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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 409-423 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Earthquake prediction, algorithms M8 and MSc, seismicity, Japan.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A succession of precursory changes of seismicity characteristic to earthquakes of magnitude 7.0–7.5 occurred in advance of the Kobe 1995, M = 7.2, earthquake. Using the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) regional catalog of earthquakes, the M8 prediction algorithm (Keilies-Borko and Kossobokov, 1987) recognizes the time of increased probability, TIP, for an earthquake with magnitude 7.0–7.5 from July 1991 through June 1996. The prediction is limited to a circle of 280-km radius centered at 33.5°N, 133.75°E. The broad area of intermediate-term precursory rise of activity encompasses a 175 by 175-km square, where the sequence of earthquakes exhibited a specific intermittent behavior. The square is outlined as the second-approximation reduced area of alarm by the "Mendocino Scenario" algorithm, MSc (Kossobokov et al., 1990). Moreover, since the M8 alarm starts, there were no swarms recorded except the one on 9–26 Nov. 1994, located at 34.9°N, 135.4°E. Time, location, and magnitude of the 1995 Kobe earthquake fulfill the M8-MSc predictions. Its aftershock zone ruptured the 54-km segment of the fault zone marked by the swarm, directly in the corner of the reduced alarm area. The Kobe 1995 epicenter is less than 50 km from the swarm and it coincides with the epicenter of the M 3.5 foreshock which took place 11 hours in advance.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 70 (1981), S. 552-569 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the framework of plate tectonics, the basic mechanism operating in the trencharc-back arc systems is believed to be the subduction of oceanic lithosphere. This model, however, was developed more or less as a logical consequence of sea-floor spreading. The question then is whether or not the subduction model can explain all the major features of the trench-arc-back arc systems. Many features, such as thrust type inter-plate earthquakes and deep earthquakes along Wadati-Benioff zones, are readily explained. But, the occurrences of extentional spreading and high heat flow in the back arc region and arc volcanism are difficult to explain. An approach to solve these problems may be found in what may be called “comparative subductology”: there seem to exist two basically different modes of subduction; one — Chilean type — causing compressional stress regime in the arc and back arc regions, the other — Mariana type — causing tensional. World's subduction zones are classified in terms of the postulated two modes, and some tectonic implications and causes of the two modes are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans le cadre de la tectonique des plaques, le mécanisme fondamental, opérant dans le système fossé-arc volcanique-arrière arc est consideré comme une subduction de la lithosphère océanique. Ce modèle fut cependant plus ou moins développé comme une conséquence logique de l'expansion des fonds océaniques. La question est de savoir si le modèle de la subduction peut expliquer toutes les caractéristiques essentielles du système fossé-arc volcanique-arrière arc. De nombreux faits, tels le type des séismes entre plaques et les séismes profonds le long des zones de Wadati-Benioff, sont facilement explicables. Mais les cas de l'expansion latérale et du flux élevé de chaleur dans la région à l'arrière de l'arc et le volcanisme de l'arc sont difficiles à expliquer. On peut aborder la solution de ces problèmes par la voie de ce qu'on peut appeler la «subductologic comparative »: il semble exister en principe deux modes de subduction fondamentalement différents, le type chilien, provoquant la compression dans les régions de l'arc et de l'arrière-arc, et le type Mariana causant une extension. Les zones de subduction de la Terre sont classifiées en termes de ces deux modes, en même temps que sont discutées quelques implications tectoniques et les conséquences des deux modes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Plattentektonik wird die Subduktion der ozeanischen Lithosphäre als grundlegender Mechanismus für die Vorgänge im System Tiefseegraben-Inselbogen-Randmeer angesehen. Dieses Modell wurde jedoch mehr oder minder als logische Konsequenz des sea-floor spreading entwickelt. Es erhebt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die wesentlichen Erscheinungen des Tiefseegrabens-Inselbogen-Randmeer Systems durch das Subduktionsmodell erklärt werden können oder nicht. Viele Erscheinungen, wie die Erdbeben entlang den Verschiebungszonen der Plattengrenzen und die Tiefherdbeben entlang der Wadati-Benioff Zone können leicht erklärt werden. Aber die Erscheinungen der Dehnung und des großen Wärmeflusses in den Randmeeren und der Inselbogen-Vulkanismus sind schwierig zu erklären. Eine Annäherung zur Lösung dieses Problems bietet sich in der “comparative subductology” an. Es scheint zwei grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Typen der Subduktion zu geben, den chilenischen Typ, der mit Kompression im Inselbogen und im Randmeerbereich verbunden ist und den Mariana-Typ, der mit Dehnung gekoppelt ist. Die Subduktionszonen auf der Erdoberfläche werden nach diesen beiden Typen klassifiziert und einige tektonische Folgerungen, die sich aus dieser Unterscheidung ergeben, werden diskutiert.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 6 (1984), S. 187-203 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heat flow estimated from the gas hydrate layers on the landward slope of the Nankai Trough reveals that heat flow increases downslope toward the trench floor. This data plus six new heat flow values obtained by a conventional probe and two values available from DSDP drill holes give a fairly detailed heat flow distribution in the Nankai Trough area, when combined with the already existing data set. There appears to be a zonal pattern parallel to the trough axis, with a high heat flow zone on the floor of the trough that is quite anomalous for a subduction zone. It might be explained as a result of subduction of the hot portion of the Philippine Sea plate, i.e. the Shikoku Basin, and/or of more local effects such as heating due to intrusion of hot water from subducted sediments to shallow depth beneath the trough floor. Surface heat flow patterns landward of the trough were calculated for a simple thermal model of subduction. Perfect reproduction of the observed zonal pattern is difficult to achieve by the simple model, suggesting the necessity for further heat flow and other observations.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 8 (1984), S. 381-406 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Subduction is not only the counterpart process to seafloor spreading in the plate tectonic regime, but is also the major driving mechanism of plate motions. Various features characteristic to subduction zones are reviewed from a geotectonic viewpoint, and their impacts on human soeciety are considered. The features of subduction zones are difficult to explain by a single model. The importance of recognizing the existence of two basic and contrasted modes in subduction, controlled by the strength of coupling between subducting and overriding plates, is demonstrated. The two modes are High Stress Chilean-type subduction and Low Stress Mariana-type subduction. Collision and accretion of buoyant features on seafloor, an inevitable consequence of subduction, is important in the evolution of continents.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9893
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3235
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0581
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1963-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0258-8900
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0819
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1981-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1343-8832
    Electronic ISSN: 1880-5981
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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