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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancyromonadida: A New Phylogenetic Lineage Among the Protozoa Closely Related to the Common Ancestor of Metazoans, Fungi, and Choanoflagellates (Opisthokonta) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Protozoa — Flagellate —Ancyromonas—Apusomonas— Opisthokont — 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA — Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Molecular and morphological evidence points to the ancyromonad Ancyromonas as a plausible candidate for the closest relative to the common ancestor of metazoans, fungi, and choanoflagellates (the Opisthokonta). Using 18S rDNA sequences from most of the major eukaryotic lineages, maximum-likelihood, minimum-evolution, and maximum-parsimony analyses yielded congruent phylogenies supporting this hypothesis. Combined with ultrastructural similarities between Ancyromonas and opisthokonts, the evidence presented here suggests that Ancyromonas may form an independent lineage, the Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1997, closer in its relationship to the opisthokonts than is its nearest protist relatives, the Apusomonadida. However, the very low bootstrap support for deep nodes and hypothesis testing indicate that the resolving power of 18S rDNA sequences is limited for examining this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny. Alternate branching positions for the Ancyromonas lineage cannot be robustly rejected, revealing the importance of ultrastructure when examining the origins of multicellularity. The future use of a multigene approach may additionally be needed to resolve this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010089
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desulforhopalus vacuolatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new moderately psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium with gas vacuoles isolated from a temperate estuary (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic sulfate reduction ; Incomplete ; propionate oxidation ; Marine environment ; Low ; temperature ; Psychrophilic bacteria ; Growth yields ; Desulforhopalus vacuolatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of gas-vacuolated, sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated at 10° C from reduced mud (E0 〈 0) obtained from a temperate estuary with thiosulfate and lactate as substrates. The strain was moderately psychrophilic with optimum growth at 18–19° C and a maximum growth temperature of 24° C. Propionate, lactate, and alcohols served as electron donors and carbon sources. The organism grew heterotrophically only with hydrogen as electron donor. Propionate and lactate were incompletely oxidized to acetate; traces of lactate were fermented to propionate, CO2, and possibly acetate in the presence of sulfate. Pyruvate was utilized both with and without an electron acceptor present. The strain did not contain desulfoviridin. The G+C content was 48.4 mol%. The differences in the 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate compared with that of its closest phylogenetic neighbors, bacteria of the genus Desulfobulbus, support the assignment of the isolate to a new genus. The isolate is described as the type strain of the new species and genus, Desulforhopalus vacuolatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050371
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThiomicrospira ; Hydrothermal vent ; microbial communities ; Ribosomal RNA ; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Microbial diversity ; Colorless sulfur bacteria ; 16S rDNA ; Phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments was used to explore the genetic diversity of hydrothermal vent microbial communities, specifically to determine the importance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria therein. DGGE analysis of two different hydrothermal vent samples revealed one PCR band for one sample and three PCR bands for the other sample, which probably correspond to the dominant bacterial populations in these communities. Three of the four 16S rDNA fragments were sequenced. By comparison with 16S rRNA sequences of the Ribosomal Database Project, two of the DGGE-separated fragments were assigned to the genus Thiomicrospira. To identify these ’phylotypes' in more detail, a phylogenetic framework was created by determining the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (approx. 1500 nucleotides) from three described Thiomicrospira species, viz., Tms. crunogena, Tms. pelophila, Tms. denitrificans, and from a new isolate, Thiomicrospira sp. strain MA2-6. All Thiomicrospira species except Tms. denitrificans formed a monophyletic group within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Tms. denitrificans was assigned as a member of the epsilon subdivision and was distantly affiliated with Thiovulum, another sulfur-oxidizing bacterium. Sequences of two dominant 16S rDNA fragments obtained by DGGE analysis fell into the gamma subdivision Thiomicrospira. The sequence of one fragment was in all comparable positions identical to the 16S rRNA sequence of Tms. crunogena. Identifying a dominant molecular isolate as Tms. crunogena indicates that this species is a dominant community member of hydrothermal vent sites. Another ’phylotype' represented a new Thiomicrospira species, phylogenetically in an intermediate position between Tms. crunogena and Tms. pelophila. The third ’phylotype' was identified as a Desulfovibrio, indicating that sulfate-reducing bacteria, as sources of sulfide, may complement sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria ecologically in these sulfide-producing hydrothermal vents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulfate-reducing bacterium from the oxic layer of a microbial mat from Solar Lake (Sinai), Desulfovibrio oxyclinae sp. nov. (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 167 (1997), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Desulfovibrio ; 16S rRNA ; Cyanobacterial mat ; Aerobic respiration ; Oxygen-indifferent sulfate ; reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an investigation on the oxygen tolerance of sulfate-reducing bacteria, a strain was isolated from a 107-fold dilution of the upper 3-mm layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat (transferred from Solar Lake, Sinai). The isolate, designated P1B, appeared to be well-adapted to the varying concentrations of oxygen and sulfide that occur in this environment. In the presence of oxygen strain P1B respired aerobically with the highest rates [260 nmol O2 min–1 (mg protein)–1] found so far among marine sulfate-reducing bacteria. Besides H2 and lactate, even sulfide or sulfite could be oxidized with oxygen. The sulfur compounds were completely oxidized to sulfate. Under anoxic conditions, it grew with sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor using H2, lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, propanol, or butanol as the electron donor. Furthermore, in the absence of electron donors the isolate grew by disproportionation of sulfite or thiosulfate to sulfate and sulfide. The highest respiration rates with oxygen were obtained with H2 at low oxygen concentrations. Aerobic growth of homogeneous suspensions was not obtained. Additions of 1% oxygen to the gas phase of a continuous culture resulted in the formation of cell clumps wherein the cells remained viable for at least 200 h. It is concluded that strain P1B is oxygen-tolerant but does not carry out sulfate reduction in the presence of oxygen under the conditions tested. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that strain P1B belongs to the genus Desulfovibrio, with Desulfovibrio halophilus as its closest relative. Based on physiological properties strain P1B could not be assigned to this species. Therefore, a new species, Desulfovibrio oxyclinae, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050457
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology, phylogenetic relationships, and ecology of filamentous sulfate-reducing bacteria (genus Desulfonema) (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Gliding bacteria ; Desulfonema ; Isolation ; Oligonucleotide probing ; Sediments ; Microbial mats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microscopy of organic-rich, sulfidic sediment samples of marine and freshwater origin revealed filamentous, multicellular microorganisms with gliding motility. Many of these neither contained sulfur droplets such as the Beggiatoa species nor exhibited the autofluorescence of the chlorophyll-containing cyanobacteria. A frequently observed morphological type of filamentous microorganism was enriched under anoxic conditions in the dark with isobutyrate plus sulfate. Two strains of filamentous, gliding sulfate-reducing bacteria, Tokyo 01 and Jade 02, were isolated in pure cultures. Both isolates oxidized acetate and other aliphatic acids. Enzyme assays indicated that the terminal oxidation occurs via the anaerobic C1 pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway). The 16S rRNA genes of the new isolates and of the two formerly described filamentous species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfonema limicola and Desulfonema magnum, were analyzed. All four strains were closely related to each other and affiliated with the δ-subclass of Proteobacteria. Another close relative was the unicellular Desulfococcus multivorans. Based on phylogenetic relationships and physiological properties, Strains Tokyo 01 and Jade 02 are assigned to a new species, Desulfonema ishimotoi. A new, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe targeted against 16S rRNA was designed so that that it hybridized specifically with whole cells of Desulfonema species. Filamentous bacteria that hybridized with the same probe were detected in sediment samples and in association with the filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioploca in its natural habitat. We conclude that Desulfonema species constitute an ecologically significant fraction of the sulfate-reducing bacteria in organic-rich sediments and microbial mats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050760
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary soliton on a charged surface of liquid helium and hydrogen films (1997)
    Springer
    JETP letters 65 (1997), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 67.70.+n ; 67.55.Hc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A change in the shape of a charged surface of liquid hydrogen and helium — the formation of a solitary wave (a positively charged hump for hydrogen and a negatively charged dimple for helium)-is observed in an electric field exceeding a critical value under conditions of total compensation of the applied field by the surface charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note on the energy scale of the Michigan OSO III ion chamber (1972)
    Springer
    Solar physics 22 (1972), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy scale of the Michigan OSO III soft X-ray ion chamber has been assessed by using realistic theoretical X-ray spectra. Multiplicative factors by which the data may be corrected are proposed. The factors are only slightly temperature-dependent. A test of the proposed energy scale indicates it is still somewhat uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145476
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar soft X-rays and solar activity (1972)
    Springer
    Solar physics 24 (1972), S. 434-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Peak fluxes of flare-associated 8–12 Å X-ray bursts occur at or near the time of the maximum energy content of the soft X-ray source volume. The amplitudes of flare-associated bursts may thus be used as a measure of the energy deposited in the source volume by non-thermal electrons and other processes. In the mean, the soft X-ray burst amplitude is apparently independent of the occurrence of a type III event. This is interpreted to indicate that electrons accelerated by the type III process do not directly participate in establishing the soft X-ray source volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153386
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photospheric network from study of manganese lines (1978)
    Springer
    Solar physics 59 (1978), S. 275-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Area scans with the multi-channel magnetograph at the Kitt Peak McMath Telescope provided simultaneous measures of equivalent widths in two Mn lines, continuum intensity and longitudinal magnetic field component. Observations were carried out with apertures of 2.5″ × 3.5″ arc and 1″ × 1″ arc. For the network elements, which were identified using the magnetic field as tracer, we developed relationships betweenI Continuum,W λ V Doppler and longitudinal field strength. With a minimum of assumptions it is possible to write from these observed relations an expression connecting true temperature perturbation in the line forming layers of the network to true longitudinal field strength. The results provide some constraints upon possible network models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00951834
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of the solar soft X-ray component; study of its relation to transient and slowly-varying phenomena observed at other wavelengths (1969)
    Springer
    Solar physics 6 (1969), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solar X-rays from 8–12 Å have been observed with an ion chamber photometer and fluxes derived from the observations after an assumption concerning the spectral distribution. The time variation of the X-ray flux correlates well with the radio flux, plage index, and sunspot number. Comparisons of X-ray and optical events are given; flares seem to produce soft X-rays, but some soft X-ray bursts are apparently not associated with flares. The total energy involved in the soft X-ray bursts may be a significant amount of the total flare radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150944
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