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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen absorption is usually observed during batch-type hot-band annealing of electrical steel sheets containing aluminium. This nitrogenizing causes the deterioration of magnetic properties, such as core loss and induction. In order to prevent nitrogenizing, we investigate an antimony treatment on the hot strip surface of electrical steel sheets containing aluminium. Potassium antimonyl tartrate and colloidal antimony oxides (Sb2O5) are effective against nitrogenizing. It seems that active sites on the surface of the hot strip after pickling are covered with antimony oxides to block the adsorption of nitrogen. Magnetic properties, after cold-rolling and continuous annealing of the nitrogenizing hot band, deteriorate due to small grains near the surface whose boundaries are pinned by aluminium nitrides.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a global system of the magnetic field and current from the interaction of the solar wind plasma and the interstellar medium is modeled using a 3-D MHD simulation. The terminal shock, the heliopause and the outer shock are clearly determined in our simulation. In the heliosheath the toroidal magnetic field is found to increase with the distance from the sun. The magnetic field increases rapidly in the upstream region of the heliosheath and becomes maximum between the terminal shock and the heliopause. Hence a shell-type magnetic wall is found to be formed in the heliosheath. Because of this magnetic wall the radially expanding solar wind plasma changes its direction tailward in all latitudes except the equatorial region. Only the equatorial disk-like plasma flow is found to extend to the heliopause through the weak magnetic-field region around the equator. Two kinds of global current loops which sustain the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosphere are found in our simulation. The influence of the 11-year solar cycle variation of the magnetic polarity is also examined. It is found that the polarity of the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosheath switches at every solar cycle change. Hence the heliosheath is found to consist of such magnetized plasma bubbles. The neutral sheets are found to extend between such magnetized plasma bubbles in the 3-D heliosheath in a complicated form. The magnetic-pressure effect on the heliosheath plasma structure is also examined.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 326 (1987), S. 362-364 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A selenocyanate-selective electrode was prepared from tri-n-octylmethylammonium selenocyanate ion-exchanger and a matrix, Urushi. A linear potential-concentration curve was obtained within the concentration range of 10−1–10−5 mol/l selenocyanate. When 45–50 wt% of trin-octylmethylammonium selenocyanate ion-exchanger and 55-50 wt% of raw Urushi latex were used, the slope of the linear part of the potential-concentration curve was 60 mV per decade change of the selenocyanate concentration. The static response time was less than 30 s. The electrode exhibited constant potential within the pH range 2–10. The selectivity coefficient for the electrode was measured with the mixed solution method. The electrode was used for the measurement of the formation of selenocyanate from selenious acid, ascorbic acid and potassium cyanide.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Selenocyanat-selective Elektrode wurde aus einem Tri-n-octylmethylammonium-Selenocyanat-Austauscher und einer Urushi-Matrix hergestellt. Lineare Potential-Konzentrations-Kurven wurden im Konzentrationsbereich 10−1 bis 10−5 mol/l Selenocyanat erhalten. Bei Einsatz von 45–50% Tri-n-octylmethylammonium-Selenocyanat und 55-50% rohem Urushi-Latex betrug die Neigung des linearen Teils der Potential-Konzentrationskurve 60 mV pro Zehnerpotenz Selenocyanatkonzentration. Die statische Ansprechzeit war weniger als 30 s. Die Elektrode wies im pH-Bereich von 2–10 ein konstantes Potential auf. Der Selektivitätskoeffizent wurde nach der Methode der Lösungsgemische gemessen. Die Elektrode wurde angewendet zur Messung der Bildung von Selenocyanat aus seleniger Säure, Ascorbinsäure und Kaliumcyanid.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 1055-1059 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of titanium inclusions on magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets were investigated. The magnetic induction and core loss of test specimens deteriorated as the titanium content increased. Electron microscopic study revealed that the deterioration was classified into two types: one was caused in the steels containing 〈0.016 wt% titanium by the “pinning effects” of titanium carbonitrides on the recrystallization of cold-rolled sheets, and the other occurred in the steels containing 〉0.016 wt% titanium by numerous (Fe, Ti)P precipitates in both grains and grain boundaries.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 320 (1985), S. 278-280 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A lead ion-selective electrode responding to polyphosphate ions, such as pyro-, hexameta- and tripolyphosphate ions, has been developed and successfully used for the determination of these ions in the concentration range of 10−6–10−2 Min neutral solution. Almost identical potential-activity curves were obtained and the largest potential change was observed in the concentration range of 10−6–10−5 M (about -35 mV per decade of the concentration of each ion at pH 7.0). The response time was 1–3 min.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine auf Polyphosphationen (Pyro-, Hexameta-, Tripolyphosphat) ansprechende Blei-ionenselektive Elektrode wurde entwickelt und mit Erfolg zur Bestimmung der genannten Ionen im Konzentrationsbereich 10−6–10−2 M in neutraler Lösung eingesetzt. Es wurden fast identische Potential-Aktivitäts-Kurven erhalten. Die größte Potentialänderung ergab sich im Bereich von 10−6–10−5 M (etwa -35 mV je Zehnerpotenz der Konzentration bei pH 7.0). Die Ansprechzeit betrug 1–3 min.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 323 (1986), S. 142-144 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new hydrogen ion-selective based on an iron hydroxo complex was proposed. The ion sensing membrane was composed of the iron(III) hydroxo complex, membrane solvent and polyvinyl chloride. The proposed electrode using 1-decanol as the most favourable solvent showed a linear pH-response from 0 to 5 with a potential change of 56 mV per pH-unit. The characteristics of the proposed electrode and a discussion on the response mechanism are reported.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Membran der vorgeschlagenen ionen-selektiven Elektrode besteht aus einem Eisen(III)-hydroxokomplex, dem Membran-Lösungsmittel und Polyvinylchlorid. Mit 1-Decanol als günstigstem Lösungsmittel ergab sich eine lineare Anzeige von pH 0 bis 5 mit einer Potentialänderung von 56 mV/pH. Die Charakteristik der vorgeschlagenen Elektrode wird beschrieben und der Ansprechmechanismus diskutiert.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 212-213 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat ; Elektroden, ionenselektive ; bleiselektive Elektrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A lead ion-sensitive electrode responds to phosphate ion, and is successfully used for the determination of the ion in the concentration range of 10−5–10−1 M at a pH of 7–9 in the presence of 0.1 M sodium perchlorate and 5×10−2 M ammonium sulphate-ammonium hydroxide as ionic strength adjuster and pH buffer, respectively. The slope of the calibration curves is about −19 mV per decade of the concentration. The response reaches equilibrium within several min after immersing the electrode in the phosphate solution. Common anions, as F−, Cl−, Br−, NO 3 − , NO 2 − and HCO 3 s- , have little effect on the determination of phosphate ion, but OH−, HAsO 4 2− and I− affect it.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Phosphatbestimmung kann im Bereich 10−5 bis 10−1 M bei pH 7–9 in Gegenwart von 0,1 M Natriumperchlorat und 5×10−2 M Ammoniumsulfat/ Ammoniumhydroxid zur Einstellung der Ionenstärke und als Puffer durchgeführt werden. Die Neigung der Eichkurve beträgt etwa −19 mV je Zehnerpotenz der Phosphatkonzentration. Wenige Minuten nach Eintauchen der Elektrode wird eine konstante Anzeige erreicht. Übliche Ionen, wie F−, Cl−, Br−, NO 3 − , NO 2 − und HCO 3 − , haben nur einen geringen Einfluß auf die Bestimmung, während OH−, HAsO 4 2− und J− stören.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 15-17 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(II) in Wasser mit Bathophenanthrolin ; Colorimetrie, Spektralphotometrie ; Polyvinylchlorid-Testfilm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A transparent test film for rapid and semi-quantitative determination of small amounts of ferrous ion in water was prepared. The film is composed of bathophenanthroline, tributyl phosphate and polyvinyl chloride as colour reagent, solvent, and supporting material, respectively. The test film is coloured by immersing into the sample solution, and the colour intensity of the film (proportional to the ferrous concentration in the 0.1 ∼ 5.6 ppm range) is compared visually with a colour scale or measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. 0.1 ppm of ferrous ion can be detected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur schnellen halbquantitativen Bestimmung von Eisen(II) in Wasser wurde ein transparenter Testfilm entwickelt, der als Reagens Bathophenanthrolin, als Lösungsmittel Tributylphosphat und als Trägermaterial Polyvinylchlorid enthält. Nach Eintauchen in die Probelösung wird die Färbung des Films (die der Eisenkonzentration im Bereich von 0,1–5,6 ppm proportional ist) entweder visuell durch Vergleich mit einer Farbskala oder spektralphotometrisch bei 540 nm gemessen. Noch 0,1 ppm Eisen(II) kann erfaßt werden.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 44-45 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat, Arsenat ; Elektroden, ionenselektive ; Ag-selektive Elektrode, indirekt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 320 (1985), S. 125-127 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Metal ions, such as cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium, were separated as the anionic metal-EDTA complexes using an ion-chromatograph equipped with anion separator system. The separated complex anions in the eluent (3×10−3 M NaHCO3/2.4×10−3 M Na2CO3) were detected by conductivity measurement. When 100 μl of the sample solution containing 10−4 M EDTA was introduced into the analytical system, up to 5.0 ppm of metal ions were determined. The method was applied to the determination of metal ions in plating solution and waste water samples. When the sample solution was introduced into the system, a chromatogram of anions in the sample was obtained. Then the sample solution with EDTA was introduced and a chromatogram of anions and metal-EDTA complexes was obtained. The metals were determined from the difference of the former and the latter chromatograms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Metallionen wurden als anionische Metall-EDTA-Komplexe getrennt, wobei ein Ionenchromatograph mit Anionenseparatorsystem benutzt wurde. Die getrennten Anionenkomplex-Ionen wurden im Eluat (3 · 10−3 M NaHCO3/2,4 · 10−3 M Na2CO3) durch Leitfä-higkeitsmessung erfaßt. In 100 μl Probelösung mit 10−4 M EDTA konnten 5,0 ppm Metall bestimmt werden. Das Verfahren wurde auf galvanische Lösungen und Abwasser angewendet. Bei Einführung der Probelösung in das System erhält man ein Chromatogramm der vorhandenen Anionen. Wenn dann Probe + EDTA injiziert wird, ergibt sich ein Chromatogramm der Anionen und Metall-EDTA-Komplexe. Die Metallgehalte resultieren aus der Differenz.
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