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  • Springer  (105)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural development and abdomen inflation of gynes and newly mated queens of Melipona beecheii (Apidae, Meliponinae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Pre-mating behaviour, gyne, abdomen enlargement, Melipona beecheii, stingless bee.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The behaviour of gynes of Melipona beecheii in queen-deprived colonies was studied. The period after emergence until acceptance is characterized by agonistic behaviour of workers towards the gynes. The gynes escaped from this worker aggression by hiding in the periphery of the nest, by performing rapid turn-arounds once grabbed by a worker, and "feigning death". Between acceptance and nuptial flight, gynes spent most of their time in pushing, hiding, and antennal contact with workers, and self-grooming or food solicitation. After the nuptial flight the queen's behavioural repertoire shifted to less pushing and food solicitation, to an increase in standing, tapping and antennal contact.¶Accepted gynes had a significantly more prolonged abdomen inflation than gynes that were eliminated.¶An hypothesis is presented to explain how abdomen enlargement and behavioural development influences the acceptance of gynes and the establishment of a dominance relation with workers under queenless conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of drones in Melipona (Apidae, Meliponinae) (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 435-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Stingless bees, drone behaviour, Melipona, M. beecheii, M. favosa, M. fasciata.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The behaviour of drones of different species of Melipona was studied in Costa Rica and on Tobago. Drones of all species behaved very similarly. The intranidal behavioural analysis indicates that drones spent most time on standing, walking, stirring the antennae and self-grooming. The only "typical worker behaviour", occasionally performed by 16 to 18 days old drones of Melipona, was the participation in nectar dehydrating. The age-relatedness and location in the nest where a behaviour is performed is being discussed. Worker aggression against drones was observed only three times. The behaviour of drones when they leave the nest is described. Drones leave the nest mainly between 8 and 11 AM, at an average age of 18.6 days. It was observed that drones do not return after they have once left the hive. A description is given of a nest-associated drone aggregation of Melipona fasciata on a wall. Drones of this species stayed in the aggregation for an average of 7.6 days, spending most time on standing or flying in a "cloud" near the nest entrance. They spent about five hours daily on the average and may leave the aggregation temporary. Drones were able to live up to 74 days in a closed hive, the average being 45 days. Implications of drone behaviour for the mating biology of stingless bees are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050063
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony reproduction in Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae, Meliponini) (2000)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 47 (2000), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Stingless bees, Tetragonisca angustula, swarming, founding.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Colony multiplication of the neotropical stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula started with the finding of a new nesting site by scout bees, followed by the cleaning of the cavity. Cerumen was flown in from the mother colony for the sealing of crevices and the construction of an entrance tube. Major investment of the mother colony in the daughter nest was in workers and cerumen. Almost negligible amounts of pollen were transported from the mother colony after arrival of the gyne in the founding colony. Small quantities of honey were transferred as well. Workers from the daughter nest foraged actively for pollen. Some 500 to 1000 workers entered in the daughter nest, following the virgin queen. This is only a relatively small proportion of the population of the mother colony. Two to four days after the nuptial flight the young queen started egg-laying, and storage pots, mainly filled with honey and some pollen were encountered. In the mother nest, ample pollen and honey stores were present during the months preceding the swarming process. Shortly before swarming took place brood (and adult) populations were 20 to 50% higher than in the other non-swarming colonies, whereas the production of royal cells and males was not different. Data were compared with those got in literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The number of bacteria in the rhizosphere during plant development: relating colony-forming units to different reference units (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Chrysanthemum ; Rhizosphere ; Rhizobacteria ; Root age ; Reference unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The number of bacteria was determined during the growth of chrysanthemum plants on young (tip) and old (base) root parts. We assessed if the same conclusions could be drawn on the dynamics of bacterial populations during plant development when different reference units were used to express the bacterial counts. The results indicated that the total number of bacteria on the base decreased significantly during plant development, when expressed per root length, per root fresh weight or per root surface. The number of bacteria on the tip only decreased significantly when expressed per root length. Using the unit of dry weight of adhering soil, contradictory results were obtained for both base and tip; in general, the number of bacteria increased significantly during plant development. Thus, different reference units may lead to different conclusions. Root surface seemed to be the best unit to use, but the use of this unit requires time-consuming measurements. Regression analyses indicated that the reference unit "root surface" was highly correlated with root fresh weight (R 2=93%). Thus, once this relation is determined, the less time-consuming unit can be measured in the experimental work. To analyse the data, the colony-forming units should be expressed per root surface. Besides bacterial numbers during plant development, we assessed whether the bacterial populations collected showed different growth rates on agar plates. The growth rates of bacteria from the tip and base and different development stages of the plants showed differences, indicating differences in the metabolic state of the collected populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050495
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast survey analysis of biomass by-product samples based on ICP optical emission spectra (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364 (1999), S. 666-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Prehydrolysate samples from the acidic prehydrolysis of Eucalyptus wood residues were submitted to survey analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry (OES) based on the multicomponent and multiline techniques. The survey analysis software is designed to determine 64 elements. The semiquantitative data obtained for the unknown prehydrolysate samples provided fast and valuable information for the determination of important inorganic constituents (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Si, Sr, Zn, Co, Pb, Sn) for further utilisation of the prehydrolysate in the production of fertilisers, animal feed and furfural. To validate the survey analysis approach, the prehydrolysate samples were quantitatively analysed by the standard additions method. For the prehydrolysate samples the relative difference between the results obtained by both techniques was generally ± 25% for the majority of the elements, a typical value for the survey approach. Analyte recoveries in the spiked prehydrolysate samples analysed by the survey approach ranged from 95 to 125%. Independent replicates of prehydrolysate samples were measured over a 15-day period showing relative standard deviations of ≤ 4% for all elements, except for Zn (10%) and S (16%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of Metal Bioavailability for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Field Soils (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 420-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Understanding metal bioavailability of plants in soils requires, apart from physiological processes and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the consideration of the chemical availability in the soil solution (the intensity of the toxic exposure) and the soil's capacity to supply the metal (capacity). In this contribution we report on the time-dependent accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Bioassays with 17 Dutch field soils and two artificially metal-contaminated soils were carried out. Phytotoxicity was observed in soils with pH (pore water) 〈4.8. Metal uptake is shown to be both metal- and soil-dependent and strongly depends on the amount of water the plant transpired and the available concentration in the water. No net accumulation of As, Pb, Ni, and especially Cr was observed in most soils tested. The latter observation is in agreement with findings of Zayed et al. (Planta, 1998 206:293–299), who reported that translocation of Cr from roots to shoots is extremely limited. Internal Cd levels in the plants varied greatly among soils, whereas plant tissue concentrations of Zn and especially Cu appear to be regulated at more or less fixed levels. The 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable metal pool provides the best descriptor for the capacity of the soil to supply Cd and Zn. This enabled the development of models that are suited to predict Zn and Cd uptake by lettuce in both field soils (weathered soils) and soils to which metal salts were added, which is common practice in toxicity testing of chemicals. It is concluded that of all metals included in this study, Cd is the metal of most concern due to bioaccumulation through the soil-plant-animal food chain as Cd is the only metal that might pose human or animal health risks at plant tissue concentrations that are not directly phytotoxic. Finally, application of the models for risk assessment purposes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instability of zeolite Y supported cobalt sulfide hydrotreating catalysts in the presence of H2S (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 47 (1997), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the sulfidation temperature of dehydrated ion exchanged CoNaY on the catalytic activity and structure was studied by thiophene HDS activity measurements, overall sulfur analysis, temperature programmed sulfidation, Xe adsorption measurements in combination with129Xe NMR, EXAFS and ESR. It was shown that up to a sulfidation temperature of 573 K small highly active Co sulfide clusters were formed in the supercages. Sulfidation above 573 K led to decomposition of these Co sulfide particles by a protolysis reaction resulting in the formation of H2Sand a blue colored Co compound having almost no HDS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019092602157
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reviews (1992)
    Springer
    De economist 140 (1992), S. 271-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01460376
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reviews (1988)
    Springer
    De economist 136 (1988), S. 154-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02078543
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One medicine: The dynamic relationship between animal and human medicine in history and at present (1998)
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 15 (1998), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Medicine ; Veterinary medicine ; Public health ; Epidemiology ; Comparative medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relation and collaboration of human and animal medicine had its ups and downs throughout history. The interaction between these two disciplines has been especially fruitful in the broad areas of patho-physiology and of epidemiology. An exploration of the interaction between the two disciplines, using historical and contemporary examples in comparative medicine, zoonoses, zooprophylaxis, and human-animal bond, reveals that a better understanding of animal and human disease, as well as societal changes such as interest in non-conventional medicine, are leading to a broader concept of one medicine that includes animal and human medicine as well as social and other sciences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007478809782
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