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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 147 (1996), S. 389-407 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monitoring of microearthquakes ; salt diapir ; seismotectonics of Provadia (Bulgaria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By analysis of microtremors recorded with digital seismological monitoring equipment near the Provadia salt diapir (Bulgaria), two groups of events showing different characteristics have been detected in the vicinity of the salt production area. The first group of events has low magnitudes and is located at a distance of about 1 km from the top of the salt diapir. These events show low stress drops. The second group of tremors is located outside the salt diapir. The corresponding magnitudes and stress drops are larger. The first class of events seems to be related to processes at the contour of the salt leaching caverns, whereas the origin of the second group seems to be connected with stress redistribution processes around the salt body. Based on this analysis, the tectonic model of the Provadia salt diapir has been modified.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 141 (1993), S. 221-247 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Experimental ; plagioclase ; diagenesis ; porosity ; permeability ; dissolution ; precipitates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dissolution of plagioclase under the physical conditions at shallow to intermediate burial depths is a prime candidate for secondary porosity generation in feldspathic siliciclastic sediments. The diagenetic behavior of granular aggregates of plagioclase feldspar and quartz has been investigated by experimentation performed in a Bridgeman-type pressure vessel. The experiments, each of two weeks duration, simulated pressure-temperature conditions approximating 3.5 km burial depth. By using a double-acting pore-fluid reservoir, solutions of various chemistries were cycled through samples composed of oligoclase or labradorite feldspar and quartz (90:10 wt% respectively). Scanning electron microscope analysis of the post-experiment samples reveals dissolution features and precipitated products. Dissolution voids of ∼10 microns occur typically in areas of maximum stress such as crack-tips and grain contacts. Dissolution on a larger scale is exemplified by topographical smoothing of grain su faces. The dissolved species are subsequently reprecipitated as Ca-enriched overgrowths (possibly zeolites) and clays. These precipitates are found individually on the scale of 10 microns and collectively as surface coatings on both feldspar and quartz grains. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analyses of the pore fluid suggest that the fluid chemistry is consistent with the observed experimental precipitates. These experiments show that clay coatings are unnecessary precursors to grain surface dissolution and that the diagenetic precipitation is not mineral selective. Also, the mass transfer of the dissolved species appears to be localized because grains displaying both dissolution and precipitation features are commonplace. Volume changes due to mineral transformation/alteration may increase secondary porosity if the dissolved species produced from dissolution are only partially involved in reprecipitation and the remaining dissolved material is flushed out by the pore fluids. However, if the mass transfer is primarily local then permeability would significantly decrease as precipitates may choke the pore throats.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Most probable number method ; Absorbance method ; LC50 ; LCIO ; Protozoa ; Colpoda cucullus ; Blepharisma undulans ; Oikomonas termo ; Pesticides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A toxicity test using protozoa as test organisms was devised for pesticides. Two different methods were used, the most probable number method and the absorbance method (based on measurement of protozoa growth through absorbance). The ciliates Colpoda cucullus and Blepharisma undulans and the flagellate Oikomonas termo were isolated from different biological starter cultures and tested with the herbicides Chlorex, MCPA, dichlorprop and Matrigon, the fungicide Benlate, and the insecticide Sumicidin. The protozoans showed quite different sensitivities to the pesticides, using 9-h lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC10) as criteria. The 9-h LC50 (concentration at which 50% of the protozeon population has died after 9 h of incubation) ranged from 0.7 ppm for Benlate to 40000 ppm for Chlorex. The usual soil application rates of Chlorex, MCPA, and Benlate were toxic to some of the organisms.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 262 (1973), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation functions for the18O(p,n)18F reaction were measured at bombarding energiesE p=4.6 to 6.6 MeV. In and near two resonances of the yield curves atE p=5.622 and 6.061 MeV, angular distributions were measured with neutron time-of-flight techniques. The strong neutron decay to theT=1 state in18F and the similarity of the18O(p,n) and18O(n,n) yield curves give good evidence that the structures in the18O(p,n) yield curve arise from the formation ofT=3/2 states in19F. A two-level-analysis does not give satisfactory fits to the strongly asymmetric angular distributions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 262 (1973), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A neutron time-of-flight investigation of the57Fe(p, n)57Co reaction performed at bombarding energies of 4.9, 5.6 and 6.2 MeV results in new energy levels of57Co. In addition, gamma spectra andn-γ-coincidence spectra were taken to complete the decay scheme of57Co up to an excitation energy of 4 MeV.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 63 (1975), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mikrobestimmung von Fluor in organischem Material nach Kolbenverbrennung mit Hilfe einer fluoridspezifischen Elektrode ist eine eingeführte Methode. Störungen infolge Komplexierung des Fluoridions können auftreten, wenn die Probe Bor oder Fluorborat enthält. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine Methode, um diese Komplexbildung durch Verbrennung in der Knallgasflamme und Absorption des H2F2 in Alkalilauge zu vermeiden. Einige Analysenergebnisse pharmazeutischen Materials werden angeführt.
    Notes: Summary The fluoride-ion selective micro-determination of fluorine in organic materials after closed flask combustion is an established technique. Interferences, due to complexation of the fluoride ion can occur, if the sample contains boron or fluorborate ion. This paper describes a method that avoids complexation of fluoride by combustion in a hydrogen-oxygen flame and absorption of the resulting H2F2 in alkali hydroxide solution. By this method, samples can be analyzed for fluorine without interference by boron. Some results of the analysis of pharmaceutical materials are given.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Elementspuren in Organ. Material ; Verbrennungsapparatur ; Sauerstoffstrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A partially mechanized apparatus made of quartz (Trace-0-Mat) is described that permits the complete mineralization of up to 1 g of organic or biological solid samples. The combustion takes place in pure oxygen in a very small burning chamber (ca. 75 cm3) to subsequently determine metallic and nonmetallic trace elements (1 ng/g) with high reliability. The controllable incineration is started with an IR-radiator system. All volatile trace elements (e.g. Hg, Se, Te, As, Sb, I) are condensed together with the products of the combustion process in a cooling system filled with liquid nitrogen that is mounted on top of the burning chamber. Subsequent refluxing with a suitable acid in a quartz test tube mounted below the burning chamber collects both the volatilized elements from the cooled areas and nonvolatile elements in the ashing residue. The volume of the acid is about 2 ml. The recoveries of the elements following the decomposition process that takes 50–60 min for one sample was checked using 7 NBS-Standard Reference Materials for the elements B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn (ICP-emission spectrometry), Cd, Pb (ETA-AAS), Hg (AAS-cold vapor technique), As (AAS-hydride method) and Se (XRF). Very good agreement with the certified values was observed. This furnished evidence that this new and very general decomposition method is not only poor in blanks but also avoids substantially losses of the elements to be determined by volatilization, adsorption or even baking in the quartz surface. The easy handling of the apparatus offers the best premises for a reliable determination of trace elements in the μg/g and ng/g range in most non-volatile organic matrices.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein teilmechanisiertes aus Quarz bestehendes System (Trace-0-Mat) wird beschrieben, das die vollständige Mineralisation fester organischer oder biologischer Proben bis zu Mengen von 1 g gestattet. Die Verbrennung findet dabei in reinem Sauerstoff in einer sehr kleinen Verbrennungskammer (etwa 75 cm3) statt, so daß anschließend die metallischen und nichtmetallischen Spurenelemente mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit bestimmt werden können. Die steuerbare Veraschung wird durch ein System von IR-Strahlern gestartet. Alle flüchtigen Spurenelemente (z. B. Hg, Se, Te, As, Sb, I) werden zusammen mit den Verbrennungsprodukten in einem Kühlsystem kondensiert, das mit flüssigem Stickstoff gefüllt und über der Verbrennungskammer angeordnet ist. Die sich an den gekühlten Flächen befindlichen flüchtigen sowie die in der Asche vorhandenen nichtflüchtigen Elemente werden durch Rückflußbehandlung mit einer kleinen Säuremenge (2 ml) gelöst und in einem Quarzglas unterhalb der Verbrennungskammer gesammelt. Die Wiederfindung der Elemente nach dem Aufschlußprozeß (50–60 min) wurde mit Hilfe von 7 NBS-Referenzmaterialien für folgende Elemente geprüft: B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn (ICP-Emissionsspektrometrie), Cd, Pb (ETA-AAS), Hg (AAS-Kaltdampftechnik), As (AAS-Hydridmethode) und Se (Röntgenfluorescenz). Es ergab sich sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den zertifizierten Werten. Diese neue und sehr allgemein anwendbare Aufschlußmethode weist nicht nur geringe Blindwerte auf, sondern vermeidet auch wesentliche Verluste der zu bestimmenden Elemente durch Verflüchtigung, Adsorption oder Zusammenbacken an der Quarzoberfläche. Durch die einfache Handhabung der Apparatur ist eine zuverlässige Bestimmung von Spurenelementen im μg/g- und ng/g-Bereich für die meisten nichtflüchtigen organischen Matrices gewährleistet.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 252 (1970), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein neues säulen-chromatographisches Trennverfahren für die Schilddrüsenhormone und ihre Vorstufen im Blutserum wird vorgestellt. Dieses Verfahren eignet sich hervorragend zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Aktivitäten der einzelnen Jodaminosäuren und damit zur exakten Verfolgung der Jodstoffwechseldynamik. Erste Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt. Die Jodaminosäureisolierung aus dem Blutserum und ihre darauffolgende Trennung voneinander gelingt auf QAE-Sephadexsäulen durch Selektivelution mit Tetrahydrofuran-Wasser-Essigsäuregemischen. Die chemische Absolutbestimmung der einzelnen Jodaminosäuren erfolgt mit einer neuen Jodbestimmungsapparatur von Knapp und Spitzy. Die Gesamtanalysendauer einschließlich chemischer Auswertung und Radioaktivitätsmessung beträgt 4,5 h. Die Methode ist leicht automatisierbar und daher für die klinische Routine geeignet.
    Notes: Abstract A new column-chromatographic procedure for the separation of thyroid hormones and their precursors in blood serum is introduced. The procedure is excellently suited for the determination of specific activities of the individual iodoamino acids. This is of great interest for detailed studies concerning iodine kinetics. First results are discussed. Iodoamino acid isolation from blood serum and their mutual separation is achieved on QAE-Sephadex columns by selective elution with mixtures of tetrahydrofuran-water-acetic acid. Absolute chemical determination is carried out on a semi-automated apparatus designed by Knapp and Spitzy. Total analysis time (including chemical determination and radioactivity measurement): 4.5 h. The method is well suited for automation and therefore appropriate for clinical routine.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 343-345 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Palladium in Katalysatoren ; Potentiometrische Titration ; ionensensitive Indikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung von Milligramm-Mengen Palladium in Katalysatormassen wird die Fällungstitration mit Jodid herangezogen. Zur Indikation des Titrationsendpunktes wird eine Meßkette aus einer Silberjodid/Sulfidelektrode und einer Referenzelektrode mit Zwischenelektrolyten verwendet. Die potentio-metrische Indikation vereinfacht das Verfahren bezüglich der üblichen Trübungsmessung und bringt gegenüber der Redoxindikation eine weitgehende Unabhängigkeit von der Säurekonzentration. Palladiummengen von 1–20 mg können so mit einer relativen Standardabweichung von 0,4% bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Abstract The determination of milligram amounts of palladium in catalysts is performed by iodide titration. The endpoint of the titration is indicated by a silver iodide — silver sulphide electrode together with a double junction reference electrode. Potentiometric indication facilitates the procedure considerably in comparison to the turbidimetric endpoint method. The indication is independent of the acid concentration of the solution, which gives also a major advantage over the redox indication technique. Palladium amounts of 1–20 mg can be determined with a relative standard deviation of 0.4 %.
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