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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caste differences in feeding and trophallaxis in the western drywood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 244-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Termites, Incisitermes minor, rubidium, tracer, transfer efficiency.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Differences in feeding and trophallaxis among castes of the western drywood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen), were determined using rubidium (Rb) as a tracer. Both 5th- and 6th-instar nymphs and 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae fed directly on Rb-treated paper and acted as both donors and recipients in trophallactic exchanges with other larvae and nymphs, and as donors for soldiers and alates. Soldiers and alates did not feed on Rb-treated paper suggesting that they do not feed directly on wood and are completely dependent on nymphs for their nutritional needs. Larvae paired with Rb-fed nymphs received the greatest amount of Rb suggesting that there may be a hierarchy of trophallaxis in drywood termites. Transfer efficiency, the percentage of the total Rb intake of donors that is passed to the recipients, ranged from 1.1 % (nymphal donors to alate recipients) to 16.6 % (larval donors to nymphal recipients).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050141
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die dynamischen Beanspruchungen in den Wellensträngen großer Gebläseantriebe bei der Netzumschaltung von Asynchronmaschinen-Gruppen (1988)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 71 (1988), S. 399-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents This paper presents a method to determine the transient phenomena, which occur during change-over of a group of asynchronous machines. The switching torque in the shafts of the mostly multistep drives is of practical importance, depending on the phase-angle of the supplyvoltage when switching on, on the mechanical starting condition and on the dates of the other drives. The most unfavourable mechanical boundary condition can be defined generally, the critical phase-angle however must be calculated in each particular case. The maximum stress is to be determined by using a capable computer program.
    Notes: Übersicht In dem Aufsatz wird ein Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der transienten Vorgänge vorgestellt, die bei der Netzumschaltung einer Asynchronmaschinen-Gruppe entstehen. Für die Praxis wichtig sind insbesondere die Stoßmomente in den Wellensträngen der meist mehrstufigen Antriebe in Abhängigkeit von dem Zuschaltphasenwinkel, der mechanischen Anfangslage und den Kenndaten der übrigen Antriebe. Die ungünstigste mechanische Randbedingung kann allgemein angegeben, der kritische Schaltphasenwinkel muß im Einzelfall bestimmt werden. Die höchsten Beanspruchungen können nur mit einem leistungsfähigen Rechenmaschinenprogramm berechnet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01573722
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal exchange processes in sediment-water systems (1978)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 2 (1978), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Experimental data for sorption of Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb by sand, silt, and organic-rich sediments from the Ottawa River, Canada show significant conformity to Langmuir's equation. Values of the bonding energy constant and the sorption maximum correlate directly with organic content and mean grain size (φ). Desorption experiments indicate that the heavy metals form stable complexes in nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and NaCl Solutions, with the following desorption ratios: Hg, 1:1 (Cl−:NTA); Pb, 1:10; Cd, 1:2. Serial and batch desorption studies under various conditions show that the cation-exchange order in the sediments is Hg〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd. For a given heavy metal the partition coefficient between sediment and solution is not greatly changed by the presence of another cation, provided the latter has the same order of concentration. If, the concentration of one cation exceeds another by more than 10, however, significant desorption of the less concentrated ion takes place on a mass action basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430670
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleich genormter Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Wirkungsgrades von Induktionsmaschinen (1998)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 81 (1998), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents This paper deals with the determination of the efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motors by both the loss-summation method of IEC 60034-2 and method B of IEEE 112. The proceedings according to both standardizations are described and compared, especially those parts regarding the determination of stray-load losses. The discussion is based on measurement results taken of squirrel-cage motors in a relatively wide range of rated output.
    Notes: Übersicht Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der meßtechnischen Bestimmung des Wirkungsgrades von Induktionsmotoren mit Käfigläufer mit dem Einzelverlustverfahren nach IEC 60034-2 und der Methode B nach IEEE 112. Für beide Verfahren werden die Verlustanteile und deren Ermittlung diskutiert und dabei insbesondere die Unterschiede in der Berechnung der lastabhängigen Zusatzverluste aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf Messungen an Käfigläufermotoren unterschiedlicher Leistung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002020050052
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleich genormter Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Wirkungsgrades von Induktionsmaschinen (1998)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 81 (1998), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents This paper deals with the determination of the efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motors by both the loss-summation method of IEC 60034-2 and method B of IEEE 112. The proceedings according to both standardizations are described and compared, especially those parts regarding the determination of stray-load losses. The discussion is based on measurement results taken of squirrel-cage motors in a relatively wide range of rated output.
    Notes: Übersicht Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der meßtechnischen Bestimmung des Wirkungsgrades von Induktionsmotoren mit Käfigläufer mit dem Einzelver-lustverfahren nach IEC 60034-2 und der Methode B nach IEEE 112. Für beide Verfahren werden die Verlustanteile und deren Ermittlung diskutiert und dabei insbesondere die Unterschiede in der Berechnung der lastabhängigen Zusatzverluste aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf Messungen an Käfigläufermotoren unterschiedlicher Leistung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261088
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and functional variability among DQ β alleles of DR2 subtypes (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Homozygous lymphoblastoid cell lines representing various Dw subtypes of DR2 were examined for polymorphism at the DQ β locus by molecular and cellular techniques. The subtypes studied included Dw2, Dw12, and a group heterogenous by cellular typing that we shall refer to as non-Dw2/non-Dw12. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of cell lines representing these subtypes revealed DQ β-specific patterns consistent with cellular typing. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of DQ molecules from representative cell lines revealed a structural polymorphism of DQ β among the three subtypes. The DQ β chain migrated to a position that was unique to each subtype and was consistent among various representative cell lines of each subtype. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA clones of DQ β from Dw2, Dw12, and non-Dw2/non-Dw12 lines confirmed that the variability resided at the genetic level. Variability was found in the form of numerous scattered nucleotide substitutions throughout the first domain of these alleles. The DQ β gene of the non-Dw2/non-Dw12 cell line AZH was further found to be almost identical with the DQ β gene of a DR1 line (Bell et al. 1985b), implicating a common evolutionary origin of these alleles. The only difference between these two sequences was due to an apparent gene conversion event at amino acid 57. T-cell cloning experiments resulted in the derivation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific, DQw1-restricted clones that proliferated against only those cell lines that exhibited the DQ β gene common to AZH and the DR1 cell line. Thus, the polymorphism among DQ β alleles within DR2 results in subtype-specific restriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345459
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Looking at electronic wave functions on metal surfaces (1998)
    Springer
    Europhysics news 28 (1998), S. 148-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1092
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00770-997-0148-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of shoot architecture on hydraulic conductance in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (1999), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Crown architecture ; Hydraulic architecture ; Beech ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; Tree decline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Shoot hydraulic conductance was measured in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) that had previously been exposed to high levels of nitrogen input. Whole-shoot hydraulic conductance, conductance per unit pressure gradient and leaf specific conductance were negatively correlated with the number of bud scars per unit length, a morphological parameter of tree decline. We propose a negative feedback mechanism by which stress induced alterations in shoot morphology can cause a lasting reduction of tree vigour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EUV emission, filament activation and magnetic fields in a slow-rise flare (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 41 (1975), S. 397-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of coronal and chromospheric structures is examined together with magnetograms for the 1B flare of January 19, 1972. Soft X-ray and EUV studies are based on the OSO-7 data. The Hα filtergrams and magnetograms came from the Sacramento Peak Observatory. Theoretical force-free magnetic field configurations are compared with structures seen in the soft X-ray, EUV and Hα images. Until the flare, two prominent spots were connected by a continuous dark filament and their overlying coronal structure underwent an expansion at the sunspot separation rate of 0.1 km s−1. On January 19, the flare occurred as new magnetic fields emerged at ∼ 1019 Mx h−1 beneath the filament, which untwisted and erupted as the flare began. The pre-flare coronal emissions remained unchanged during the flare except for the temporary addition of a localized enhancement that started 5 min after flare onset. EUV lines normally emitted in the upper transition region displayed a sudden enhancement coinciding in time and location with a bright Hα point, which is believed to be near the flare ‘trigger’ or onset point. The EUV flash and the initial Hα brightening, both of which occurred near the center of the activated filament, were followed by a second EUV enhancement at the end of the filament. The complete disruption of the filament was accompanied by a third EUV enhancement and a rapid rise in the soft X-ray emission spatially coincident with the disappearing filament. From the change of magnetic field inferred from Hα filtergrams and from force-free field calculations, the energy available for the flare is estimated at approximately 1031 erg. Apparently, changes in the overlying coronal magnetic field were not required to provide the flare energy. Rather, it is suggested that the flare actually started in the twisted filament where it was compressed by emerging fields. Clearly, the flare started below the corona, and it appears that it derived its energy from the magnetic fields in or near the filament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do surges heat the corona? (1977)
    Springer
    Solar physics 54 (1977), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of X-ray filtergrams obtained during the Skylab mission 8 hr before and within 4 hr following 54 active region surges on the disk revealed only 6 cases of long-enduring, large-scale (〉 10 000 km) coronal enhancements that might have been associated with surge activity. It is concluded that there is no evidence for any substantial increase in the temperature or amount of coronal material during reported surges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146424
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