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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of an experimental pollution by neogenous and fossil organic matter on microphyto- and macrozoobenthic communities were studied in situ over a 1 yr period (July 1989 to May 1990) in a shallow microtidal bay (Gulf of Fos, south coast of France). Three experimental enclosures of 1 m2 non-defaunated sediments were covered with 1 cm of polluted defaunated sediments. The sediment in one enclosure contained natural biodeposits with a high organic matter content (BD), that in a second enclosure contained Arabian light crude oil (BAL), and the sediment in the third enclosure contained diesel oil-based cuttings (CUT). Pollution by contaminants did not prevent microphytobenthos from colouizing sediments. Population changes over time were quite similar in all enclosures, except in CUT, where a four times higher chlorophyll a content appeared to be related to a decreased number of grazers and consequently lower grazing rates of animals. Toxicity to the fauna was immediate in the case of BAL and occurred within 3 mo at CUT. Opportunistic species settled in all contaminated sediments; this occurred quite rapidly in BD and BAL which recovered within 3 mo to levels comparable with control sediments. In CUT, natural populations had not recovered after 1 yr, whereas a quasi-monospecific population of Capitella capitata was still present. During the first 3 mo, the oxygen demand of the sediment was higher in oil-contaminated sediments than in controls. On the whole, the changes in fluxes and organism assemblages in our weakly tidal area appear to be consistent with other findings in macrotidal seas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Sept années de recherches sur le «Grand Récif» de Tuléar (côte sud-ouest de Madagascar) conduisent les auteurs à présenter quelques résultats préliminaires nouveaux et à suggérer quelques hypothèses de travail concernant notamment la structure trophique du complexe biocoenotique récifal. 2. Le «Grand Récif” de Tuléar paraît constituer un système presque autarcique doté d'une production primare benthique importante représentée par: les zooxanthelles, qui paraissent être éliminées normalement de façon plus ou moins rythmique par les invertébrés hôtes; les Diatomées et Cyanophycées épiphytes; peut-être les «filaments verts» (Ostreobium) existant dans le squelette des Coraux. L'apport énergétique d'origine planctonique paraît faible. 3. La plupart des Cnidaires sessiles, et particulièrement les Zoanthaires, produisent des quantités importantes de mucus; celui-ci intervient sans doute dans la genèse d'agrégats particulaires, pourvus d'une couverture de microorganismes épiphytes; cette production «paraprimaire» est récupérée par le complexe récifal, d'une part au niveau des bancs de sables grossiers, et, d'autre part, par le réseau alvéolaire évoqué ci-dessous. 4. La lacune la plus grave de toutes les études antérieures concernant le complexe biocoenotique récifal est de n'avoir considéré que ce qui existait sur le récif construit et d'avoir négligé la riche faune de petits invertébrés, appartenant essentiellement à l'échelon secondaire de la pyramide alimentaire, faune qui est enfermée dans un système de cavités («maille récifale”) d'où elle ne sort que sous l'effet de la surpopulation. 5. La production relativement faible des édifices récifaux à l'échelon des poissons carnivores paraît résulter essentiellement du blocage de cette production secondaire au sein de la «maille récifale»; il y a là un gigantesque gaspillage de production animale qui fait du complexe récifal un système déséquilibré sur le plant trophique.
    Notes: Abstract Seven years of investigations on the so-called “Grand Récif” at Tuléar (south-western coast of Madagascar) lead the authors to put forward several hypotheses about the trophic structure of this biocoenotic complex. The Tuléar coral reef seems to be an almost autarchic system, with a very important benthic primary production by xanthelles, epiphytic diatoms and blue-green algae, and perhaps “green filaments” (Ostreobium); the energetic contribution from planktonic production seems to be rather small. A very important content of organic aggregates in the reef waters probably results from the high production of mucus by most of the corals and similar organisms (mainly zoantharians). This “paraprimary” production is trapped in the coarse sand banks and in the “mesh” of the reef (see below). The fauna of small invertebrates, belonging mainly to the secondary link of the food chain, is very rich in the small holes and crevices existing in the reef mass, but scarce in the biocoenoses on the reef surface. The dead parts of the reef have a “mesh” structure which confines most of this fauna representing the secondary level of the food pyramid. The production of fish in the reef coral environment is poor, probably because of the blocking of most of this secondary production in the reef's “mesh” structure; in this alveolary system a gigantic wasting of animal production takes place, which makes the trophic structure of the coral reef complex and quite unbalanced.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A contribution to the theory of Maxwell's equation in the time-independent case with the boundary condition n·B=n·D=0 (n outer normal) for the interior and exterior problem of a bounded domain G⊂R3 is given by means of Hilbert space methods. The problem is reduced to one with the boundary condition (in classical notation) n·curl E=n·curl H=0, which permits partial integration of the curl-operator. Carrying the existence and uniqueness theorems which are available in this case back to the original boundary value problem we get corresponding results.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 27 (1979), S. 31-45 
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Generalizing harmonic differential forms (rot ω=0, div ω=0 in M, M being a smooth riemannian manifold with boundary) of first and second kind (ω=0 and *ω=0 on ∂M resp.) within the framework of Hilbert space notation, it is possible to extend the meaning of the boundary conditions to non-smooth boundaries. It turns out that in this case the classical result is still valid for certain open subregions G of M: The dimension of the space of harmonic differential forms of second kind is given by the q-th Betti number of G; *-duality leads to the respective result for harmonic differential forms of first kind.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'emploi du microscope électronique à balayage s'est révélé une technique excellente dans l'étude à très forts grossissements des microstructures ornant l'apex des soies en crochets de certaines polychètes sédentaires (Capitellidae et Oweniidae, par exemple). 2. Ces microstructures peuvent être considérées comme un critère systématique très précis dans certains groupes; une représentation parfaite nous a permis de rassembler ou, au contraire, de séparer des polychètes récoltées en la Mer Méditerranée et dans le Canal de Mozambique (Madagascar), ou encore de reconnaître des formes différentes chez des espèces dites cosmopolites.
    Notes: Abstract Seanning electron microscopy proves to be an ideal technique for the examination of microstructures ornamenting the apex of the hooks of some sedentarian Polychaeta (e.g. Capitellidae, Oweniidae). As these microstructures are considered to be very precise systematical criteria for certain groups, good topographical charts of them allow us to group or, on the other hand, to separate polychaete species sampled in the Mediterranean Sea and Mozambic Channel (coasts of Madagascar), or again to identify different forms among species reported as cosmopolitan.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 47 (1896), S. 155-156 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 39 (1891), S. 142-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 8
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    Mathematische Annalen 46 (1895), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 290 (1991), S. 491-508 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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