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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and organisation of antenna proteins in the light-and temperature-sensitive barley mutant chlorina-104 (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 111-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cab-gene expression ; Excitation energy transfer ; Hordeum ; Light harvesting complex I (monoclonal antibody) ; Mutant (barley) ; Thylakoid (freeze-fracture)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear gene mutant chlorina-104 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is chlorophyll-deficient when grown under high irradiance, particularly at low temperatures. Chlorina- 104 chloroplasts had fewer thylakoids than the wild type, and fewer appressed lamellae relative to non-appressed lamellae. The freeze-fracture ultrastructure showed a loss of particles from the protoplasmic fracture face of the stacked thylakoid region (PFs), consistent with the loss of most of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) II, and a loss of some of the large particles from the same face of the unstacked thylakoid region (PFu), indicating a loss of photosystem-I particles. The mutant is remarkable for the high density of particles on the exoplasmic fracture face of the unstacked thylakoid region (EFu), levels of which fell to normal after transfer to low light. The chlorophyll deficiency was shown to be primarily caused by the loss of LHCII and LHCI-680, with the consequent loss of much of the chlorophyll (Chl) b and the xanthophylls neoxanthin and lutein. The use of a monoclonal antibody which recognises the 23-kDa polypeptide of LHCI-680, confirmed that it was severely depleted in chloroplasts from chlorina-104 grown under restrictive conditions. The 77 K fluorescence emission spectrum was characterised by a pronounced shoulder at 720 nm, arising from the photosystem-I reaction centre (CPI). Since fluorescence from CPI is normally quenched by LHCI-730, this indicates that LHCI-680 mediates excitation energy transfer between LHCI-730 and the reaction centre. After moving seedlings to permissive conditions, LHCII and LHCI-680 began to accumulate in the chlorotic leaves and the fluorescence emission spectrum resembled that of wild-type leaves. Measurement of the steady-state mRNA levels with specific Cab probes, showed no difference between wild type and mutant, indicating that control of LHCII and LHCI-680 accumulation was at a post-transcriptional level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cysteine endopeptidase with a C-terminal KDEL motif isolated from castor bean endosperm is a marker enzyme for the ricinosome, a putative lytic compartment (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 206 (1998), S. 466-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cysteine endopeptidase ; Endosperm ; Microbody ; Ricinus ; Seed germination ; Senescence ; targeting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A papain-type cysteine endopeptidase with a molecular mass of 35 kDa for the mature enzyme, was purified from germinating castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) endosperm by virtue of its capacity to process the glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase precursor protein to the mature subunit in vitro (C. Gietl et al., 1997, Plant Physiol 113: 863–871). The cDNA clones from endosperm of germinating seedlings and from developing seeds were isolated and sequence analysis revealed that a very similar or identical peptidase is synthesised in both tissues. Sequencing established a presequence for co-translational targeting into the endoplasmic reticulum, an N-terminal propeptide and a C-terminal KDEL motif for the castor bean cysteine endopeptidase precursor. The 45-kDa pro-enzyme stably present in isolated organelles was enzymatically active. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies raised against the purified cysteine endopeptidase revealed highly specific labelling of ricinosomes, organelles which co-purify with glyoxysomes from germinating Ricinus endosperm. The cysteine endopeptidase from castor bean endosperm, which represents a senescing tissue, is homologous to cysteine endopeptidases from other senescing tissues such as the cotyledons of germinating mung bean (Vigna mungo) and vetch (Vicia sativa), the seed pods of maturing French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the flowers of daylily (Hemerocallis sp.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050423
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergy between Advanced Composites and New NDI Methods (1998)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 5 (1998), S. 137-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: aircraft nondestructive inspection ; certification ; composite structures ; D Sight ; impact damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A D Sight Aircraft Inspection System (DAIS 500) large area composite impact damage detection capability has been demonstrated using several structures. In order to obtain equivalent impact damage depths, the IM7/5250-4 structures had to be subjected to much higher impact energies than conventional AS4/3501-6 structures. It is postulated that the application of DAIS with its better than visual inspection sensitivity could lead to both increased design allowables and an alternate approach to certification of composite structures based on impact cumulative probability of occurrence. Further evidence of impact indent depth relaxation (over 30%) was observed. Indent relaxation may have significant implications with respect to the airworthiness of composite structures designed to BVID (barely visible impact damage) limits since this relaxation makes the damage site less apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008694223117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of different genotypes of Fragaria × ananassa and their seedling progenies to in vitro micropropagation and the effects of varying the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in the proliferation medium (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 17 (1989), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa ; strawberry ; micropropagation ; proliferation rate ; 6-benzylaminopurine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments are reported. In the first, six different strawberry genotypes were each grown in vitro on media containing five different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) ranging from 0.5 μM to 8.0 μM. Responses of the genotypes to different BAP levels varied and the optimum levels for maximum proliferation were between 1 μM and 8 μM. In the second experiment the six genotypes were split into two groups of three and all crosses between the two groups were made. Seedlings from the nine progenies were then grown on media with the same five levels of BAP. Of the 12% of seedlings that did not proliferate, most were on media with the two lowest BAP levels (0.5 and 1.0 μM). Seedlings from crosses involving the cv. Bogota proliferated least, while the three progenies with the breeding line ES652 as a parent had the highest mean proliferation rates. One cross, Bogota × Providence, had a particularly low mean proliferation rate. It was concluded that to optimize proliferation rate the medium must be tailored to the genotype. The best medium could not be reliably predicted from knowledge of the pedigree of a genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046869
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does RGP predict field performance? A debate (1997)
    Springer
    New forests 13 (1997), S. 253-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: planting site ; planting stock quality ; reforestation ; seedling physiology ; seedling quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root Growth Potential (RGP) has become the most commonly used and reported measure of seedling quality. It has also been used to predict field performance after planting, but not everyone agrees that this is an appropriate use. The authors were solicited by the “Making the Grade” Organizing Committee to engage in a debate on the topic “Does Root Growth Potential (RGP) predict Field Performance” with D. G. Simpson arguing the affirmative position and G. A. Ritchie the negative. Simpson's key debate points are: (1) RGP predicts actual field performance when trees are dead __ dead trees do not grow, (2) RGP predicts field performance potential when water uptake is dependent on new root growth, and (3) RGP is a practical tool to monitor and improve reforestation system performance. Ritchie, arguing against the proposition, maintains that: (1) the logic which underlies the dependence of Field Performance on rapid root growth after planting is flawed, i.e. root growth immediately following planting rarely occurs because soils during the planting season are generally below the threshold temperature for root growth, and (2) RGP does not provide enough information about the complex of interacting factors which control Field Performance to give reliable, consistent predictions. The authors conclude by proposing a conceptual model which accommodates both positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006542526433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of detergent on the structure and composition of chlorosomes isolated from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (1993)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 35 (1993), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: BChl c aggregates ; cross-linking ; green bacteria ; light-harvesting antenna ; pigment organization ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated chlorosomes, treated with the detergent lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS), can be separated into two green fractions by agarose gel electrophoresis. One fraction contains chlorosomes with a full complement of proteins and antenna BChl c absorbing at 740 nm, but with a more spherical form than the normal ellipsoid shape observed in control chlorosomes. The second fraction was completely devoid of proteins but had a similar absorption spectrum. Electron micrographs of the protein-free fraction indicated the presence of stain-excluding spheres with overall dimensions resembling those of intact chlorosomes (40–100 nm). These spheres are probably micelles of BChl c liberated from the chlorosomes during the detergent treatment, since similar structures could be produced when purified BChl c, dissolved in 1-hexanol, was dispersed in buffer, producing an aggregate absorbing at 742 nm. These results suggest that the chlorosome proteins are not required to produce an arrangement of BChl c chromophores which gives rise to a 740 nm absorption peak resembling that of intact chlorosomes. It seems probable, however, that proteins have a role in determining the overall shape of the chlorosome. Treatment with cross-linking reagents did not prevent the detergent-induced changes in chlorosome morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016558
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll fluorescence transients in a barley mutant lacking Photosystem I (1993)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 35 (1993), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: gas phase ; modulated fluorescence ; pigment composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have compared the properties of a mutant of barley lacking Photosystem I (viridis-zb 63 ) with the corresponding wild type using modulated fluorescence measurements. The mutant showed two unexpected characteristics. Firstly, there was a slow decline in the fluorescence signal in the light which was dependent on the presence of O2 at concentrations similar to that in air; 2% O2 in N2 had no effect. The observed decline was mainly due to an increase in the non-photochemical quenching. Secondly, in the absence of O2, saturating light pulses caused a pronounced transient decrease in the fluorescence signal; a similar effect could also be observed in wild type plants when neither CO2 nor O2 was present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016561
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A barley cDNA clone encoding a type III chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of the light-harvesting complex II (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Type III LHCII ; CAB protein ; nucleotide sequence ; protein import ; light induction ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a leaf cDNA clone encoding a Type III chlorophyll a/b-binding (CAB) protein of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in barley is reported. Sequence comparisons and results from in vitro import into chloroplasts demonstrate that the cDNA clone encodes a functional transit peptide of 45 amino acid residues and a mature polypeptide of 223 residues with a predicted molecular mass of 24.3 kDa. After insertion into thylakoids, the mature protein is resistant to protease attack. Hybridization analysis using a gene-specific probe shows that the gene is expressed in dark-grown seedlings and that the amount of mRNA increases during illumination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026796
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The primary structure of a cDNA for PsaN, encoding an extrinsic lumenal polypeptide of barley photosystem I (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; chloroplast ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; photosystem I ; PsaN ; transit peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone encoding a 15.501 Da photosystem I (PSI) subunit of barley was isolated using an oligonucleotide based on the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the isolated protein. The polypeptide, which migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 9.5 kDa on denaturing SDS-PAGE, has been designated PSI-N, and the corresponding gene is PsaN. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence indicates a mature protein of 85 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 9818 Da. PSI-N is a hydrophilic, extrinsic protein with no predicted membrane-spanning regions. The transit peptide of 60 residues (5683 Da) contains a predicted hydrophobic α-helix, suggesting that the protein is routed into the thylakoid lumen. Thus, PSI-N is the second known lumenal protein component associated with PSI, together with PSI-F.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014940
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the levels of seven proteins involved in polypeptide folding and transport during endosperm development of two barley genotypes differing in storage protein localisation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 541-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum ; chaperones ; storage protein accumulation ; transport mutant ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Russian barley cultivar Nevsky lacks γ3 hordein and accumulates most of its hordein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and only a minor portion in the vacuole. In wild type barley and all other temperate cereals, storage proteins are deposited in the vacuole. F1 crosses revealed that the Nevsky phenotype is recessive; but the extent of hordein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum in F2 endosperm lacking γ3 hordein was very much less than in the Nevsky parent. In order to study the Nevsky endosperm phenotype we have measured the levels of seven proteins and two mRNAs involved in protein folding in the ER lumen or ER to Golgi transport during endosperm development. The protein levels were unaltered in Nevsky as compared to the wild-type variety Bomi. When the levels of these seven proteins were correlated with the rate of hordein accumulation, four of these (HSP70, PDI, Sar1p and Sec18p) were consistently up-regulated with hordein synthesis. Accumulation of hordein in the endoplasmic reticulum appears to be determined by the absence of γ3 hordein, or the product of a gene closely linked to it, plus one or more other recessive genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005916427024
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