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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium biomineralization in the radular teeth of the chiton, Acanthopleura hirtosa (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Molluscs ; Chiton radula ; Apatite ; Organic matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method has been devised for isolating the calcium biomineral from the iron biominerals and organic components present in the major lateral teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the calcium biomineral indicated that it was an apatite material containing carbonate and fluoride ions. Carbonate was not found to be present as a separate phase. The apatite was further separated into low and high density fractions, both of which showed crystallinity intermediate between that of bovine tibia cortical bone and human tooth enamel, as indicated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The calcified region of the major lateral teeth was also studied in situ using transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction analysis, revealing a close spatial relationship between the mineral apatite phase and underlying organic matrix. It is suggested that the architectural arrangement of apatite biomineral and fibrous organic constituents imparts specialized mechanical properties to the tooth making it ideally suited for the task of obtaining food from hard surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296222
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ Raman spectroscopic studies of the teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa (1998)
    Springer
    JBIC 3 (1998), S. 614-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Raman microscopy ; Biomineralization ; Chiton ; Mollusc ; Iron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  In situ Raman spectroscopy, in combination with energy dispersive spectroscopy, has been used for the first time to determine the identities and locations, at the micron level, of mineral phases present in single chiton teeth that have been extensively mineralized. At the later stages of development the major lateral teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa show characteristic spectroscopic evidence for the presence of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4), and an apatitic calcium phosphate. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and ferrihydrite (5 Fe2O3·9 H2O), which have been detected previously in teeth at the early stages of mineralization, were not detected in this mature tooth. The spatial distribution of these phases was determined, providing evidence for the presence of a discrete layer of lepidocrocite between the magnetite and apatite regions, illustrating the complexity of the biomineralization process. The technique of laser Raman microscopy is shown to be ideal for the examination of small biomineralized structures in situ, such as chiton teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050274
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of ferritin as a major high molecular weight zinc-binding protein in the tropical rock oyster,Saccostrea cuccullata (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 14 (1985), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The metal-binding proteins of the body mass of the tropical rock oysterSaccostrea cuccullata from the iron-ore shipping terminals near Dampier, Western Australia, have been separated by gel chromatography and analyzed for Zn, Fe, and Cu. Appreciable amounts of Zn (40%) and Cu (25%) were eluted in association with a high molecular weight fraction (〉60,000 daltons), the major component of which was identified as the heat stable Fe-binding protein, ferritin (approx. mol. wt. 550,000), which also contains 95% of the Fe detected. Ferritin thus accounts for significant amounts of protein-bound Zn in this species and most probably in other bivalves containing elevated tissue levels of Zn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055525
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for polynuclear iron(III) clusters in the root nodule bacterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae WSM710 (1999)
    Springer
    BioMetals 12 (1999), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Mössbauer spectroscopy ; iron ; root nodule bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of the root nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae WSM710 were cultured in a medium containing 20 μM 57Fe. Mössbauer spectra of the cells at 5.5 and 3.7 K indicated that the major form of iron present in the cells was in the form of polynuclear iron(III) clusters. At 5.5 K the spectral component associated with these clusters was in the form of a superposition of a broad feature (large magnetic hyperfine field distribution) and a doublet. On lowering the temperature of the cells to 3.7 K, the spectral component was transformed into resolved magnetic hyperfine field splitting which yielded a magnetic hyperfine field of 42.4 T when fitted with broad Lorentzian peaks. These spectral characteristics are typical of the hydrated iron(III) phosphate cores of several bacterioferritins. A small fraction (11%) of the Mössbauer spectral area of the cells was in the form of a doublet which yielded parameters (δ = 1.35 mm/s; ΔEQ = 3.15 mm/s) indicative of iron(II). The parameters are very similar to those of a spectral component previously observed in several other microbes (R. Böhnke and B.F. Matzanke (1995) BioMetals 8, 223-230) and which has been associated with a 2.2 kDa oligomeric iron(II) carbohydrate phosphate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009256525195
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prolonged iron loading in the rat using both parenteral and dietary routes. (1999)
    Springer
    BioMetals 12 (1999), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: animal model ; haemochromatosis ; iron overload ; iron toxicity ; morphometry ; thalassaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female Porton rats have been treated with either parenteral iron (intraperitoneal red cells) or dietary iron (carbonyl iron) for up to 12 months or 22 months respectively. In the parenteral iron loaded animals, the liver iron concentration rose from approximately 2 mg g-1 dry wt at 2 months to 21 mg g-1 dry wt at 12 months, while for the dietary iron loaded animals, this value rose from 14 to 48 mg g-1 dry wt at 12 months to over 60 mg g-1 dry wt after 22 months. In contrast, splenic iron concentrations rose more in the parenterally loaded animals (up to 66 mg g-1 dry wt after 12 months) than in the dietary loaded animals (approx. 34 mg g-1 dry wt after 24 months). This study yielded hepatic iron concentrations comparable to those seen in human thalassaemia patients with comparative low hepatotoxicity. Splenic iron concentrations in the parenteral iron loaded group generally exceeded those reported in thalassaemia. Iron concentrations derived from computer assisted morphometry of liver iron deposits correlated well ( r = 0.88, p 〈 0.001) with chemical analysis data. The fraction of iron in the non-parenchymal cells correlated positively with the duration of iron loading (r = 0.86, p 〈 0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009253716694
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Thalassaemia/haemoglobin E tissue ferritins (1990)
    Springer
    BioMetals 3 (1990), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Thalassaemia ; Iron overload ; Protein structure ; Isoferritins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Tissue ferritins fromβ-thalassaemia/haemoglobin E heart and pancreas were characterized by native PAGE, SDS/PAGE and isoelectric focussing, and compared with those isolated from corresponding liver and spleen tissue. On PAGE; all ferritins consisted of a single band assigned to the protein monomer. Small differences in electrophoretic mobility were found between the bands. The ferritins were resolved by SDS/PAGE into two major subunits, H and L, corresponding to molecular masses of 22.5 kDa and 19 kDa, respectively. The L subunit was predominant in all cases. The isoferritin profiles of all tissue ferritins were remarkably similar; consisting of a complex pattern of bands which were appreciably more basic than those obtained for horse spleen ferritin. The subunit composition and isoferritin profiles of the four tissue ferritins almost certainly reflect the defense mechanism of the body in synthesizing in all four tissue types a more stable long-term iron-storage isoferritin in order to detoxify and store the excess iron present due to the pathological condition ofβ-thalassaemia/HbE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01140584
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biospeciation, by potentiometry and computer simulation, of Sm-EDTMP, a bone tumor palliative agent (1996)
    Springer
    BioMetals 9 (1996), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: EDTMP ; formation constants ; protonation constants ; samarium ; speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 153Sm-EDTMP (ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic) acid) is of considerable interest as a bone therapeutic radiopharmaceutical but its properties in solution are not yet well characterized. The protonation constants of EDTMP and the formation constants of the complexes of Sm-EDTMP have accordingly been measured potentiometrically by glass electrode titrations at 25°C in 0.15 M NaCl. Six protonation constants (log β011 = 9.638, log β012 = 17.330, log β013 = 23.597, log β014 = 28.636, log β015 = 31.501, log β016 = 32.624) and the formation constants of the [Sm(EDTMP)H-1]6- (log β11-1 = 4.865), [SmEDTMP]5- (log β110 = 12.018), [Sm(EDTMP)H]4- (log β111 = 17.892) and [Sm(EDTMP)H2]3- (log β112 = 23.437) complexes were determined. Computer simulations indicate that the [SmEDTMP]5- and the hydroxy [Sm(EDTMP)H-1]6- species are the major Sm(III) complexes formed in blood plasma, which explains the high degree of localization in the kidney and urine observed in biodistribution studies. Calcium ions are probably the maior competitor for EDTMP in blood plasma. As the presence of secondary skeletal metastases results in a high rate of bone turnover, it is possible that the high concentration of calcium at these sites encourages localization of 153Sm-EDTMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a simple particle bombardment device for gene transfer into plant cells (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 37 (1994), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: transient gene expression ; β-glucuronidase ; alfalfa ; soybean ; DNA transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A simple particle bombardment device was designed, constructed and shown to be efficient for the delivery of DNA into plant cells. High levels of transient β-glucuronidase expression were observed in alfalfa suspension-cultured cells and embryogenic soybean suspension-cultured cells. Expression of β-glucuronidase in alfalfa suspension-cultured cells was used to optimize the bombardment conditions for the device. Transient gene expression in alfalfa was found to be dependent on the state of the target tissue, the size of particles employed, the helium pressure used to accelerate the particles and the distance travel led by the tungsten particles carrying DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Thalassaemia/haemoglobin E tissue ferritins (1990)
    Springer
    BioMetals 3 (1990), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Ferritin ; β-Thalassaemia ; Haemoglobin E ; Liver ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ferritins from liver and spleen of bothβ-thalassaemia/haemoglobin E (HbE) and non-thalassaemic patients were purified by heating a methanol-treated homogenate, followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The concentrations of ferritins in theβ-thalassaemia/HbE liver and spleen were calculated as 3.8 and 2.0 mg/g wet tissue. Theβ-thalassaemia/HbE ferritin iron/protein ratios were higher than those of normal ferritins. On PAGE, all ferritins gave a single major monomeric band with only very small differences in their mobility. Ferritins from thalassaemic patients also possessed bands corresponding to oligomers. On SDS/PAGE, all ferritins were resolved into two major subunits: H and L with L subunit predominating. While the isoferritin profiles of ferritins fromβ-thalassaemia/HbE liver and spleen were similar to each other and to those of normal liver and spleen, some extra bands were present in the acidic region. The microstructure of these pathological ferritins appears to result, to a large degree, from the particular nature and amount of iron loading present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01140583
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ-specific crystalline structures of ferritin cores inβ-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Thalassemia ; Ferrihydrite ; Crystallinity ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The cores of ferritins isolated from different organs of human subjects withβ-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (β-thal/HbE) disease have different size distributions and crystallinities depending on the source organ. These patients have not been treated by hypertransfusion regimen or iron chelation therapy.β-Thal/HbE spleens and livers yield ferritin cores which are less crystalline than those isolated from normal spleens and livers, reflecting the more rapid deposition of iron in the diseased state. Ferritins isolated from the hearts and pancreases ofβ-thal/HbE subjects were found to have larger, more crystalline cores than those from theβ-thal/HbE livers and spleens, possibly as a consequence of the role of the heart and pancreas as long-term iron deposition sites in this iron overload pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141308
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