool-like force to remove the bacteria, showed that bacteria adhered to the same degree to etafilcon A, vifilcon A and polymacon lenses under standardized conditions. Tracking the isoenzyme patterns of these bacterial species over time showed instability ofS. marcescens upon repeated passage. This instability was not evident withP. aeruginosa. Bacterial adhesion ofP. aeruginosa 15442, to human worn and unworn etafilcon A materials was determined with a Modified Robbins Device. The MRD was closed off at both ends stopping medium and bacterial movement after 1 h of fluid flow over the lens surface. The results show that immediately following this 1-h period more bacteria adhere to unworn contact lenses than to worn lenses. However, bacterial counts were equivalent on worn and unworn lenses following 5 h of static incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569831
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion of the sodium salt of Simvastatin (MK-733) to 6-desmethyl-6-α-hydroxymethyl Simvastatin (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Actinomycete ; Biotransformation ; pH control ; Magnesium sulfate ; MK-733 ; Simvastatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An actinomycete (MA 6474, ATCC 53828) isolated from a soil sample (Mutare, Zimbabwe) was found to biotransform the sodium salt of Simvastatin (MK-733) to 6-α-hydroxymethyl MK-733, 6-β-hybroxymethyl MK-733, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733. The bioconversion efficiency to the desired compound, 6-α-hydroxymethyl MK-733, was enhanced by optimizing the physico-chemical parameters of the process. In shake flask cultures, addition of magnesium (0.125 mg/l Mg SO4·7H2O) to the medium resulted in a five-fold increase in the rate of bioconversion to the α diastereomer. The ratio of bioconversion products (6-α-hydroxymethyl, 6-β-hydroxymethyl, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733) was regulated by pH. Process improvements and scale up in 23-1 fermentors, which consisted of a controlled addition of substrate (MK-733), resulted in a 2-fold increase in alpha diastereomer Production (42 vs. 79 U/ml) and a 23-fold rate increase in the formation of α-diastereomer. A high diastereomeric ratio (α: β=9∶1) facilitated downstream processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575848
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