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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of genetic complementation in the study of eukaryotic macromolecular evolution: Rate of spontaneous gene duplication at two loci ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 23 (1986), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Duplications ; Complementation ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Maroon-like ; Rosy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gene duplications must play an important role in the evolutionary development of living organisms. Presented here is a general scheme that uses complementary alleles to isolate gene duplications in diploid organisms. The technique was used inDrosophila melanogaster to assess the rate of spontaneous gene duplication at two loci, maroon-like and rosy. The results indicate (1) that the rate of duplication of the maroon-like locus is on the order of 2.7×10−6; (2) that the rate of duplication of the rosy locus is approximately 1.7×10−4; and (3) that duplication occurs in males, suggesting that there may actually be two modes of gene duplication inDrosophila melanogaster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of restriction endonucleases to measure mitochondrial DNA sequence relatedness in natural populations (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 17 (1981), S. 214-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction endonucleases ; Population surveys ; Maternal inheritance ; Gel electrophoresis ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction endonucleases and agarose gel electrophoresis have been used to demonstrate extensive nucleotide sequence diversity in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within and between conspecific populations of rodents and other mammals. Cleavage of mtDNA samples with a relatively small number of endonucleases provides information concerning the phylogenetic relatedness of individual organisms which cannot now be readily obtained by any other type of molecular analysis. This information is qualitatively different from that available from the study of nuclear genes or gene products because the mitochondrial genome is inherited intact from the female parent and is not altered by recombination or meiotic segregation. The requirements for large tissue samples and laborious DNA purification procedures have imposed severe limitations on the kinds of population surveys in which this technique could be utilized. Here, we show that these difficulties can be overcome by using DNA-DNA hybridization to detect minute amounts of mtDNA in crude tissue fractions which can be more easily and rapidly prepared from very small amounts of tissue without the use of expensive and immobile laboratory equipment. The techniques are described in detail in an effort to make restriction analysis of mtDNA available to biologists who may be unfamiliar with current DNA technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia: two new heterozygous frameshift mutations in exons 5 and 10 of the Gsα gene (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP-Ia) is a hereditary disease characterized by resistance to PTH and other hormones that act via cAMP. Patients have deficient activity of Gsα, the α subunit of the G protein, which couples hormone receptors to stimulation of adenylate cyclase. We describe two new mutations discovered in two sporadic patients with PHP-Ia. Using genomic DNA, we have amplified exons 2–13 of the Gsα gene (GNAS1) by PCR, and sequenced the resulting products. Both patients had Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, resistance to multiple hormones, and deficient Gsα activity. In the first patient, a deletion of a C in exon 5 at codon 115 was found. In the second patient, an insertion of a C in exon 10 at codon 267 was detected. Both these heterozygous mutations cause frameshift, and predict decreased production of Gsα. This report adds two new Gsα mutations to the known ten mutations recently described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218836
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular basis of phenotypic variation in patients with argininemia (1995)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 96 (1995), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Argininemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the liver-type arginase enzyme. Clinical manifestations include progressive spastic diplegia and mental retardation. While the quality of life can severely deteriorate in most such patients, some do show remarkable improvement in neurological symptoms while on controlled diets. We examined the thesis that differences in clinical responses to dietary treatment are based on molecular heterogeneity in mutant arginase alleles. Genomic DNAs from 11 patients with argininemia were examined using the polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequencing. Nine mutations representing 21/22 mutant alleles were identified in 11 patients with argininemia, and four of these mutations were expressed in vitro to determine the severity of enzymatic defects. We found that these mutations accounted for 64% of the mutant alleles in our patients. Based on findings in vitro expression tests, the mutations can be considered either severe or moderate. Patients with at least one moderate mutant allele responded well to dietary treatment; concentrations of plasma arginine were controlled within 300 μM. In contrast, patients with two severely mutated alleles did not respond to dietary treatment and plasma arginine was over 400 μM. Argininemia is heterogeneous at the molecular level. The degree of clinical improvement during dietary treatment is reflected in the concentration of arginine in plasma, as a measure of metabolic control. Plasma arginine levels during treatment is reflected in the concentration of arginine in plasma, as a measure of metabolic control. Plasma arginine levels during treatment correlated with types of molecular defects in the arginase genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterning of high T c superconducting thin films by copper-vapour laser (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The projection microscope, based on a copper-vapour laser (CVL), is a unique system which combines the capabilities of a high magnification optical microscope and the performance of a high quality laser. The system performance with respect to high T c superconducting (HTSC) device technology was studied using a scanning electron microscope. CVL patterning of YBaCuO films was demonstrated down to less than 2 μm. The thin films could be partially etched in depth just by controlling the laser pulse power density. In addition in HTSC device applications it could remove layers from thin films up to a complete etching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008978801081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ambiguity and risk taking in organizations (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 7 (1993), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: ambiguity ; risk taking ; decision behavior ; organizations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Kunreuther, Meszaros, and Hogarth (1993) argue that insurers are risk averse and ambiguity averse, and that they use cognitive reference points and constraints in making pricing decisions. They further claim that insurer ambiguity may be a factor that has a role in market failure at the industry level. Arguably, ambiguity may be an important aspect of decision behavior. In this article, research on managerial risk taking is reviewed with a focus on the relationship between ambiguity and risk taking. In particular, the effects of the organizational and institutional context are highlighted. It is argued that the political aspects of insurer decision behavior should be considered as well. Implications for further study and understanding of decision making are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modernizing small manufacturers in Japan: The role of local public technology centers (1992)
    Springer
    The journal of technology transfer 17 (1992), S. 40-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7047
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: Abstract Japan's hundreds of thousands of small manufacturing enterprises not only provide high-quality inputs to large Japanese companies, but also are becoming innovators and growth generators in their own right. In addition to help from larger customers, small Japanese companies can call upon an array of public support mechanisms, including about 170 local Kohsetsushi examination and technology centers which provide research, testing, training, and guidance for firms with under 300 employees. With their intensive geographical coverage, broad range of technical services, and nominal fees, these centers offer small Japanese firms a readily available and effective source of assistance to improve their manufacturing operations, technology, and products. After reviewing the changing context for small manufacturers in Japan, the article examines the role of local Kohsetsushi centers in small firm modernization. This article considers the history, organization, and services of the Kohsetsushi system, explores the operation of five case study centers, and discusses how small Japanese firms benefit from Kohsetsushi services. Finally, there is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Kohsetsushi system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02175820
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation into DNA of Squamous Carcinoma Cells During Mid and Late Logarithmic Growth (1988)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 5 (1988), S. 518-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: squamous carcinoma cells ; bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) incorporation in vitro ; thymidine replacement ; kinetics of replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines, UM-SCC 1, 5, 9, 11B, and 14B, were exposed in vitro to bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) during logarithmic growth to determine the effects of drug concentration (0.01 to 10 µM) and duration of exposure (3, 7, and 10 days) on cell growth and on incorporation of BUdR into DNA. Concentrations of less than 1.0 µM were not growth inhibitory except with UM-SCC-11B. After 10 days of exposure to 5 µM BUdR, survival fractions for all lines ranged from 2 to 65% of controls. Replacement of thymidine by BUdR in DNA was assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Percentage replacement (% R) was described by the equation % R = 100 (C/t)s/[(C/t)50 s + (C/t)s], where C is the concentration of BUdR (µM), t is the time in days, s is a constant, and (C/t)50 is a constant corresponding to % R = 50%. BUdR incorporation reached a time-and concentration-dependent maximum that, after 3 to 7 days of culture in 10 µM BUdR, ranged from 30 to 60% R. Subsequently, % R declined with time even though the cells were fed daily with fresh BUdR-containing medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015925509778
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme-polymer adducts of aldolase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, and fructosediphosphatase (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 958-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé On a preparé des enzymes polymères dérivés de l'aldolase, de l'aldéhyde glycérique-3-phosphate déhydrogénase et de la fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase. On peut, semble-t-il, tirer parti de la technique de liaison transversale par l'aldéhyde glutarique pour augmenter la teneur en protéine et pour obtenir des enzymes polymères adducteurs. Les enzymes traités sont plus stables que les enzymes intacts. La direction des changements du pH optimal et duK m apparent change selon les polymères auxquels on lie les enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01930399
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of hexokinase bound to glass (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1261-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé De l'hexokinase soluble a été liée et rendue insoluble par réaction avec une amine aryle derivée du verre poreux. L'enzyme garde sa fonction, mais avec une activité moindre et une constante de Michaelis différente. L'usage prolongé d'une colonne où l'enzyme est enrobé dans du verre montre que l'enzyme se sépare lentement du verre poreux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946213
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