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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der Emissionsverteilung an Glühkathoden mit dem magnetischen Elektronenmikroskop (1932)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 78 (1932), S. 340-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein magnetisches Elektronenmikroskop zur Untersuchung elektronenemittierender Substanzen wird angegeben und seine Anwendung beschrieben. Die geometrische Ähnlichkeit der Elektronenbilder mit dem Objekt wird geprüft und die Emissionsverteilung verschiedenartiger, nach verschiedenen Verfahren aufgebrachter und verschieden behandelter Oxydkathoden in Mikrophotogrammen wiedergegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daß an Stellen starker Emission (Glühinseln) vor der Kathode Gebiete negativer Raumladung (Elektronenwolken) unmittelbar zu beobachten sind. Die hierbei auftretenden Erscheinungen werden gedeutet und einige der sich ergebenden Folgerungen für die Charakteristik von Oxydkathoden besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01342200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur des Herzschlauches vonCiona intestinalis L. (1964)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electron microscope structure of sectioned heart walls ofCiona intestinalis L. is described. The heart wall consists of one-layered epithelial muscle cells with cross-striated myofibrills, elongated long-shaped mitochondria and various cytoplasmic components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02151797
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of beating heart cells from frozen heart cell suspensions (1967)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00590855
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composite hydrophone devices coupling piezoelectricity and tensegrity (2000)
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 3 (2000), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Keywords: Key words Piezotensegrity ; Piezoelectricity ; Tensegrity ; Composite ; Hydrophone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The concept of tensegrity as conceived by Buckminster Fuller has been incorporated into a passive hydrophone device. Tensegrity is described as the physical phenomenon that produces a stable geometric structure using solid compressional elements arranged in tandem with flexible tensional cables. In the devices built by the authors, six PZT 5H™ bars acting as compressional elements in the tensegrity structure have been coupled with tensional bands of either polyaramid or carbon fiber. This stable system is then wrapped with an outer layer of either polyaramid or carbon fiber and rubber film to form a sealed device, which is referred to as a piezotensegritive device in this paper. The six bars are arranged in parallel electrical connectivity for all devices described. The resonant frequency for these devices ranged from 19.5 to 20.3 kHz depending on the material used for wrapping the piezoelectric bars. These devices were also tested in a hydrostatic environment to determine the relevant piezoelectric coefficients. For devices wrapped with carbon fiber, dh peaked at ∼6000 pC/N and gh at ∼275 mVm/N. For devices wrapped with polyaramid, dh peaked at ∼2000pC/N and gh at ∼100mVm/N. Sensitivities from –182–195 db ref. 1V/µPa were calculated for these devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190050007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caractérisation de la surface du béton considérée dans le cas d’une liaison béton/résine synthétique (1978)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 11 (1978), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary When plastics coatings are used, stresses occur on the interface between plastics coating and concrete, which are due to the different properties of these materials. The durability of a coating depends largely on the surface strength of the concrete. For determining the surface strength of concrete various testing methods were evaluated. A testing apparatus was developed by which both the surface strength and the bond may be investigated. Under laboratory conditions the apparatus delivers reproducible results and in practice it was used for the investigation into cases of damage.
    Notes: Résumé L’utilisation de revêtements de matière plastique sur le béton occasionne des contraintes à l’interface dues aux propriétés différentes des matériaux. La durabilité d’un revêtement dépend dans une large mesure de la résistance superficielle du béton. Diverses méthodes d’essai pour déterminer cette résistance superficielle ont été évaluées. On a mis au point un appareillage grâce auquel la résistance superficielle et l’adhérence peuvent être étudiées. Dans les conditions de laboratoire, l’appareil fournit des résultats reproductibles et on l’a utilisé également pour l’étude de cas de déterioration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473795
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of GABA-and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactivity in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single and sequential double immunocytochemical techniques were applied to localize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat. After subsequential double staining a relatively high number of hypoglossal motor neurons showed the coexistence of both ChAT-and GABA-LI. Coexistence of both substances was also revealed in the axons of the hypoglossal nerve situated within the medulla oblongata. Cells showing only ChAT-or GABA-LI were also observed. Differences in immunostaining between the different cell groups of the hypoglossal nucleus were established. Following axotomy of the right hypoglossal nerve, a decrease or loss of the immunoreactivity for both ChAT and GABA in the motor neurons was established until the 3rd week after the operation. The results obtained do not give evidence on the origin of the GABA-like immunoreactive material and its functional significance in the cholinergie neurons. It can be only speculated that the GABA-like material is either taken up from the intercellular space or is synthesized by the ChAT-LI nerve cells. Functionally, the importance of GABA for the synthesis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (a novel neurotransmitter candidate) and its postsynaptic transmitter action or presynaptic regulatory action (through autoreceptors in the membrane of the nerve endings) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) should be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytochemische lokalisation und charakterisierung von phosphatabspaltenden fermenten im sarkotubulären system quergestreifter muskeln (1967)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 10 (1967), S. 140-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lokalisation und Differenzierung von nukleosidphosphatspaltenden Reaktionen in Schnitten und Blöckchen aus der Rumpf- und Schwanzmuskulatur von Mollienesia sphenops und dem Diaphragma von Maus und Ratte wurden mit der Bleipräzipitationsmethode nach Osmiumtetroxyd- und Glutaraldehydvorfixierung untersucht. Der Bleiphosphatniederschlag, als Folge der Inkubation, ist vorwiegend in den lateralen Vesikel der Triaden lokalisiert. Das T-System zeigt im Gegensatz zur Plasmamembran der Muskelzelle keine, auch nicht durch Na+ und K+ aktivierbare Nukleosidphosphatasereaktion. Ca-Ionen in Gegenwart von Mg verändern die Bleiakkumulation nicht. N-Äthylmaleinimid und p-Chloromercuribenzoat vermindern die Bleiphosphatbildung der lateralen Vesikel. g-Strophanthin hat hierauf keine Wirkung, inaktiviert aber die Reaktion der Plasmamembran. In den lateralen Vesikeln werden außer ATP noch CTP, GTP, ITP, UTP, ADP und IDP gespalten. Der Grad der Hydrolyse ist jedoch geringer als nach ATP und auch innerhalb dieser Substratreihe abgestuft. Eine selektive Bleiablagerung im T-System wird nach Inkubation von p-Nitrophenylphosphat als Substrat gefunden. Dieser Befund wird im Zusammenhang mit anderen unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften von Plasmamembran und T-System diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The electron microscopic localization and differentation of nucleosidephosphatases in the trunk and tail musculature of Mollienesia sphenops and in the diaphragm of rats and mice was achieved by the use of the lead precipitation method following preliminary fixation of the tissues in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Lead phosphate deposits in the sarcotubular system were heaviest in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and occurred there in the presence of a number of nucleosidephosphates, ATP being a preferred substrate. The transverse tubules exhibited no nucleosidephosphate splitting activity, in contrast to the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma, in which a Na+ and K+-dependent ATPase was demonstrated. Lead phosphate accumulation in the terminal cisternae was not influenced by the calcium concentration in the incubation medium. It was markedly inhibited by N-ethyl maleinimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate, but was insensitive to ouabain which, on the other hand, abolished the Na+-K+-dependent ATPase reaction in the plasma membrane. A highly selective deposition of lead phosphate in the transverse tubules was seen following incubation in medium containing p-nitrophenyl phosphate. This observation is discussed in relation to other evidence concerning differences in the properties of the plasma membrane and the transverse tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemmung und Stimulierung der ATPase-Aktivität und die nichtenzymatische Hydrolyse von ATP in der elektronenmikroskopischen Histochemie (1975)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 44 (1975), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Rattenleber, die homogenisiert und fraktioniert wurde, ist die ATPase-Aktivität bei Anwesenheit von Blein im Inkubationsmedium und Zusätzen von Cystein, EDTA, 2,4 DNP, Natriumcyanid, Natriumfluorid, p-Chloromercuribenzoat biochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht worden. Weder biochemisch noch histochemisch war mit Hilfe der verwendeten Inhibitoren eine auch nur annähernd vollständige Blockierung der enzymatischen ATP-Hydrolyse möglich. Das gelang erst mit einer Hitzebehandlung oder, verbunden mit einer guten Erhaltung ultrastruktureller Details, mit Hilfe einer Formaldehyd/Äthanol-Präfixierung. Die nichtenzymatische ATP-Hydrolyse ist für den histochemischen ATP-Nachweis von geringer Bedeutung, da die im biologischen Objekt entstehenden Bleiphosphatpräzipitate in ihrer Menge vernachlässigbar klein gegenüber dem enzymatischen Reaktionsprodukt sind.
    Notes: Summary In rat liver, homogenized and fractionated, ATPase activity was studied both histochemically and biochemically in the presence of lead ions and with addition of cysteine, EDTA, 2,4-DNP, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride and p-chloromercuribenzoate. None of practically complete inhibition of ATPase was possible only through heat inactivation or after double prefixation with formaldehyde and ethanol. Nonenzymatic ATP hydrolysis plays a negligible role in ATPase histochemistry since phosphate yield taking place due to lead action is insignificant against enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopischer Nachweis von mitochondrialer Adenosintriphosphataseaktivität in tierischen Geweben (1965)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 5 (1965), S. 417-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einer abgeänderten Wachstein-Meisel-Methodik zur Darstellung von Nukleosidphosphataseaktivität werden in 40–200μ dicken Gefrierschnitten von Herz- und Zwerchfellmuskulatur, von Mucosaepithelzellen des Dünndarms und von einigen Teilen der Nierentubuli verschiedener Spezies nach kurzer Osmiumtetroxyd-Vorfixierung feine Bleiphosphatablagerungen in den Mitochondrien gefunden. Diese Ablagerung liegt direkt an den Einzelleisten der Cristae mitochondriales und der Außenmembran der Mitochondrien. Der Bleiphosphatniederschlag an den Membranen der Mitochondrien war in den untersuchten Geweben, mit Ausnahme des Zwerchfells, nur in Anwesenheit von ATP (im Herzmuskel auch in Gegenwart von ITP), nicht aber von anderen Nukleosidtriphosphaten oder von ADP als Substrat, zu beobachten. Die Reaktion war in allen Fällen abhängig von Mg++ und wurde durch Zusatz von Na+ und K+ gefördert und durch Ca++ vollständig gehemmt. p-Chlormercuribenzoesäure hemmt die Reaktion, g-Strophanthin war auch in Gegenwart von Na+ und K+ wirkungslos. Es gelang nicht, auch nicht nach Zusatz von Dinitrophenol, mit der benutzten Methodik mitochondriale ATPase-Aktivität in Leberdünnschnitten nachzuweisen. Isolierte Mitochondrien und Mitochondrienbruchstücke aus Herzmuskel und Leber gaben eine positive ATPase-Reaktion.
    Notes: Summary By means of a modified Wachstein-Meisel method, 40–200μ. thick frozen sections of cardiac and diaphragmatic musculature, epithelium cells from the mucosa of the small intestine, and certain parts of the renal tubuli of various species were tested for nucleoside phosphatase activity. After brief fixation with osmium tetroxide fine lead precipitates were found in the mitochondria. These precipitates were observed directly along the membranes of the cristae mitochondriales and the limiting membrane of the mitochondria. The lead phosphate precipitate on the membranes of the mitochondria was only demonstrable, if ATP was present (in cardiac muscle also in the presence of ITP); this specificity was not observed in the tests done on diaphragm. When ADP was used as substrate no reaction took place. In all cases the reaction was dependent on the presence of Mg++ ions; it was enhanced in the presence of Na+ and K+ and completely inhibited by Ca++. p-Chloromercuribenzoic acid inhibited the reaction, g-strophanthin had no effect even in the presence of Na+ and K+. Not even after addition of dinitrophenol was it possible to demonstrate mitochondrial ATPase in thin liver sections. Isolated mitochondria and mitochondrial fragments from cardiac musculature and liver gave a positive ATPase reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306293
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemistry of adenylate cyclase (1982)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 75 (1982), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of different preparative and cytochemical procedures on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in heart muscle homogenates were studied by quantitative analysis. We were mainly concerned with perfusion prefixation, using glutaraldehyde (GA) with and without DMSO, and with the influence of cytochemical incubation with lead ions as the capture reagent. Furthermore, we measured the direct effect on the AC activity in lead, cobalt, and strontium ions in prefixed heart homogenates. We also studied the influence of phosphatidylinositol and 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine. The following results were obtained: 1. Perfusion fixation using 2% GA buffered with cacodylate reduced the AC activity by about 20%. After the entire cytochemical procedure was finished, 20% of the original AC activity was still present. Stimulation by epinephrine, histamine and fluoride, which increased the activity of AC two or three times in our experiments, was only slightly reduced by the cytochemical treatments. 2. Lead ions (2 mM), added to the biochemical assay without chelating compounds, reduced the AC activity about 90%. 5 μM phosphatidylinositol stabilized the fluoride- and hormone-sensitive AC activity. 3. Co2+ also reduced the AC activity, though less than Pb2+. Sr2+ had no effect on the basic activity of the AC but had a slightly inhibitory effect on the hormone and fluoride stimulation. 4. 5% DMSO added to the fixative had no influence on the basic activity of the AC. However, this solvent definitely reduced the level of stimulation by fluoride and guanine nucleotide plus hormones. 5. A potential inhibitor of enzyme activity and of the hormone- and fluoride-sensitive AC was the adenosine derivative, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine. This compound, at a concentration of 10−3 M, inhibited all AC activity in the heart homogenates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492540
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