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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of sub-micron structures for MEMS using deep X-ray lithography (2000)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 6 (2000), S. 210-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fabrication techniques of microstructures with high resolution and high aspect ratio are necessary for practical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that have high performance and integration. In order to fabricate microstructures with sub-micron resolution and high aspect ratio, deep X-ray lithography has been investigated using the compact synchrotron radiation (SR) light source called “AURORA”. An X-ray mask for sub-micron deep X-ray lithography, which is composed of 1 μm thick Au as absorbers, 2 μm thick SiC as a membrane and 625 μm thick Si as a frame, was designed. In preliminary experiments, the following results were achieved: EB resist microstructures with an aspect ratio of 22 corresponding with 0.07 μm width and 1.3 μm height were formed; a 10 μm thick PMMA resist containing no warp was formed by direct polymerization, enabling more precise gap control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420000058
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient neutropenia after intravenous injection of vindesine in patients with lung cancer (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1994), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Vinca alkaloids ; vindesine ; lung cancer ; neutrophil sequestration ; neutrophil deformability ; neutrophil filterability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have found transient circulating neutropenia and pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils after the intravenous injection of vindesine, a microtubule disruptor. Experiment 1 Ten patients with lung cancer were given a bolus intravenous injection of 3 mg·m-2 vindesine (Fildesine(r)). In all patients, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts in the venous blood fell to 65 % and 47 % of baseline values respectively within 30 min, and returned to baseline values within 6 h. In contrast, the lymphocyte count was stable. Experiment 2 Male Wistar rats were given saline or 0.08 mg·kg-1 vindesine intravenously and were sacrificed after 30 min. Vindesine produced a 58 % reduction in the neutrophil count in the systemic circulation and a threefold increase in the neutrophil/erythrocyte ratio in the pulmonary microvasculature. Experiment 3 We studied the effects of vindesine in vitro on neutrophils and lymphocytes isolated from the venous blood of healthy volunteers. Vindesine (10-5–10-8 mol·1-1) reduced neutrophil deformability (filterability) and induced neutrophil polarization, with reversibility of both effects after washout. These effects of vindesine were completely inhibited by cytochalasin B, an actin filament disrupter. Vindesine did not stimulate the neutrophil functions of adherence to polystyrene tubes, chemotaxis, or superoxide anion generation. The filterability and morphology of lymphocytes were not altered by vindesine. Thus, we conclude that a bolus injection of vindesine produces pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils, which produces circulatory neutropenia, and that it is primarily mediated by a decrease in neutrophil deformability that occurs without activation of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193474
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional status of Aureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524 for the production of β-fructofuranosidase (1991)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 522-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sucrose at 10 to 20% (w/v) was the best carbon source for the production of β-fructofuranosidase by Aureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524. At higher concentrations, it arrested growth. Glucose and fructose were also good carbon sources for the enzyme production. Yeast extract at 1.5 to 2% (w/v) was the best nitrogen source for the enzyme production and for cell growth. Addition of NaNO3 (1 to 2%, w/v) and MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 to 1.5%, w/v) to the cultivation medium increased the intracellular enzymatic activity. The total enzymatic activity and cell growth reached 1.2×104 U/flask and 2.5 g dry cell/flask, respectively after 48 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368354
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of β-fructofuranosidase byAspergillus japonicus (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; enzyme production ; fructofuranosidase ; sucrose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A newly isolated strain, MU-2, which produces very high β-fructofuranosidase activity, was identified asAspergillus japonicus. For enzyme production by the strain, sucrose at 20% (w/v) was the best carbon source and yeast extract at 1.5 to 3% (w/v) the best nitrogen source. Total enzymatic activity and cell growth were at maximum after 48 h, at 1.57×104 U/flask and 0.81 g dry cells/flask, respectively. The optimum pH value of the enzymatic reaction was between 5.0 and 5.5 and the optimum temperature 60 to 65°C. The enzyme produced 1-kestose (O-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranoside) and nystose (O-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranoside) from sucrose by fructosyl-transferring activity. The strain was found to be very useful for industrial production of β-fructofuranosidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01195837
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and properties ofβ-fructofuranosidase from Aspergillus japonicus (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 276-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Aspergillus japonicus ; β-fructofuranosidase ; glycoprotein ; 1-kestose ; nystose ; sucrose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract β-Fructofuranosidase fromAspergillus japonicus, which produces 1-kestose (O-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranoside) and nystose (O-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranoside) from sucrose, was purified to homogeneity by fractionation with calcium acetate and ammonium sulphate and chromatography with DEAE-Cellulofine and Sephadex G-200. Its molecular size was estimated to be about 304,000 Da by gel filtration. The enzyme was a glycoprotein which contained about 20% (w/w) carbohydrate. Optimum pH for the enzymatic reaction was 5.5 to 6. The enzyme was stable over a wide pH range, from pH 4 to 9. Optimum reaction temperature for the enzyme was 60 to 65°C and it was stable below 60°C. The Km value for sucrose was 0.21m. The enzyme was inhibited by metal ions, such as those of silver, lead and iron, and also byp-chloromercuribenzoate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201878
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on fabrication of high aspect ratio MEMS microparts using a compact SR beamline (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 61-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A compact beamline dedicated to hard x-ray deep lithography for fabrication of high aspect ratio MEMS microparts has been developed. The exposure stage was only 3 meters away from the synchrotron radiation (SR) source so that a relatively high photon flux could be achieved with a compact super-conducting SR source. The deep lithography using PMMA resist could be as deep as 1000 μm and the maximum aspect ratio achieved was about 50. The throughout for the 200 μm-deep lithography was found to be on the order of 5 cm2/h using the membrane-free mask under the routine SR conditions. Templates with the high aspect ratio microstructures have been made of the PMMA resist based on conducting substrates and applied further to electroforming to create metallic microstructures. In order to fabricate microparts for the MEMS applications, we have concentrated on development of masks for the hard x-ray deep lithography. The masks now can be made to have the 8 μm-thick gold absorber on the 2 μm-thick SiC membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050095
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel heterologous gene expression system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the isocitrate lyase gene promoter from Candida tropicalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  We have found that the upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) from the n-alkane-utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis was functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a novel promoter with non-fermentable carbon sources, such as oleic acid, acetate, ethanol, and glycerol/lactate. The expression of two foreign genes coding for β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli (LacZ) and glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain was carried out under the control of UPR-ICL. Expression of LacZ was repressed by glucose and enhanced over 300-fold by acetate. When an expression vector pWI3 containing multicloning sites between UPR-ICL and the transcriptional terminator of the isocitrate lyase gene (TERM-ICL) was used, the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) was highly produced in a soluble and active form. These results demonstrate that the novel expression system using UPR-ICL and TERM-ICL from C. tropicalis is useful for the production of heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178615
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel heterologous gene expression system inSaccharomyces cerevisiae using the isocitrate lyase gene promoter fromCandida tropicalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have found that the upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) from then-alkane-utilizing yeastCandida tropicalis was functional inSaccharomyces cerevisiae as a novel promoter with non-fermentable carbon sources, such as oleic acid, acetate, ethanol, and glycerol/lactate. The expression of two foreign genes coding for β-galactosidase fromEscherichia coli (LacZ) and glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain was carried out under the control of UPR-ICL. Expression ofLacZ was repressed by glucose and enhanced over 300-fold by acetate. When an expression vector pW13 containing multicloning sites between UPR-ICL and the transcriptional terminator of the isocitrate lyase gene (TERM-ICL) was used, the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) was highly produced in a soluble and active form. These results demonstrate that the novel expression system using UPR-ICL and TERM-ICL fromC. tropicalis is useful for the production of heterologous proteins inS. cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178615
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative Cell Damage in Kat-Sod Assay of Oxyhalides as Inorganic Disinfection By-Products and Their Occurrence by Ozonation (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nine oxyhalides as possible inorganic disinfection by-products were tested for oxidative cell damage by Kat-sod assay with E. coli mutant strains deficient in the active oxygen-scavenging enzymes. Chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and iodate were highly cytotoxic, whereas in the presence of cysteine, bromate (BrO3 −) and metaperiodate (IO4 −) showed more growth inhibition toward the superoxide dismutase–deficient strains than the wild strain. BrO3 − also showed oxidative mutagenicity with cysteine or glutathione ethyl ester in S. typhimurium TA100. To identify oxyhalides formed by ozonation of raw water containing sea water, the occurrence of ozonation by-products of bromide and iodide was investigated. The results indicate that BrO3 − is toxicologically one of the most remarkable oxyhalides detectable in drinking water because IO4 − was not detected in the ozonated solution of iodide, and the ozonation condition to lower BrO3 − is to keep it neutral in the presence of ammonium ion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-induced calcium release mechanism in vascular smooth muscles — assessments based on contractions evoked in intact and saponin-treated skinned muscles (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 989-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vascular smooth muscles ; Ca-induced Ca release ; skinned muscles ; pharmaco-mechanical coupling ; voltage dependent Ca-influx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article was concerned with the role of Ca in triggering the contraction in vascular smooth muscles. Whenever Ca influx is activated, this Ca does not directly activate the contractile proteins, but rather triggers the release of Ca from the SR to activate calmodulin. This release of Ca by Ca is dependent on the amount of Ca stored within the cells. Voltage dependent Ca influx activated by excess concentrations of K, electrical depolarization and Ca spikes is required to produce the contraction through activation of the Ca-induced Ca release mechanism. The elucidation of the contribution of the P-I response for Ca mobilization through activation of receptors under physiological conditions hopefully will lend support to our hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952119
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