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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space: A non-limiting resource in the niches of some abundant coral reef gastropods (1982)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 1 (1982), S. 3-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Given the importance attributed to the occupation of space in benthic coral reef communities, this study asks the question: are any particular microhabitat types limiting resources for an assemblage of worm-eating gastropods on Heron reef (Great Barrier Reef). Microhabitat resource use was measured on three occasions, separated by 12 and 20-month periods. The gastropod populations were typical of those of other Indo-Pacific sites with respect to mean shell size and density. Fluctuations in species' size and density are assumed to have not significantly influenced availability of microhabitat resources. Gastropods occurred mainly in the structurally complex “refuge” microhabitats during the day and showed an increased abundance in smooth, exposed, “foraging” microhabitat nocturnally. Nassarius gaudiosus is the most extreme microhabitat specialist diurnally and the most extreme microhabitat generalist nocturnally. A similar, although less pronounced trend was exhibited by other gastropod species. Microhabitat niche overlap was high for Conus coronatus, C. miliaris, C. flavidus, Vasum turbinellus and N. gaudiosus at night and was also high during the day for all these species except N. gaudiosus, which showed little overlap with other gastropod species diurnally. Using gastropod abundance data from all samples, and independently derived microhabitat abundance data, multiple regression analysis demonstrated: 1) A significant relationship between the abundances of N. gaudiosus, C. coronatus, and C. flavidus and the abundance of microhabitat 2 (sand under rocks=“refuge”). 2) No positive association between gastropod abundance and the abundance of microhabitat 7a (thin layer of algal-bound sand on reef limestone). Only N. gaudiosus is abundant in microhabitat 2. Therefore it is concluded that, with some exceptions, microhabitat abundance does not have a significant influence, directly or indirectly, on gastropod abundance. It is possible that density-independent mortality is maintaining gastropod densities below that at which competitive interactions, with respect to microhabitats, have significant effects on the gastropods' use of those resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286534
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns in the use of space by benthic communities on two coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (1986)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 5 (1986), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A rapid benthic line-transect survey method for use by non-specialist observers is described. At both Davies Reef (mid-continental shelf) and Myrmidon Reef (outer-continental shelf) in the central Great Barrier Reef a set of 6 sites of varying depths on the reef flat, crest and slope were sampled using this method. At least 10 contiguous 10 m transects were made at each site. Benthic organisms were recorded as life forms with categories based on both high level taxa and morphologies, and including scleractinian corals, alcyonarians, sponges, algae and others. Percentage cover data for 19 benthic categories are presented for all sites. Coral cover on both reefs is high on the crest and slope but low on the reef flat. At all sites the cover of soft corals and sponges is much less than cover of hard corals and algae. Abundances of soft corals and sponges increase with depth. Analysis of gaps between hard corals show that many colonies grow close to each other (〈1 cm)even when total coral cover is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270355
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns in the structural typology of benthic communities on two coral reefs of the central Great Barrier Reef (1986)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 4 (1986), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The morphological life-forms, that is to say, physiognomic-structural attributes, of two coral reef communities were used in a numerical analysis to determine the power of these attributes in recovering the underlying community structure. We used 17 attributes from the benthic communities at 6 reef slope sites on each of a midshelf and off-shore reef of the central Great Barrier Reef. These reefs had been previously well studied by traditional species-level means for several major taxonomic groups such as corals, fish and soft corals. Our multivariate analyses were able to recover broad patterns of between-reef affinity and discrete within-reef zonation patterns similar to those found in earlier studies, and in broad accord with the prevailing model of reef community structure, but with far greater efficacy. But perhaps more importantly, by placing all the benthos within the same context for the first time, our analyses were able to recover new patterns of community structure independent of the ones described earlier. This suggests that single-model explantations for the complex phenomena of coral reefs are likely to be inadequate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427937
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns in the distribution of the crinoid community at Davies Reef on the central Great Barrier Reef (1987)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 5 (1987), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The crinoid community of Davies Reef, a midshelf reef in the central Great Barrier Reef, was systematically sampled in all major crinoid habitats. A total of 294 individuals of 27 species-level taxa was found in 25 sites across the reef. Of these 27 taxa, 20 were confidently assigned to known species. The 25 sitesx27 taxa matrix was subjected to an array of pattern extraction and diagnostic techniques — numerical classification, ordination and minimum spanning trees — to elucidate the structure of the community. These analyses revealed a consistent structure characterized by a species-rich ensemble around the periphery of the reef which was attenuated towards the inside of the reef. This structure contrasts strongly with the patterns seen in other major reef communities, such as hard and soft corals, fish or sponges. In these communities, different parts of the reef are characterized by distinctive sets of species, a depthbased zonation of the communities is evident, and the fore-reef slope typically supports a different ensemble from the back-reef slope. We conclude that the crinoid community offers a significant opportunity to observe the coral reef ecosystem from a different perspective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300962
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of predictability in coral reef community structure (1987)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 6 (1987), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The question of whether population numbers are predictable in coral reef communities is confronted directly by trying to predict abundances of benthic taxa both within and between two reefs on the central Great Barrier Reef. Using models derived via the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), taxon abundances were found to be more predictable at Davies Reef than at Myrmidon Reef and a significant number of taxa showed consistent predictability patterns in all tests. For most taxa, the predictability of benthic abundances increased steadily with increasing spatial scale. Water depth figured prominently in almost all of the models obtained, emphasizing its importance as a physical determinant of local taxon abundances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the physical parameters of coral distributions using line transect data (1984)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 2 (1984), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present a new method for extracting a comprehensive suite of biologically significant parameters from line transect data of coral communities. In addition to the percentage coral cover (the traditionally extracted parameter), the method extracts the population density of the coral colonies, their mean diameter and associated standard deviation and, for adequate data, their size frequency distribution. The method assumes only that the coral colonies form a system of non-overlapping circles in the plane, that the diameters of the circles are random quantities with an unknown distribution function, and that the transects are placed randomly. We test the method on both theoretical and real data to show that it performs as well as, if not better than, current methods in extracting the traditional parameter as well as being able to extract the additional useful parameters indicated. Because the method makes few restrictive assumptions and seems robust when used with field data, we suggest that it has wide application wherever line transects are used for ecological survey. The method is implemented in a Fortran program available from the senior author.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263570
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of the geological evidence for previous Acanthaster outbreaks (1986)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 4 (1986), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Much debate has surrounded the notion that outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) have occurred in the geological past and hence are natural phenomena. As this debate has recently been renewed, we have reassessed statistically data presented by Frankel (1977, 1978) as evidence for the occurrence of past outbreaks. This was done using Frankel's data as well as those from extensive starfish surveys conducted prior to the commencement of his research. Our analysis of these data indicates that the occurrence of A. planci remains in recent sediments is independent of whether or not the reef from which the sample was collected had experienced a recent outbreak. Based on this premise, it is not possible to infer from Frankel's data the occurrence of past outbreaks from similar material in much older sediments. Thus while the data presented by Frankel (1977, 1978) may show that A. planci has existed within the Great Barrier Reef for at least several thousand years it does not demonstrate that outbreaks of this starfish have occurred in the geological past.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298082
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of recent outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) along the Great Barrier Reef: 1985–1986 (1988)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 7 (1988), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A large survey program was conducted during 1985/1986 to determine the extent of activity of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, and its broad effects on the coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The perimeters of 228 reefs (about 9% of reefs in the GBR system) were surveyed within 1 year using rapid survey, manta tow techniques. These reefs encompassed the broad latitudinal and longitudinal gradients within the GBR. Approximately 27% (62 reefs) of the reefs surveyed had recently experienced (18%), or were experiencing (9%), an outbreak of the crown-of-thorns starfish. These outbreaks were mainly confined to reefs in the central third of the GBR (between Lizard Island and Townsville) and had affected, to varying degrees, approximately 65% of the reefs surveyed within this region. A greater proportion of mid-shelf reefs had experienced outbreaks than outer-shelf reefs, although this difference was not statistically significant. Of the small number of inner-shelf reefs surveyed, none had been recently affected by an outbreak. Large active outbreaks of starfish were reported on many of the reefs located off Townsville while much smaller outbreaks were found on several reefs at the southern end of the GBR, in the Swain Reef complex. Almost 86% of reefs currently experiencing an outbreak had moderate to high coral mortality over at least a third of their perimeters. Only 10% of reefs with active outbreaks had high coral mortality over most of their windward and leeward margins. A similar proportion of reefs had low to moderate coral mortality over less than a third of their perimeters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300972
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Acanthaster planci outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef between 1966 and 1989 (1990)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 9 (1990), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of data from 1966 to 1989 indicates 2 periods of abundant starfish outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). While the data for the first peak of activity (1966–1975) are relatively limited, the data for the most recent peak of activity (1981–1989) support the hypothesis of southward moving waves of outbreaks. The southward drift of outbreak activity is consistent with speed and direction of average summer currents on the GBR but the concept of a discrete seed area to initiate the wave is not substantiated, nor testable, with presently available data. As the present wave of outbreaks appears to be declining in the central section of the GBR (17–19°S) small residual populations may remain. If the outbreaks are coupled to coral recovery patterns then the next period of high starfish activity in the central section would be expected in the late-1990's.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by using purified poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthase of Chromatium vinosum (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Purified recombinant poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) (PHA) synthase from Chromatium vinosum (PhaECCv) was used to examine in vitro the specific synthase activity, turnover of R-(−)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A (3HB-CoA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) formation under various conditions. The 3HB-CoA consumption was terminated by a reaction-dependent inactivation of the PHA synthase. Salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, NaCl), proteins (bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, phasine) or detergent (Tween 20) increased the 3HB-CoA turnover to 2.5-fold. Specific PHA synthase activity was only partially affected by the added components. In general, a higher concentration of salt often inhibited the activity of PhaECCv without affecting the yield according to 3HB-CoA turnover. NAD+ and NADP+ (2 mM) inhibited PhaECCv completely, where-as NADH and NADPH did not. Macroscopic poly(3HB) granules were formed in vitro if PhaECCv was incubated in the presence of sufficient amounts of 3HB-CoA and if MgCl2 was present. The form and size of the granules synthesized in vitro were affected by the concentration of the PHA synthase protein as well as by bovine serum albumin and the GA24 protein, a poly(3HB)-granule-associated protein of Alcaligenes eutrophus. Scanning electron micrographs from the synthesized granules were obtained. The granules consisted of poly(3HB) that had a molar mass in the range (1–2) × 106 g/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051166
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