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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schooling behavior of Menidia medidia in the presence of the insecticide Sevin (Carbaryl) (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 261-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A single application of 100 parts per billion Sevin in seawater caused disruption of schooling behavior of Menidia menidia in an artificial setting. Although the change, primarily a spreading out of the school over a larger area, was observed after 24 h exposure, placing the fish in clean water did not bring about a return of normal schooling patterns until 72 h. This is attributed to the accumulation of 1-naphthol, a toxic product of hydrolysis of Sevin. The adaptive significance of changes in schooling behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388493
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methylmercury tolerance of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos from a polluted vs non-polluted environment (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 65 (1981), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have previously found great differences in susceptibility to methylmercury (meHg) among batches of eggs produced by different females. This study compares the range and distribution of susceptibility in two populations of killifish, one from a creek in Montauk, New York, USA a rather pristine area, the other from Pile's Creek in Linden, New Jersey, an area heavily impacted by metal and oil pollution. After treatment with 0.05 ppm meHg, the distribution of craniofacial defects in embryos of the Montauk population ranged from very tolerant to very susceptible. The distribution of cardiovascular defects also ranged from very tolerant to very susceptible. Skeletal defects were prevalent in most batches of eggs. However, in the Pile's Creek population, very few females produced susceptible eggs, and most batches were tolerant with respect to the three types of malformations, especially the craniofacial defects. The ability to adapt to pollution is one reason that this species has remained abundant in such a highly polluted area. The ability of some species to adapt to chronic pollution by developing tolerance is a phenomenon that should be considered in choosing organisms for routine bioassay procedures, since the results will depend on the degree to which the population has become tolerant to the toxicant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397123
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of heavy metals on fin regeneration in the killifish,Fundulus heteroclitus (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1976), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mercury on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 17 (1988), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tolerance to mercury in two populations of the grass shrimpPalaemonetes pugio was examined at different stages of this animal's life cycle. One population came from a mercury-contaminated creek, Piles Creek (PC), near industrialized Linden, New Jersey. The other population came from a relatively clean area, Big Sheepshead Creek (BSC), near non-industrialized Tuckerton, New Jersey. Larval grass shrimp showed no significant difference between populations in terms of mortality in 0.01 mg/L HgCl2, although treated BSC larvae metamorphosed significantly (P 〈 0.05) more slowly than their respective control group. While no BSC larvae survived the 0.0125 mg/L methylmercuric chloride (meHg) treatment, PC larvae exposed to 0.0125 mg/L meHg survived as well as their controls, indicating enhanced tolerance to meHg in this population. Adult shrimp were exposed for 14 days to control, 0.025 mg/L meHg, 0.025 mg/L HgCl2, 0.05 mg/L meHg, or 0.05 mg/L HgCl2 PC shrimp were significantly (P 〈 0.05) more tolerant to both 0.025 mg/L meHg, and 0.025 mg/L HgCl2 than were the BSC adults. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that both populations of shrimp are capable of producing a metallothionein like protein (MT) in response to treatment with HgCl2; MT is found in higher levels in field-caught PC shrimp than in field-caught BSC shrimp. MT was not present in field-collected, viable eggs from either population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity to estuarine organisms of leachates from chromated copper arsenate treated wood (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 118-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), used for treating wood in docks, pilings, and bulkheads, were studied in several estuarine organisms. Leaching of metals from treated wood into sea water was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) were subjected to limb removal and were placed in containers with treated wood of various sizes or control wood. Limb regeneration rate was retarded in a dose-dependent fashion and mortality occurred with the treated wood, reaching 100% in the tank with the largest piece of wood. Embryos of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) were allowed to develop in culture dishes in which CCA-treated or untreated wood was soaking. Mortality was noted in the dishes with treated wood and to a smaller extent in those with untreated wood. Containers containing CCA-treated wood, control wood, or no wood were stocked first with the algaUlva lactuca, then snails (Nassarius obsoletus). Chlorophyll content of the algae was reduced with the treated wood within a few days, and snails with the treated wood became moribund and died within a few days. In the controls containing untreated wood or no wood, no such effects were seen. Studies with individual or combinations of two or three of the metals with snails and algae indicated that the copper was primarily responsible for the snail mortality and algal bleaching seen in the treated wood experiments. In all experiments, the toxicity of the wood decreased over time; when the experiments were repeated with the same pieces of wood, effects were diminished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065337
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of construction materials in the marine environment: A comparison of chromated-copper-arsenate-treated wood and recycled plastic (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated leaching from chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, which is used in pilings and bulkheads, and resulting toxicity to various estuarine organisms. The current study compared effects of leachates from CCA-treated wood with those of recycled plastic “lumber,” a possible alternative construction material. Limb regeneration in fiddler crabs, while depressed in leachates from CCA wood, was accelerated in three formulations of recycled plastics. The acceleration was reduced in subsequent trials with the same pieces of plastic. Using a sea urchin fertilization test, no effects were seen in 1- and 3-day leachates from the plastics. However, CCA wood reduced fertilization by 90%, and totally inhibited larval development of those that did fertilize. A smaller piece of wood, one-tenth the size (0.4 cm2), did not have a significant effect on fertilization or development. With 1–3 weeks of leaching, significant reductions in fertilization were seen in sea urchin gametes exposed to one plastic formulation and no fertilization was seen in leachates from the small piece of CCA wood. Two formulations enriched to 30% polystyrene (PS) had no significant effect on fertilization, but did reduce larval growth. When the same pieces of plastic and wood were used for a second set of experiments, all three formulations of plastic, as well as the small piece of wood, inhibited fertilization significantly, and one of the 30% PS formulations and the wood caused reduced larval growth. In another assay, snails and an alga were exposed to plastics for two months with no observed effect; the CCA leachates caused 100% snail mortality within one week and chlorosis of the alga. Chemical analysis by GC/MS revealed a large number of chemicals leached in various quantities from the plastic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of contaminants from chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber on benthos (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fine particle fraction of sediments collected near bulkheads made of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood had elevated concentrations of the three chemicals. These decreased with distance from the bulkhead. Although the concentrations in the fine particle fraction of these sediments were quite high, the sediments had less than 1% fine particles, being primarily sand. Concentrations of the three contaminants in benthic organisms adjacent to the bulkhead were also elevated and decreased with distance. However, toxicity tests with the sediments adjacent to the bulkhead did not reveal consistent toxicity, probably because the overall concentration of metals was low. On the other hand, benthic community analysis revealed that there were reduced species richness, total numbers of organisms, and diversity in the sediments adjacent to the bulkheads, compared to reference sediments with lower metal concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212800
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Extent of Benthic Impacts of CCA-Treated Wood Structures in Atlantic Coast Estuaries (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To ascertain the extent of impacts from CCA-treated wood bulkheads, we sampled sediments along 10-m transects from these bulkheads and from reference sites (either bulkheads made of other materials or unbulkheaded areas nearby) and analyzed the fine fraction for metals. We ascertained metal content in resident biota, and analyzed species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and biomass of the benthic community. We found accumulation of metals in the fine-grained portion of nearby sediments and reduction in the biotic community nearby (generally at 0 and 1 m); such gradients were generally not seen in reference transects. At two of the sites there was evidence for secondary reduction of the community out further to 3 or 10 m, where the metals in the fines were lower but the percent fines was greatly increased. At all the other sites, impacts were generally limited to 0 and 1 m. The lack of reduction at further distances at the other sites is attributed to factors such as the age of the bulkheads, high energy of the environment, or nature of the sediments at those sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of embryonic pre-exposure to methylmercury and Hg2+ on larval tolerance inFundulus heteroclitus (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 530-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605470
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of the PCBs aroclor 1254 and 1242 to embryos and larvae of the mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1982), S. 298-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608511
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