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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An active source electromagnetic sounding system for marine use (1990)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 12 (1990), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: electrical conductivity ; instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Instrumentation has been developed for carrying out active source electromagnetic sounding experiments in the deep oceans. Experiments of this type are directly and uniquely sensitive to the presence of molten or partially molten material, to temperature structure and to the porosity of upper crustal rocks such as those that accommodate hydrothermal circulation systems. Electromagnetic sounding experiments therefore represent an extremely desirable addition to the existing range of geophysical techniques for studying geological processes in thermally, hydrothermally or magmatically active regions—for example, at oceanic spreading centres. The instruments can be operated in regions of rugged, unsedimented sea bottom terrain, and are designed for investigating the distribution of electrical conductivity within the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle. The instrumentation consists of a deep towed, horizontal electric dipole transmitter and a set of free-fall, sea bottom, horizontal electric field recording devices. The transmitter is a deep-towed instrument, which is provided with power from the towing ship through a conducting cable. The transmitter package is fitted with an integral echo sounder, which allows it to be towed safely a short distance above the seabed. Electromagnetic signals are transmitted from a neutrally-buoyant antenna array, which is streamed behind the deep tow. The sea bottom receiving instruments each consist of a recoverable package which contains the instrumentation and digital recording system, an acoustic release unit, four low-noise, porous electrodes arranged in two orthogonal, horizontal dipoles, and a disposable bottom weight. The instruments have been used at sea on three occasions. On their most recent use, active source signals were successfully recorded during an experiment to investigate crustal magmatism and hydrothermal circulation beneath the axis of the East Pacific Rise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310563
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ocean-bottom hydrophone recorder for seismic refraction experiments (1981)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 5 (1981), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new and inexpensive pop-up ocean-bottom hydrophone recorder has been developed for use in seismic refraction experiments. It is capable of operating in water depths of up to 4000 m and in very rugged topography, and uses an acoustic command system built by the U.K. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences for recovery. The instrument is mounted in an inexpensive cylindrical pressure case based on commercially available extruded aluminium alloy tubing, and uses glass spheres and syntactic foam for buoyancy. Hydrophone and clock signals are frequency modulated and recorded on tape cassettes, with a recording duration of three hours allowing up to 18 programmed shot windows. The prototype has made seven free descents on the Mid-Atlantic ridge and in the Gulf of Oman, and successfully recorded shots under operational conditions for the first time in September 1979. The total component cost of the prototype was £2740 (1979 prices).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163478
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar and cometary ices: Molecular emission from comet 1996 B2 (1996)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459787
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning Low-Level Vision (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of computer vision 40 (2000), S. 25-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1405
    Keywords: vision and learning ; belief propagation ; low-level vision ; super-resolution ; shading and reflectance ; motion estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We describe a learning-based method for low-level vision problems—estimating scenes from images. We generate a synthetic world of scenes and their corresponding rendered images, modeling their relationships with a Markov network. Bayesian belief propagation allows us to efficiently find a local maximum of the posterior probability for the scene, given an image. We call this approach VISTA—Vision by Image/Scene TrAining. We apply VISTA to the “super-resolution” problem (estimating high frequency details from a low-resolution image), showing good results. To illustrate the potential breadth of the technique, we also apply it in two other problem domains, both simplified. We learn to distinguish shading from reflectance variations in a single image under particular lighting conditions. For the motion estimation problem in a “blobs world”, we show figure/ground discrimination, solution of the aperture problem, and filling-in arising from application of the same probabilistic machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026501619075
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of the major planet atmospheres: Clues from trace species (1994)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 67 (1994), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613292
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comets, meteorites and atmospheres (1996)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 72 (1996), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relatively low value of Xe/Kr in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars seems to rule out meteorites as the major carriers of noble gases to the inner planets. Laboratory experiments on the trapping of gases in ice forming at low temperatures suggest that comets may be a better choice. It is then possible to develop a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres based on volatiles delivered by comets added to volatiles originally trapped in planetary rocks. The model will be tested by results from the Galileo Entry Probe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117546
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapping and release of gases by water ice and implications for icy bodies (1986)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 16 (1986), S. 220-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421991
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The search for other planets: Clues from the solar system (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 212 (1994), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies of element abundances and values of D/H in the atmospheres of the outer planets and Titan support a two-step model for the formation of these bodies. This model suggests that the dimensions of Uranus provide a good index for the sensitivity required to detect planets around other stars. The high proportion of N2 on the surfaces of Pluto and Triton indicates that this gas was the dominant reservoir of nitrogen in the early solar nebula. It should also be abundant on pristine comets. There is evidence that some of these comets may well have brought a large store of volatiles to the inner planets, while others were falling into the sun. In other systems, icy planetesimals falling into stars should reveal themselves through high values of D/H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984503
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites (1980)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 22 (1980), S. 205-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is the entire report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites, including three annexes. Tables give the recemmended values for the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets and satellites. Reference surfaces for mapping these bodies are described. The annexes discuss the guiding principles, given in the body of the report, present explanatory notes, and provide a bibliography of the rotational elements and reference surfaces of the planets and satellites, definitions, and algebraic expressions of relevant parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01229508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology of spawning humpback chub, Gila cypha, in the Little Colorado River near Grand Canyon, Arizona (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 55 (1999), S. 115-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cyprinidae ; stream fishes ; reproduction ; habitat ; endangered species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphologically unique and endangered humpback chub, Gila cypha, is found in canyon-bound reaches of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Now limited to six isolated reproducing populations, this species is believed to have been once distributed over a large portion of the mainstem river. Because the species inhabits remote canyon areas, little is known about its spawning ecology. The largest remaining population occurs in the lower Little Colorado River (LCR) near Grand Canyon, where we conducted a three-year study of spawning ecology during spring (March-June) 1993–1995. We analyzed seasonal patterns of movement, population density, relative condition, spawning scores, and frequency of ripe condition and fin abrasions and compared these data with seasonal discharge and water temperature to determine spawning phenology and ecology. Spawning commenced in late March, peaked in mid-April, and waned in mid-May. A high proportion of males remained ripe over this period, whereas ripe females were relatively abundant only in April. Increased densities of adult fish in March-April and rapid declines in May-June coupled with recaptures of 18.4% of these adults in the Colorado River suggest that a portion of the population migrated from the Colorado River into the LCR to spawn and then returned. Ripe males aggregated in areas of complex habitat structure with high angular variation in bottom profiles (matrix of large boulders, travertine masses combined with chutes, runs and eddies, 0.5–2.0 m deep) and were associated with deposits of clean gravel. Ripe females appeared to move to these male aggregations to spawn. Near-spawning (including gravid) females and non-spawning fish used similar habitats and were segregated but close (〈 50 m) to habitats occupied by aggregations of ripe males. Abrasions on anal and lower caudal fins of males and females suggest that spawning involves contact with gravel substrates, where semi-adhesive eggs are deposited and fertilized. The findings of this study should aid recovery efforts for humpback chub by identifying spawning habitat within the historic distributional range where additional spawning stocks could be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007450826743
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