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  • Springer  (7,356)
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 401-404 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract EPR and magnetic susceptibility investigations on the $$x{\text{V}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{5}} \cdot {\text{(100}} - {\text{x)[2P}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{5}} \cdot {\text{PbO]}}$$ glass system with 0〈x≤50 mol % were performed. The covalence degree of vanadium bonds was evaluated according to the LC AO-MO model. The changes observed in the EPR spectra with increasing V4+ ion content are explained using a simulation program on the assumption of the superposition of two signals, one with hyperfine structure (hfs) typical for isolated ions and another one consisting of a broad line without hfs characteristic for clustered ions. The hfs is not shown for x〈3mol%V2O5. The EPR data show the presence of V4+ ions in a square-pyramidal co-ordination (C4V) for 3≤x≤20mol%V2O5. The progressive disappearance of hfs for high V2O5 content (〉20 mol %) suggests the increase of the associated ion number coupled by superexchange interactions. This result is consistent with magnetic susceptibility data for 〉3 mol % where the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility is described by the Curie–Weiss type law with a negative paramagnetic Curie temperature. The magnetic susceptibility results allowed the estimation of the V4+/V4+ + V5+ ratio in the sample studied.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heights of formation of lines that do not exhibit Zeeman splitting are calculated using an LTE, partial non-LTE, and full non-LTE approach. Non-magnetic (g=0) lines are valuable for velocity investigations in quiet-Sun magnetic field regions, and a knowledge of their formation heights is useful for obtaining three dimensional velocity profiles in these regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 25 (1981), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ducks were chronically implanted with thermodes in the POAH region, the lower brainstem or the vertebral canal. At thermoneutral conditions, lowering the temperature of the spinal cord (Tvc) or the lower brainstem (Tmb) stimulated metabolic heat production (M) with a subsequent rise of core temperature (Tc). Lowering the temperature of the POAH region (Thy) induced a fall of Tc due to paradoxical activation of heat defence and, thus, induced slight to moderate general hypothermia depending on the cooling intensity. When Thy was normalized, the hypothermia temporarily stimulated metabolic heat production until Tc was normalized. Cold sensitivity of the entire body, as revealed by the metabolic response to the hypothermia induced by preceding POAH cooling, and cold sensitivity of the spinal cord and the lower brainstem, as revealed by the metabolic response to local cooling, were quantified by calculating the quotient δM/δT from the maximum metabolic response and the experimentally induced drop of Tc, Tmb and Tvc. With lower brainstem cooling δM/δTmbdid not exceed −0.4 W/(kg ·
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirica 23 (1996), S. 303-316 
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Regulation ; liquor ; fair trade ; L3 ; L5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Several estimation methods agree that state regulations such as resale price maintenance and retail price posting affected the prices of liquor brands up to the mid-1970s in the US states in which the distribution system is privately owned; before-versus-after analysis using the quasiexperimental method provides the strongest evidence. The effects of particular regulations are not so clearcut, however. In the 1970s, the regulations supporting these practices began to be removed. The regulations that continued in effect seem to have lost their potency about that time. The effects of regulation no longer are seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Geochronological investigations in high- and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks are problematic since firstly the low temperatures lead to fine grain size and disequilibrium assemblages, and secondly the problem of “excess argon” affects 40Ar-39Ar systematics, the most commonly used isotopic system. The Tavsanli Zone is a belt of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) rocks spanning NW Turkey and is one such region where previous geochronological studies have produced a range of estimates for the age of HP-LT metamorphism, raising the question of whether they are geologically significant. This study presents new data from the Tavsanli Zone; 40Ar-39Ar ages are in the range 60 Ma to 175 Ma, whilst Rb-Sr ages are restricted to 79.7 Ma to 82.8 Ma, confirming the presence of excess argon. Detailed ultra-violet laser ablation microprobe (UVLAMP) studies have revealed younger 40Ar-39Ar ages in the cores of coarser white micas, which in conjunction with 40Ar-39Ar ages from the finest grained lithologies and the Rb-Sr white mica crystallisation ages, constrain the post-HP-LT metamorphism exhumation rates of these rocks. Petrological and regional constraints suggest that syn-subduction exhumation and cooling took place initially by synchronous subduction and exhumation by underplating. This is followed by a phase of syn-continent-continent collision at a rate of approximately 1.5 mma−1 and exhumation to the surface via thrusting. The 40Ar-39Ar hornblende data from a granodiorite intruding the HP-LT rocks constrain the later parts of exhumation path. This study highlights the importance of a multi-system geochronological approach when attempting to determine the history of HP-LT rocks.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 46 (1976), S. 73-91 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of the velocity and magnetic fields associated with supergranulation has been investigated using the Sacramento Peak Observatory Diode Array Magnetograph. The observations consist of time sequences of simultaneous velocity, magnetic field, and chromospheric network measurements. From these data it appears that the supergranular velocity cells may have lifetimes in excess of the accepted value of 24 hours. Magnetic field motions associated with supergranulation were infrequent and seem to be accompanied by changes in the velocity field. More prevalent were the slow dissipation and diffusion of stationary flux points. Vertical velocity fields of 200 m s−1 appear to be confined to downflows in magnetic field regions at supergranular boundaries. These downflows are only observed using certain absorption lines. Corresponding upflows in the center of supergranules of less than 50 m s−1 may be present but cannot be confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: competent plant cells ; control of marker gene expression ; plant genetic engineering ; plant transformation ; transformation marker gene ; wound-site-specific promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There is much data to indicate that only a small number of cells in plant explants are competent for stable transformation by Agrobacterium. Circumstantial evidence suggests that certain cells reentering cell division at wound sites are competent for transformation by Agrobacterium. We have discovered a member of the intracellular PR gene family from asparagus (AoPR1) which is strongly expressed upon wounding and during the reactivation of the cell cycle in cultured asparagus cells, but which shows very little expression in intact plant tissues. The promoter from the AoPR1 gene was fused to an introncontaining GUS reporter gene and shown to be more strongly expressed than the commonly used CaMV 35S constitutive promoter in target cells for plant transformation. A transcriptional fusion of the AoPR1 promoter with an NPT-II gene was found to be a very efficient marker for the selection of transgenic tobacco callus. Expression of the AoPR1-NPT-II gene allowed efficient shoot formation on transgenic callus and efficient adventitious root formation on transgenic shoots. These latter observations provided firm evidence that transformation selection marker gene expression is most crucial at the early stages of the transformation process, during the establishment of transformed micro-calli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Major urinary protein ; menadione ; olfactory communication ; scent marking ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mouse urine contains large quantities of proteins (major urinary proteins, MUPs) that are thought to function by binding lipophilic and volatile semiochemicals in a central calyx of the MUP. Two notable semiochemicals are 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole and a brevicomin (3,4-dehydro-exo-brevicomin). MUPs derived from deposits of urine from wild caught mice contain neither of these ligands, but are replete with menadione. The menadione is probably incorporated in vitro from the environment, although some incorporation in vivo can also be demonstrated. These data show that the calyx of MUPs can bind other hydrophobic molecules derived from the environment, which may influence longevity of signal and deposition patterns of urinary scent marks. The ability to displace, rapidly and completely, the natural ligands by menadione also provides a new tool in the analysis of MUP function.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 74 (1928), S. 348-356 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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