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  • 1
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    Climate and solar signals in property damage losses from hurricanes affecting the United States (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-30
    Print ISSN: 0921-030X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0840
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic rates of benthic marine algae in relation to light intensity and seasonal variations (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 37 (1976), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of light intensity on rate of photosynthesis was measured at irregular intervals over a 12-month period for 22 benthic marine algae in the western Baltic Sea. In most species photosynthesis (mg O2·g dry weight-1·h-1) was highest in spring and summer, corresponding to the seasonal growth pattern of the algae. In winter all the species showed adaptation of the light compensation point. Highest productivity was shown by algae which are: short-lived annual species rather than perennials, eulittoral rather than sublittoral, and which possess sheet-like or filamentous thalli rather than coarsely branched forms. These factors are clearly inter-related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of photosynthetic rates for the marine algae Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 37 (1976), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A continuously recording, flow-through oxygen electrode system for the measurement of oxygen exchange is described and applied to an investigation of photosynthetic rates in the marine algae Fucus vesiculosus L. and Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lam. The photosynthetic rate (mg O2.g dry weight-1.h-1) at 15°C and 21.5 mW.cm-2 (usually just saturating) ranges in F. vesiculosus from 1.20 in basal portions of the thallus to 9.27 at the apices and in L. digitata from 1.19 mg O2 at the thallus base to 3.97 mg O2 at distances of several centimetres behind the upper thallus margin. This variation is reduced when the photosynthetic rate is expressed in terms of fresh weight or surface area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition of the temperate Australian soft coral Capnella gaboensis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 95 (1987), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Capnella gaboensis Verseveldt, 1977 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) is an abundant soft coral in the temperate waters of south-eastern Australia. From 1981 to 1984, using material collected from Sydney Harbour (33°50′S; 151°15′E), we investigated certain aspects of its apparently obligate association with its symbiotic zooxanthellae, Symbiodinium sp. Numbers of zooxanthellae and chlorophyll content were recorded throughout the first year, then net photosynthesis and respiratory rates of the coral as a function of photo-flux densities, temperature and season were measured in later years. The fractions into which photosynthetically fixed carbon was incorporated were also determined. The zooxanthellae contained a mean of 4.1 μg chlorophyll a 10-6 zooxanthellae. Neither the numbers of zooxanthellae in C. gaboensis nor the chlorophyll a content varied on a seasonal basis. Photon-flux densities in the field ranged from 5 to 120 μE m-2 s-1 over the year. The maximum net oxygen-exchange rate recorded for C. gaboensis was 9.4 μmol O2 mg-1 chlorophyll a h-1 at 871 μE m-2 s-1. The maximum carbon fixation rate obtained was 65.6 μmol C mg-1 chlorophyll a h-1 at 100 μE m-2 s-1. Photosynthesis of C. gaboensis was not light-saturated at 871 μE m-2 s-1; the light compensation point was in the range 50 to 90 μE m-2 s-1 and the optimum temperature was 25°C. Photosynthetic rates were highest in populations sampled in summer. Labelling with 14C showed that photosynthetically fixed carbon was initially incorporated into the aqueous-methanol (low molecular weight) fraction of the coral tissues. From 20 to 100 min after the introduction of the 14C label the rate of incorporation was fairly evenly divided between the aqueous methanol-soluble, the chloroform-soluble (lipid) and the insoluble fractions. In the light, little 14C was released as particulate and/or dissolved organic carbon. Translocation of products of photosynthesis represented up to approximately 10% of the total fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393100
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition of the temperate Australian soft coral Capnella gaboensis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 95 (1987), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the ability of Capnella gaboensis Verseveldt, 1977 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) to utilize heterotrophic food sources, and the importance of heterotrophic nutrition and photosynthesis in its diet, by using preserved material and histological sections of field-collected specimens and by means of laboratory experiments in which coral branches were fed with 14C-labelled food of different sizes. The study was conducted from April 1982 to August 1984. C. gaboensis receives nutrition from the photosynthesis of its symbiotic zooxanthellae, Symbiodinium sp., and from heterotrophic sources. Up to 10% of the algal photosynthate was translocated to the animal-host tissues. The contribution of translocated carbon from the zooxanthellae to the daily respiratory carbon requirement of the animal was estimated to be well below 50% in all seasons except in the summer of 1983–1984, indicating that the coral must rely on additional sources of nutrition (i.e., heterotrophy) for most, if not all, of the year. Field (Sydney Harbour: 33°50′S; 151°15′E) and laboratory observations and experiments indicated that this coral probably feeds upon zooplankton, small particulate matter and dissolved organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcification in the maerl coralline alga Phymatolithon calcareum: Effects of salinity and temperature (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 70 (1982), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coralline alga Phymatolithon calcareum was dredged from 13 m in the Kattegatt, Baltic Sea, in December, 1980, and its rate of calcification was measured by 45Ca++-uptake methods. Light-saturated calcification rates at 5°C ranged from 15.8 μg CaCO3 g-1 dry wt h-1 for the basal parts of the plants to 38.7 μg CaCO3 g-1 dry wt h-1 for the tips. These “age” gradients were not apparent when calcification rates were expressed on the basis of surface area. Experiments with salinity (10, 20, 30‰) and temperature (0°, 5°, 10°, 20°C) indicated that optimum conditions for calcification were at 30‰ S and at temperatures above 10°C. Salinity had a greater influence on calcification rate than did temperature, and there was a positive relationship between salinity and calcification rate at all temperatures. In 6 mo old cultures, salinity was again the important factor, with all plants remaining healthy at 30‰ except those at the highest temperature (20°C). These trends, and the low calcification rates at 10‰S (4.6 μg CaCO3 g-1 dry wt h-1 at 5°C to 8.6 μg CaCO3g-1 dry wt h-1 at 20°C) suggest that low salinity may be the explanation for the general absence of P. calcareum from the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. Short-term experiments in which salinity was kept constant while Ca++ concentration was altered, and experiments in which salinity was varied and Ca++ concentration kept constant, suggest that it is the calcium ion concentration and not salinity per se which affects calcification rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397685
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional boundary-layer transition on a cone at Mach 3.5 (1992)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 13 (1992), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A boundary-layer transition study on a sharp, 5° half-angle cone at various angles of attack was conducted at Mach 3.5. Transition data were obtained with and without significantly reduced freestream acoustic disturbance levels. A progressive downstream and upstream motion of the transition front on the windward and leeward rays, respectively, of the cone with angle of attack was observed for the high noise level data in agreement with data trends obtained in conventional (“noisy”) wind tunnels. However, the downstream movement was not observed to the same degree for the low noise level data in the present study. Transition believed to be crossflow dominated was found to be less receptive to freestream acoustic disturbances than first-mode (Tollmien-Schlichting) dominated transition. The previously-developed crossflow transition Reynolds number criterion, χ tr,max ≈200, was found to be inadequate for the current case. An improved criterion is offered, which includes compressibility and flow-geometry effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sodium chloride on inhibition of Desulfovibrio by a surfactant (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 71 (1970), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The abnormally high resistance of certain marine strains of the sulphate-reducing bacteria to the bacteriostatic effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied. A strain of the NaCl-requiring species Desulfovibrio salexigens and a halotolerant strain of D. desulfuricans both showed a marked increase in resistance to CTAB (about one-hundredfold for the former organism) with increasing salinity of the growth medium: this was attributed to enhanced micelle formation by CTAB in presence of NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation and thermal annealing effects on native and ion-irradiated PbTe films grown by molecular beam deposition (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80.Jh ; 73.60.Fw ; 82.65−i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Investigations are reported into the effect of low-pressure oxygen exposure and thermal annealing on the carrier transport properties of native and 350 eV Ar+ bombarded PbTe films. The electrical measurements were madein situ on MBD-grown PbTe films without breaking vacuum. On native surfaces, oxidation was initially sustained by diffusion of a donor species from the film bulk to the surface, where reaction with oxygen occured. This diffusion process was apparently inhibited on ion irradiated films and direct doping of the film surface effected a gradual reduction in the ion-induced electron accumulation resident at the film surface. The native properties and behavioural characteristics of the films could be recovered by thermal annealing of the ion-irradiated and/or oxidized films at 300–350 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617499
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple empirical equation for estimating critical temperatures of copper oxide superconductors: a prediction of the impossibility of room-temperature superconductivity in such materials (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1990), S. 5-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00722851
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