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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Autonomous robots 3 (1996), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 1573-7527
    Keywords: space vehicles ; autonomy ; attitude control ; descent control ; adaptive control ; computer simulation ; remote control ; robots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The European Space Agency ESA is currently preparing the two deep space missions, Huygens and Rosetta. This paper reviews the related requirements for autonomous operations in a poorly known environment. While for Huygens emphasis is on the control of the descent through Titan's atmosphere, for Rosetta the safe drilling of material samples in the microgravity environment of a comet is analysed. The control concepts to enable adaptive reactions in an uncertain, remote environment are summarized for the crucial mission phases. The performance results obtained from computer simulations are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 19 (1990), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we investigate a scheme for approximating a two-person zero-sum gameG of incomplete information by means of a natural systemG mn of its finite subgames. The main question is: For largem andn, is an optimal strategy forG mn necessarily anε-optimal strategy forG?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 295-299 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament (NF) proteins in primary dissociated cell cultures derived from 14-day-old fetal rat diencephalon was studied by immunocytochemistry and quantitative western-blot techniques. Both neuronal marker proteins, NSE and NF, can be detected as early as day 2 in vitro. They show pronounced quantitative increases during the time period studied (12 days), the relative change being highest during the first few days in vitro (DIV). The molar ratio of the medium weight NF to the heavy NF polypeptide is 9.1 after 2 DIV and 2.6 after 12 DIV. Phosphorylation of the heavy NF polypeptide increases steadily during cultivation. Comparison of these results to in vivo data reported in the literature suggests that, qualitatively, neuronal development in vitro follows the pattern observed in vivo, but at an accelerated pace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In this study we have investigated the subcellular distribution of two mRNAs coding for the Purkinje cell-specific proteins, calbindin D28K and L7 (L7/pcp-2). Whereas calbindin mRNA was found to be in the cell body only, L7 transcripts could be detected within the molecular layer, corresponding to Purkinje cell dendrites. We have now combined a highly sensitive fluorescence-based in situ hybridization protocol with immunofluorescence in conjunction with confocal optical sectioning to analyze the precise localization of these mRNAs in individual Purkinje neurons. We show that L7 mRNA is localized in clusters within the proximal and distal branches of dendrites, but also in the proximal part of Purkinje cell axons. In contrast, calbindin transcripts are restricted to the axonal pole of the perikaryon. Purkinje cells grown in primary cultures reveal similar mRNA distribution patterns for the two transcripts. Thus, the mechanism underlying localization of mRNA within Purkinje cells seems to function in a cell-intrinsic manner, guiding specific transcripts, such as L7 mRNA, to neuronal processes while restricting others, such as calbindin mRNA, to the perikaryon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Increases in plant biomass are mainly a balance between growth of new leaves and growth of new roots, the new leaves having positive feedback upon the production process and the new roots having positive feedback upon the plant water status. Control of both opposing processes with respect to biomass production may be considered optimal whenever biomass of the plant reaches a maximum without adversely affecting plant water status. This occurs only if all carbohydrates are partitioned into growth of new leaves, unless water uptake is insufficient to meet the additional evaporative demand created by the newly grown leaf area without decreasing the water status of the plant. It is shown by theoretical considerations based upon optimization theory, especially by application of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, that in this case carbohydrate partitioning is dependent upon the transpiration rate per leaf weight and upon the efficiency of the root at taking up water. Growth of Vigna unguiculata at two levels of air humidity and two levels of water uptake rate by the root was consistent with such a carbohydrate partitioning pattern. Growth of total biomass and its components (leaves, stems, and roots), whole plant transpiration, and the pattern of carbon partitioning were predicted and explained by applying the foregoing principles of optimization in a heuristic model for vegetative growth of an annual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 191 (1966), S. 51-69 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoproduction ofρ andω mesons on nucleons is considered in the peripheral model. The interaction mechanism is assumed to be pseudoscalar and scalar exchange. Absorptive final-state interactions are taken into account. The differential cross section and the angular distribution for the decay are calculated and compared with experimental data.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 47 (1929), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 3 (1980), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the approach to scaling for non-perturbative quark fragmentation in the frame-work of the uncorrelated jet model. It is found that subasymptotic kinematic scale breaking is comparable in size to scaling violations from hard gluon emission a la QCD. Experimental data available at present do allow for such non-perturbative scale breaking effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 62 (1994), S. 659-668 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a high statistics study of the leptonic decay constantf P of heavy pseudoscalar mesons using propagating heavy Wilson quarks within the quenched approximation, on lattices covering sizes from about 0.7 fm to 2 fm. Varying β between 5.74 and 6.26 we observe a sizeablea dependence off P when one uses the quark field normalization that was suggested by Kronfeld and Mackenzie, compared with the weaker depence observed for the standard relativistic norm. The two schemes come into agreement when one extrapolates toa→0. The extrapolations needed to reach the continuum quantityf B introduce large errors and lead to the valuef B =0.18(5) GeV in the quenched approximation. This suggests that much more effort will be needed to obtain an accurate lattice prediction forf B .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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