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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 201 (1992), S. 134-141 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Bovine demi-blastocysts ; In vitro culture ; Chromosomes ; Stem cells ; Nuclear transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 14 microsurgically produced zona pellucida-free bovine demi-blastocysts were cultured for 3 days in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated newborn calf serum (NBCS). Developing embryos were continuously cultured in TCM 199 plus 10% NBCS on a feeder-layer of murine embryonic fibroblasts, that had been incubated with mitomycin C (10 μg/ml) for 3 h prior to the onset of embryo cultivation to block mitotic activity of the fibroblasts. After 2 days, 3 expanded blastocysts were attached to the feeder-layer and both trophoblastic cells and inner cell mass (ICM) cells became apparent on the 9th day of culture in 2 out of the 3 expanded blastocysts. Five days later, the ICM cells were disaggregated by a short-term trypsin treatment. The resulting dissociated clumps were seeded on a new murine embryonic fibroblast feeder-layer and covered with modified minimum essential medium (MEM)-Alpha with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.1 mm mercaptoethanol, 4.5 g/l glucose and 20 mm HEPES-buffer (=passage 0). To prevent differentiation of the cells, approximately 1/3 of the MEM-Alpha was replaced by MEM previously incubated on cell line 5637 containing leucaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) for 3 days. Colonies of embryonic stem cell (ES)-like cells were observed 5 days after the 1st passage. These colonies were repeatedly passaged at approximately 2-week intervals. Two bovine ES-like cell lines were established, which grew considerably slower than murine ES cells, but were lost after the 4th passage, possibly because of toxic effects of a new FCS batch. After cytogenetic analysis, 16 out of 18 metaphase plates contained an euploid number of chromosomes with 2 X-chromosomes and 58 autosomes. Distribution of G-banding on the chromosomes of ES-like cells was in accordance with the diploid set of the bovine genome. ES-like cells were fused to in vitro matured bovine oocytes and, upon successful fusion, cultured in vitro over 5 days. Successful fusion was observed in 79.8% (67/84), 31.3% initiated cleavege and 10.4% reached the 8–16 cell stage at termination of culture.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 57 (1996), S. 952 -956 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 893-900 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; plasma waves and instabilities) ; Space plasma physics (kinetic and MHD theory)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In usual incoherent scatter data analysis, the plasma distribution function is assumed to be Maxwellian. In space plasmas, however, distribution functions with a high energy tail which can be well modeled by a generalized Lorentzian distribution function with spectral index kappa (kappa distribution) have been observed. We have theoretically calculated incoherent scatter spectra for a plasma that consists of electrons with kappa distribution function and ions with Maxwellian neglecting the effects of the magnetic field and collisions. The ion line spectra have a double-humped shape similar to those from a Maxwellian plasma. The electron temperatures are underestimated, however, by up to 40% when interpreted assuming Maxwellian distribution. Ion temperatures and electron densities are affected little. Accordingly, actual electron temperatures might be underestimated when an energy input maintaining a high energy tail exists. We have also calculated plasma lines with the kappa distribution function. They are enhanced in total strength, and the peak frequencies appear to be slightly shifted to the transmitter frequency compared to the peak frequencies for a Maxwellian distribution. The damping rate depends on the electron temperature. For lower electron temperatures, plasma lines for electrons with a κ distribution function are more strongly damped than for a Maxwellian distribution. For higher electron temperatures, however, they have a relatively sharp peak.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 266-272 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Komplex aus nichtionogenem Tensid vom Polyoxyäthylentyp und einer Polymersäure (Polyacryloder Polymetbacrylsäure) in wässeriger Lösung unterscheidet sich im Solubilisationsvermögen von dem der Tensidmizellen. Aus Solubilisationsversuchen wurde gefunden, daß die Bindung des Tensids an die Polymersäure bei einer bestimmten Tensidkonzentration plötzlich stark anwächst; diese liegt unter der eigentlichen CMC des Tensids. Diese kritische Tensidkonzentration ist als die anfängliche Konzentration zu verstehen, bei welcher die Tenside mit der Polymersäure mizell-ähnlich assoziieren; demnach wird sie als CMC p bezeichnet. Die CMC p ist von der Konzentration der Polymersäure abhängig, falls diese dissoziiert oder in niedriger Konzentration vorliegt. Sie ist davon unabhängig, wenn die Polymersäure undissoziiert oder das Verhältnis Tensid/Polymersäure nicht zu klein ist. Die CMC p ist auch von der Art der Polymersäuren abhängig. Der Polymerisationsgrad der Polymersäure beeinflußt die CMC p nur im Bereich geringerer Polymerisationsgrade. Die CMC p ist von der Temperatur unabhängig. In einer homologen Reihe der Tenside mit den gleichen lipophilen Teilen vergrößert sich der Effekt der Polymersäure auf die CMC p mit der Länge der Polyoxyäthylenkette des Tensids. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polymersäure und Solubilisat im Komplex spielt eine Hauptrolle für die Solubilisation.
    Notes: Summary The complex of a polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactant and a polymeric acid (polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids) in aqueous solution has a different solubilization power from that of the micelles of the surfactant solution alone. From solubilization experiments it was found that the binding of the surfactant to a polyacid becomes abruptly conspicuous above a certain surfactant concentration, which is lower than the CMC of the surfactant. This critical concentration is considered as the concentration at the beginning of the micelle-like binding of the surfactant on the polyacid and is denoted as CMC p . CMC p is dependent upon the concentration of the polyacid when it is dissociated or at low concentrations, but is constant when undissociated and the ratio surf actant/polyacid is not too small. CMC p is also dependent on the kind of polyacid, and on the degree of polymerization only in the low range. CMC p is independent of temperature. In a series of nonionic surfactants of the same lipophilic moieties, the effect of polyacid addition on the CMC p is the larger the longer the polyoxyethylene chain. The interaction between polyacid and solubilizate plays a key role in the solubilization by the complex.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 372-377 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Electrical conductivity ; electrical mobility ; mixture equations ; poly(acrylic acid) ; poly(ethylene oxide)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Theoretical equations were proposed to adequately simulate the electrical conductivity behavior of aqueous solutions of both charged and uncharged polymers. The theory, based on the mixture equation of Boned and Peyrelasse, was experimentally verified on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in water and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in aqueous electrolyte solutions. The data analysis suggested that both the polymer coils may be depicted as oblate ellipsoids. Subsequently, the semiaxes values of the polymer coils were determined, and they were in good agreement with the results reported in the literature.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 249 (1971), S. 1096-1100 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and mixture of two surfactants in aqueous system was studied viscometrically on the following five typical combinations of surfactants in three categories, in which in its single solution the first surfactant in each pair interacts with PVP strongly while the second component, except for guanidinium dodecylsulfate, is not at all or only weakly interacting. 1. Different surfactant ions with the same counterions: sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDS) and sodium decylsulfate. 2. The same surfactant ions with different counterions: NaDS and tetrabutylammonium dodecylsulfate; NaDS and guanidinium dodecylsulfate; dodecylammonium thiocyanate (DASCN) and dodecylammonium chloride. 3. An ionic and a nonionic surfactant: NaDS or DASCN and polyoxyethylene dodecylether. These combinations produce varieties of interaction with PVP, and the results were discussed on the basis of the surfactant-surfactant and polymer-surfactants relations and of the counterion distribution around the polymer-surfactants complex.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) und dem Gemisch zweier Tensiden im wässerigen System wurde viskosimetrisch bei folgenden fünf typischen Paaren der Tenside in drei Kategorien untersucht, in welchen in jeder einzelnen Lösung das erstgenannte Tensid der Kombination eine starke Wechselwirkung mit PVP aufweist und das zweite dagegen, außer Guanidinium-Dodecylsulfat, gar keine oder nur eine schwache ist. 1. Verschiedene Tensidionen mit gleichen Gegenionen: Natrium-Dodecylsulfat (NaDS) und Natrium-Decylsulfat. 2. Gleiche Tensidionen mit verschiedenen Gegenionen: NaDS und Tetrabutylammonium-Dodecylsulfat; NaDS und Guandinium-Dodecylsulfat; Dodecylammonium-Thiocyanat (DASCN) und Dodecylammonium-Chlorid. 3. Ein ionisches und ein nichtionisches Tensid: NaDS oder DASCN und Polyoxyäthylendodecyläther. Die Kombinationen geben mit PVP mannigfaltige Wechselwirkungen, und die Neigungen wurden aus den Beziehungen von Tensid-Tensid und Polymer-Tensid und aus der Gegenionverteilung um den Polymer-Tensidkomplex diskutiert.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 248 (1971), S. 1039-1040 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Odontoblast ; Dentin ; Mineralization ; Casein kinase II ; Phosphophoryn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Odontoblasts that we prepared from bovine incisors produced a dentin-specific protein, phosphophoryn, and accumulated it in mineralized nodules. The time course of mineralization was detected by measuring osteocalcin and mineral in the nodules. The sequence of developmental expression of proteins in this mineralizing dentin cell culture is very similar to that in bone cells, suggesting a common mechanism for matrix mineralization in bone and dentin. Casein kinase II, which phosphorylates bone phosphoproteins and dentin phosphophoryn, also emerges coinciding with the initiation of mineralization. Furthermore, we have detected extracellular phosphorylation by casein kinase II of a dentin protein of Mr 60,000, which we recovered from the phosphophoryn fraction in CaCl2 precipitate.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 98 (1989), S. 371-404 
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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