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  • 1
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    Trematodes on acid: editorial comment on the feature article by Guilloteau et al. (2016)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 163 (5). Article Nr. 95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Widespread genetic mosaicism in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina is correlated with clonal reproduction (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Evolutionary Ecology, 25 (2). pp. 1-15.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Somatic mutations are an underappreciated source of genetic variation within multi-cellular organisms. The resulting genetic mosaicism should be particularly abundant in large clones of vegetatively propagating angiosperms. Little is known on the abundance and ecological correlates of genetic mosaicism in field populations, despite its potential evolutionary significance. Because sexual reproduction restores genetic homogeneity, we predicted that in facultatively clonally reproducing organisms, the prevalence of genetic mosaicism increases with increasing clonality. This was tested among 33 coastal locations colonized by the ecologically important marine angiosperm Zostera marina, ranging from Portugal to Finland. Genetic mosaics were detectable as complex microsatellite genotypes at two hypervariable loci that revealed additional mosaic alleles, suggesting the presence of one or more divergent cell lineages within the same ramet. The proportions of non-mosaic genotypes in a population sharply decreased below a clonal richness of 0.2. Accordingly, more genetic mosaics were found at the southern and northern limit of the distribution of Z. marina in Europe where sexual reproduction is rare or absent. The genetic mosaics observed at neutral microsatellite markers suggest the possibility of within-clone variation at selectively relevant loci and supports the notion that members of clones are seldom genetically identical.
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  • 3
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    A summer heat wave decreases the immunocompetence of the mesograzer, Idotea baltica (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 157 (7). pp. 1605-1611.
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Extreme events associated with global change will impose increasing stress on coastal organisms. How strong biological interactions such as the host–parasite arms-race are modulated by environmental change is largely unknown. The immune system of invertebrates, in particular phagocytosis and phenoloxidase activity response are key defence mechanisms against parasites, yet they may be sensitive to environmental perturbations. We here simulated an extreme event that mimicked the European heat wave in 2003 to investigate the effect of environmental change on the immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica. Unlike earlier studies, our experiment aimed at simulation of the natural situation as closely as possible by using long acclimation, a slow increase in temperature and a natural community setting including the animals’ providence with natural food sources (Zostera marina and Fucus vesiculosus). Our results demonstrate that a simulated heat wave results in decreased immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica, in particular a drop of phagocytosis by 50%. This suggests that global change has the potential to significantly affect host–parasite interactions.
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  • 4
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    New evidence for habitat specific selection in Wadden Sea Zostera marina populations revealed by genome scanning using SNP and microsatellite markers (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 157 . pp. 81-89.
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Eelgrass Zostera marina is an ecosystem-engineering species of outstanding importance for coastal soft sediment habitats that lives in widely diverging habitats. Our first goal was to detect divergent selection and habitat adaptation at the molecular genetic level; hence, we compared three pairs of permanently submerged versus intertidal populations using genome scans, a genetic marker-based approach. Three different statistical approaches for outlier identification revealed divergent selection at 6 loci among 46 markers (6 SNPs, 29 EST microsatellites and 11 anonymous microsatellites). These outlier loci were repeatedly detected in parallel habitat comparisons, suggesting the influence of habitat-specific selection. A second goal was to test the consistency of the general genome scan approach by doubling the number of gene-linked microsatellites and adding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, a novel marker type for seagrasses, compared to a previous study. Reassuringly, results with respect to selection were consistent among most marker loci. Functionally interesting marker loci were linked to genes involved in osmoregulation and water balance, suggesting different osmotic stress, and reproductive processes (seed maturation), pointing to different life history strategies. The identified outlier loci are valuable candidates for further investigation into the genetic basis of natural selection.
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  • 5
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    Sibling species or poecilogony in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger? (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 142 . pp. 937-947.
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: In marine invertebrates multiple modes of development, or poecilogony, may occur in a single species. However, after close examination, many of such putative cases turned out to be sibling species. A case in point may be the cosmopolitan orbiniid polychaete Scoloplos armiger, which inhabits marine shallow sediments. In addition to the well-known direct, holobenthic development from egg cocoons, pelagic larvae have also been described. Our culture experiments revealed a spatially segregated source of the two developmental modes. All females of an intertidal population produced egg cocoons and no pelagic larvae. All but 2 out of 15 females of an adjacent subtidal population produced pelagic larvae and no egg cocoons. Based on these results we performed a molecular genetic analysis (RAPD-PCR) on three intertidal and four subtidal populations in the North Sea. Selected samples from all sites were analysed also by the AFLP method. We found significantly higher genetic diversity within subtidal than within intertidal populations. This is consistent with a wider dispersal by pelagic larvae and a smaller effective population size when development is holobenthic. Total genetic divergence is not related to distance but to the intertidal/subtidal division. We suggest that S. armiger actually represents two sibling species.
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  • 6
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    Lower Vibrio spp. abundances in Zostera marina leaf canopies suggest a novel ecosystem function for temperate seagrass beds (2021)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Seagrasses, a polyphyletic group of about 60 marine angiosperm species, are the foundation of diverse and functionally important marine habitats along sheltered sedimentary coasts. As a novel ecological function with high societal relevance, a role of the seagrass leaf canopy for reducing potentially harmful bacteria has recently been hypothesized in tropical regions, but data for temperate regions are lacking. Here, we tested whether or not the abundance of general bacteria and more specifically, those belonging to the genus Vibrio were reduced within temperate Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadows compared to adjacent sand flats and sampled 5 sites in the south-western Baltic Sea using SCUBA. Compared to non-vegetated area, we found an average reduction of 39% for all Vibrio and 63% for the potentially harmful V. vulnificus/cholerae subtype based on robust plate counting data on Vibrio selective agar. The underlying mechanism of the reduction in bacterial load is currently elusive and clearly merits further study. Our results underline the critical importance of seagrasses in maintaining shallow water ecosystem functioning including water quality and provide further motivation for their protection and restoration.
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