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  • Springer  (92)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 11.80.La ; 13.85.−t ; 13.87.−a ; 25.80.Hp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the salient features of the Pomeron splitting mechanism for coherent diffraction of pions into hard dijets on nuclei. Our findings include antishadowing multiple-Pomeron splitting expansion for diffractive amplitudes, exact cancellation of nuclear attenuation, and broadening/antishadowing effects to leading twist and parameter-free perturbative calculation of nuclear-rescattering-driven higher twist correction. We comment on the pQCD interpretation of the E791 results on diffractive dijets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1355-1358 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Time-resolved optical phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Optical properties of thin films surfaces, and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions and multilayers) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We show that a detailed understanding of the influence of the exciton-exciton interaction on the non-linear excitonic response in a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice can be obtained by changing the external applied field. In time-resolved four-wave mixing this implies a change from a third-order polarization signal dominated by phase space occupation to a Coulomb interaction-induced signal when the bias is increased at high excitation densities. The experimental data are compared with theoretical results based on the numerical solution of the semiconductor Bloch equations.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 97 (1966), S. 1108-1116 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 2.4.5-substituted 4-alkylamino-2H-imidazoles are formed in good yields by the reaction of 2-methyl-2.4-diaryl-Δ3-imidazoline-5-thiones with prim. or sec. aliphatic or heterocyclic amines in boiling benzene.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 2,4,5-substituierte 4-Alkylamino-2H-imidazole entstehen mit guten Ausbeuten aus 2-Methyl-2,4-diaryl-imidazolin-Δ3-thionen-(5) durch Umsetzung mit prim. bzw. sek. aliphatischen oder heterocyclischen Aminen in Benzol bei Rückflußtemperatur.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 31 (1983), S. 317-346 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 68 B 05 ; 68 B 10 ; 68 F 05 ; 68 F 25 ; 90-04 ; Software development environments ; software specification ; syntax ; graph grammars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der folgende Aufsatz zeigt auf, daß programmierte sequentielle Graph-Grammatiken dazu benutzt werden können, die Veränderung hoher Zwischencodes zu spezifizieren, die im Kontext einer Software-Entwicklungsumgebung auftreten, deren Werkzeuge alle inkrementell und syntaxgesteuert arbeiten. Wir legen in diesem Aufsatz mehr Wert auf die Erläuterung einer systematischen Vorgehensweise, um die Spezifikation zu erhalten, als auf die detaillierte Abhandlung der Spezifikation selbst. Somit kann dieses Papier auch als ein Ansatz zu einem „Spezifikations-Engineering” mit Hilfe von Graph-Grammatiken angesehen werden. Der Ansatz wird maßgeblich beeinflußt von der Syntaxdefinition der zugrundeliegenden formalen Sprache für das Programmieren im Kleinen bzw. für das Modulkonzept etc. einerseits und andererseits von der Vorstellung der Form der Benutzerschnittstelle.
    Notes: Abstract The following paper demonstrates that programmed sequential graph grammars can be used in a systematic proceeding to specify the changes of high level intermediate data structures arising in a programming support environment, in which all tools work in an incremental and syntax-driven mode. In this paper we lay stress upon the way to get the specification rather than on the result of this process. Therefore, we give here some approach to “specification engineering” using graph grammars. This approach is influenced by the syntactical definition of the underlying language for Programming in the Small, the module concept etc. to be supported on one side but also by the idea of the user interface.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 97 (1966), S. 1510-1522 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The interaction of sulfur and ammonia with propiophenone,n-butyrophenone andi-butyrophenone leads to the corresponding thiazolines-(3). On acid hydrolysis of the latter α-mercaptopropiophenone, α-mercapto-n-butyrophenone and α-mercapto-i-butyrophenone respectively are formed. The dehydrogenation of these α-mercaptoketones with sulfur to di- and trisulfides respectively is described. The condensation of the α-mercaptoketones with ammonia and oxo-components yields new thiazolines-(3) of which the 2- and 5-monosubstituted compounds can be dehydrogenated to thiazols with elementary sulfur.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Einwirkung von Schwefel und Ammoniak auf Propiophenon,n-Butyrophenon undi-Butyrophenon entstehen die entsprechenden Thiazoline-(3), deren saure Hydrolyse zu α-Mercaptopropiophenon, α-Mercapto-n-butyrophenon bzw. α-Mercapto-i-butyrophenon führt. Die Dehydrierung dieser α-Mercaptoketone mit Schwefel zu Di- bzw. Trisulfiden wird beschrieben. Die Kondensation der α-Mercaptoketone mit Ammoniak und einer Oxokomponente führt zu neuen Thiazolinen-(3), von denen die in 2- und 5-Stellung monosubstituierten Vertreter sich mittels Schwefel zu Thiazolen dehydrieren lassen.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 96 (1965), S. 1265-1271 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The formation of bis-[pentanon-(3)-yl-(2)]-disulfide from α-mercaptopentanone-(3) and elementary sulfur in the presence of catalytic amounts of amines is a dehydrogenation reaction, as was shown by means of radioactive sulfur. The elementary sulfur is quantitatively converted to hydrogen sulfide.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bildung von Bis-[pentanon-(3)-yl-(2)]-disulfid aus α-Mercaptopentanon-(3) und elementarem Schwefel in Gegenwart von katalytischen Mengen Amin ist, wie durch den Einsatz von radioaktivem Schwefel festgestellt werden konnte, eine Dehydrierung, wobei der elementare Schwefel ausschließlich in Schwefelwasserstoff übergeht.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 98 (1967), S. 338-352 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Dehydration of 2.2.5-trisubstituted imidazolidine-(4)-thiones with elementary sulfur gives in good yields 3-imidazoline-(5)-thiones. This reaction and improved methods of the well known syntheses of especially 2.2.5-trisubstituted imidazolidine-(4)-thiones are described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 2,2,5-Trisubstituierte Imidazolidin-thione-(4) lassen sich mittels Schwefels mit guten Ausbeuten zu Imidazolin-(3)-thionen-(5) dehydrieren. Hierüber sowie über einige Verbesserungen der bisher bekannten Synthesen für insbesondere 2,2,5-trisubstituierte Imidazolidin-thione-(4) wird berichtet.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract o-Methoxyphenols withp-side chains labelled with14C at the α-C-atoms were synthesized and mildly oxygenated in dilute aqueous NaOH (0.2n, 1–2 mole equivalents NaOH) at 70° C. Derivatives with α-C-atoms in different states of oxidation exhibit different reaction patterns. In contrast top-alkyl-substitutedo-methoxyphenols which dimerize too,o′-dihydroxybiphenyls, eliminations of side chains according to theDakin reaction could be observed in the case of α-carbonyl, and α-carbinol derivatives, respectively. The carbon dioxide formed in the course of oxidation of models labelled with14C in α-position proved to be inactive and does definitely not originate from α-C-atoms. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed, and to the importance of these particular elimination reactions in lignin chemistry is referred to.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung o-Methoxyphenole mit para-ständigen Seitenketten (an den α-C-Atomen mit14C markiert) wurden dargestellt und einer milden Sauerstoffoxydation in verd. wäßr. NaOH (0,2n, 1–2 Moläquivalente NaOH) bei 70° unterworfen. Das Reaktionsverhalten hängt dabei von der Struktur (Oxydationsstufe) am α-C-Atom der Seitenkette ab. Im Gegensatz zup-alkylsubstituierteno-Methoxyphenolen, die zuo,o′-Dihydroxydiphenylverbindungen dimerisiert werden, konnten bei den α-Carbonyl- bzw. α-Carbinolderivaten Seitenketteneliminierungen im Sinne derDakin-Reaktion beobachtet werden. Das bei diesen Oxydationen abgespaltene CO2 erwies sich bei den Versuchen mit α-14C-markierten Modellen als inaktiv und entsteht daher mit Sicherheit nicht aus den α-C-Atomen. Mögliche Reaktionsmechanismen werden diskutiert; auf die Bedeutung dieser Eliminierungsreaktionen für die Ligninchemie wird hingewiesen.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 98 (1967), S. 1843-1851 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Imidazolidine-thiones-(4) are hydrolyzed in acid solutions or by ammonium hydroxide. Selective formation of α-aminothioneamides, α-aminocarbonamides, α-aminoesters or α-aminoacids takes place in good yields as a function of the reaction conditions. Hydrolysis of the imidazolidinones-(4) leads predominantly to α-aminoacids. α-Aminothioneamides can be converted into α-aminocarbonamides, α-aminoesters or α-aminoacids under relatively mild conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Imidazolidin-thione-(4) werden durch Mineralsäuren oder durch NH3 hydrolysiert. Je nach den angewandten Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen wahlweise α-Aminothionamide, α-Aminosäureamide, α-Aminosäureester oder α-Aminosäuren in zumeist guten Ausbeuten. Imidazolidinone-(4) liefern bei der Hydrolyse bevorzugt α-Aminosäuren. α-Aminothionamide lassen sich unter relativ milden Bedingungen beliebig in α-Aminosäureamide, α-Aminosäureester oder α-Aminosäuren umwandeln.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell culture (cytokinin content) ; Cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurineriboside) ; Pimpinella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new, naturally occurring cytokinin was isolated from a cell culture of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Its structure was determined as 6-benzylaminopurine riboside by the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitation of this new plant hormone was accomplished by single-ion-monitoring measurements.
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