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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical quality and indicator parameters for monitoring landfill leachate in Illinois (1977)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 1 (1977), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Evaluation of analyses of leachate for inorganic constituents, from selected landfills in Illinois indicates that leachate quality is variable and is strongly affected by waste type and cover material. Twenty parameters were detectable in all samples, but selenium was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. More than 98% of the mean leachate composition was comprised, in descending order, of total alkalinity (bicarbonate plus carbonate), sulfate, sodium plus potassium, calcium plus magnesium, chloride, and iron plus managese. Excluding iron, trace metals contributed less than one percent to the total; of these, copper, zinc and boron were most significant. Based on milliequivalents per liter of major constituents, approximately 73 percent of the cations and 92% of the anions fall within the concentration range of potable waters. Heavy metals, organics, suspended matter, microorganisms, odor and color are among the objectionable qualities of leachate which should not be present in potable waters. In assessing the impact of leachate on ground-water quality, use of indicator parameters in place of comprehensive analyses for routine water samples is frequently desirable in the interest of both time and economics. Availability, mobility, persistence, analyticity and contrast of concentrations in leachate and ground water are important factors to consider in selection of an indicator. Boron, iron, ammonia and total dissolved solids appear to be reliable parameters for indicating ground-water pollution by leachate. Chloride and hardness may also be useful under certain conditions. Sulfate was the least reliable parameter considered. Although many of the trace elements in leachate exceed Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Public Water Supply Standards in more than 50% of the samples, these elements are most useful as indicators when a waste rich in trace elements is deposited in a landfill of unfavorable hydrogeology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380501
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of novel metal-binding proteins distinct from metallothionein from spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) ovaries (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 108 (1991), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Metal-binding proteins were isolated from ovaries of the spotted seatroutCynoscion nebulosus and the Atlantic croakerMicropogonias undulatus collected in 1988 near Port Aransas, Texas, USA. Gel-filtration analysis of spotted seatrout trout ovarian cytosolic fraction on Sephadex G-75 revealed the presence of three zincbinding protein fractions. A major zinc/calcium-binding protein fraction had a low molecular weight (M r)(6 000 to 10 000), similar to mammalian hepatic metallothionein (MT). All the metals were displaced from this fraction following saturation with exogenous cadmium. After exposure of Atlantic croaker to 2 mg cadmium l−1 seawater for 2 mo, the majority of the cadmium in the ovarian cytosolic fraction was associated with a similar low molecular weight protein fraction. These proteins were further purified by heat treatment and sequential acetone precipitation. Three isoforms were isolated by reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography. All the isoforms were found to be distinct from mammalian MT, based on amino acid composition. The major isoform contained low amounts of cysteine (approximately 5 residues per molecule) and aromatic amino acids, compared to high amounts of cysteine (typically 17 to 20 residues/molecule) and a lack of aromatic amino acids for mammalian MT. All the ovarian protein isoforms contained more glutamate than mammalian MT. The spotted seatrout and Atlantic croaker ovarian isoforms showed a high degree of homology with metal-binding proteins isolated from mammalian gonadal tissues. The results suggest a physiological role for these metal-binding proteins in developing vertebrate ovaries as well as an involvement in the sequestration of cadmium following environmental exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313468
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical responses of the striped mullet Mugil cephalus to oil exposure I. Acute responses—Interrenal activations and secondary stress responses (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 59 (1980), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acute single exposures to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a No. 2 fuel oil influences several biochemical parameters in juveniles of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations were measured at 1 and 3 h after exposure to 1, 5, 10 or 20% WSF. No elevation of plasma cortisol or glucose levels occurred in fish exposed to the lowest concentration of oil, whereas a dose-response relationship was observed at higher doses. The dynamics of plasma corticosteroid, glucose and cholesterol concentrations and osmolality as well as accumulation of naphthalenes in the fish tissues were monitored during exposure to 20% WSF. Circulating cortisol concentrations rose rapidly to 5 times normal values 1h after exposure to oil and subsequently declined to control levels 6 h after oil addition. A smaller secondary rise occurred at 12 h, but cortisol had returned to basal levels 12 h later. In contrast, plasma glucose, cholesterol and osmolality rose more slowly to reach maximum values between 3 and 4 h after oil addition. By 24 h plasma cholesterol and osmolality had returned to normal values whereas the hyperglycemia persisted. However, 72 h after the addition of WSF all biochemical parameters had returned to control levels. At this time considerable accumulation of total naphthalenes had occurred in several fish tissues, whilst the concentration of total naphthalenes in the exposure tanks had declined to background levels. When freshly prepared 20% WSF was added to the exposure tanks during this period, all biochemical parameters were again elevated. The results suggest that the volatile components of fuel oil in the water trigger the biochemical changes described in a dosedependent manner. The possible ecological significance of these changes and the potential use of these parameters as sublethal indicators of environmental contamination are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396861
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual regression, shrinkage, re-maturation and growth of spent female Euphausia superba in the laboratory (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 95 (1987), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Live female Euphausia superba, Dana were collected from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica in January 1985, and observations of intermoult period, growth and maturation changes were made on individuals which spawned and were subsequently maintained in the laboratory for 12 mo. Over this experimental period an instrinsic cyclic reproductive pattern was observed. Following spawning, there was a regression of the female copulatory organ, the thelycum, coupled with a decrease in body length and an increase in the krill's mean intermoult period. This was followed by a period of sexual re-maturation, associated with positive growth and a decrease in the mean intermoult period. This study indicates multi-year spawning of E. superba and a life-span greater than 4 yr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409565
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anion channels in giant liposomes made of endoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rat exocrine pancreas (1988)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 104 (1988), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: anion channel ; endoplasmic reticulum ; vesicle fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Using the method of dehydration and rehydration, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) vesicles, isolated by differential centrifugation, can be enlarged to giant liposomes with diameters ranging from 5 to 200 μm. Patch-clamp studies on these giant RER liposomes revealed the existence of a channel with a mean conductance of 260±7 pS (n=23; 140 mmol/liter KCl on both sides). The channel is about four times more permeable for Cl− than for K+. Its activity is strongly voltage regulated. At low potentials (±20 mV) the channel is predominantly in its open state with an open probability near 1.0, whereas it closes permanently at high positive and negative voltages (±70 mV). The channel activity is not influenced by changing the free Ca2+ concentration from 1 mmol/liter to less than 10−9 mol/liter on either side, and is also not affected by typical Cl−-channel blockers like diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC, 1 mmol/liter) or 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS, 1 mmol/liter). Another chloride channel with a singlechannel conductance of 79±6 pS (n=4) was less frequently observed. In the potential range of −80 to +40 mV this channel displayed no voltage-dependent gating. We assume that these anion channels are involved in the maintenance of electroneutrality during Ca2+ uptake in the RER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872329
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism at the mouse Thb locus (1994)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 39 (1994), S. 390-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mouse ThB is a 15 000 M r glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol anchored cell surface glycoprotein that shares amino acid homology with Ly-6 molecules; the gene is closely linked to Ly-6 on chromosome 15. The Thb locus has two alleles, Thb h and Thb l , which control the level of expression of ThB molecules on thymocytes (as shown herein) and on splenic B cells, and is therefore different from the usual polymorphisms of other Ly loci which give an all or none serological reaction. The reason for the expression polymorphism is unknown and could include a different protein structure in ThB molecules, altered glycosylation, or differences in transcriptional control. To determine the reason for the differences in expression, we examined the RNA (cDNA) sequence of Thb h and Thb l alleles: there was complete nucleotide identity in the cDNA sequence in both ThBhigh (C57BL/6)- and ThBlow (BALB/c)-expressing strains; the RNA and protein sequences would therefore be identical. In addition to the difference in the amount of cell surface glycoprotein, there was also a difference in the level of ThB mRNA in ThBhigh and ThBlow strains; thus the differences in ThB expression are likely to be due to different rates of transcription of the two alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176155
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of the influence of the Basset force on the statistics of LDV velocity data sampled in a flow region with a large spatial velocity gradient (1997)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 23 (1997), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The motion of small particles, such as those typically used as seeding particles for tracer particle flow velocity measurement techniques, is studied numerically for a flow region with a large spatial velocity gradient. The influence of the Basset history integral on the statistics of results of particle motion calculations which are based on multi-disperse particle size distributions is investigated. The biasing of the measured velocity data, with regard to the actual flow velocity, which results as a consequence of such particle size distributions is discussed. It is found that the net effect of the Basset integral on the calculations is indeed to reduce the maximum RMS deviation associated with the multi-disperse distribution and that the relative reduction increases with a decreasing particle density. The main result of this study is, thus, that it is desirable to use light tracer particles not only because they more readily adjust to a changed flow velocity but in particular also because they tend to contribute less to the overall RMS deviation of velocity data sampled in a region with a large spatial gradient of the flow velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050085
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and structure of the mouse ThB gene (1995)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 42 (1995), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associative learning in a network model of Hermissenda crassicornis (1993)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 69 (1993), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A companion paper in a previous issue of this journal presented a resistance-capacitance circuit computer model of the four-neuron visual-vestibular network of the invertebrate marine mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. In the present paper, we demonstrate that changes in the model's output in response to simulated associative training is quantitatively similar to behavioral and electrophysiological changes in response to associative training of Hermissenda crassicornis. Specifically, the model demonstrates many characteristics of conditioning: sensitivity to stimulus contingency, stimulus specificity, extinction, and savings. The model's learning features also are shown to be devoid of non-associative components. Thus, this computational model is an excellent tool for examining the information flow and dynamics of biological associative learning and for uncovering insights concerning associative learning, memory, and recall that can be applied to the development of artificial neural networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal polymorphism in Festuca arundinacea (1966)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 18 (1966), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Within F. arundinacea ten exotic populations each crossed with an indigenous bred form S. 170, and their hybrids, were grouped into fertile, partly fertile and sterile categories. Four were fertile hybrids with bivalent pairing (20.75 to 20.99/cell) and high pollen fertility. Two were partly fertile with univalents, and bivalents (18.26 to 19.54/cell) and rarely multivalents. The pollen fertility was low. Four hybrids were completely sterile with low or nil pollen fertility. The bivalent formation was low (12.94 to 14.25/cell) while the frequency of univalents and multivalents was high. There was evidence of structural changes of both gross (multivalents formation due to translocation; univalents due to inversions and deletions) and cryptic types from these hybrids. This diversity in the chromosomal constitution of several populations could be the result of several factors, including wide geographical distribution, climatic and edaphic diversity of the population, polyploid nature of the species, restriction of the gene pool and successful mode of vegetative propagation. In some of the populations an isolating mechanism has been effectively established and may well represent an initial stage in speciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326440
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