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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative distributions of alkalies, alkaline earths and lead among major tissues of the tuna thunnus alalunga (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 39 (1977), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrences of K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb have been determined in various tissues of the tuna fish Thunnus alalunga. K, Rb, and Cs are distributed uniformly throughout the organs of the fish; 95% of the ca and Sr, and 70% of the Ba and Pb are contained in the skeleton. It is found that there are smaller amouts of Cs, Ba and Pb associated with the nutrient metals K and Ca in a marine animal compared to a terrestrial animal. This difference is a result of the purity of K and Ca in sea-water and the smaller amounts of trace metals associated with them compared to the impurity of K and Ca in terrestrial rocks. Food-chain enhancement and depletion of metals can be evaluated by comparing rations of trace metals to abundant nutrient metals in seawater and tuna. Cs is enriched relative to K in going from seawater to tuna by a factor of 13. Sr and Ba are both depleted by factors of 5 relative to Ca in going from seawater to tuna, while Pb is enriched relative to Ca by a factor of 14. Special clean laboratory procedures were used to prepare samples for accurate analysis by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thallium in marine plankton (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 90 (1986), S. 501-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of thallium in phytoplankton (0.02 to 0.8 μg g−1), zooplankton (0.03 to 0.5 μg g−1) and ichthyoplankton (0.1 μg g−1) from the central Pacific were comparable $$\left( {\bar x = 0.2\mu g{\text{ }}g^{ - 1} } \right)$$ , as were the atomic ratios of thallium to calcium (∼3x10−6) and to potassium (∼1x10−6) in those organisms. These relatively constant ratios, plus the biounlimited ocean profile of thallium, indicate that it is rapidly cycled through plankton in the same manner as potassium, its principal biogeochemical analogue. The higher atomic ratios of thallium to potassium in pelagic clays (6x10−6) and ferromanganese nodules (4x10−3) suggest that both biological transport processes and abiotic transport processes influence this trace element's oceanic cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A taxon-specific oligonucleotide probe for temperate zone soil isolates of Glomus mosseae (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Internal transcribed spacer ; Ribosomal DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The 5.8 S subunit and flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from spores of Glomus mosseae FL156 and UK118 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ITS1 and ITS4 as primers. The amplification product from template DNA of UK118 was cloned and sequenced (569 bp); the amplified DNA from FL156 was sequenced directly (582 bp). There was a 95% sequence similarity between DNAs amplified from the two isolates; in contrast, major dissimilarities with partial sequences of seven other glomalean taxa were observed. Four oligonucleotide sequences unique to Glomus mosseae were identified as potential primers. Their specificity to Glomus mosseae was assessed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA from spores from 36 glomalean fungi: 13 isolates of Glomus mosseae, two Glomus monosporum, 10 other Glomus isolates, and 11 other glomalean taxa from each of four other genera. The Glomus mosseae isolates were from a broad range of temperate zone agricultural soils. Oligonucleotide pair GMOS1 : GMOS2 primed specific amplification of an oligonucleotide sequence (approximately 400 bp) present in all Glomus mosseae isolates and two isolates of the closely related Glomus monosporum. This primer pair did not prime PCR when the template consisted of DNA from any of the other glomalean fungi or any of the nonmycorrhizal controls. In addition, a 24-mer oligonucleotide, designated GMOS5, hybridized with Glomus mosseae and Glomus monosporum DNA amplified by PCR using primer pairs ITS1 : ITS4 and GMOS1 : GMOS2. Colony-blot assays showed that GMOS5 hybridized to 100% and 97% of E. coli pUC19 clones of amplification products from Glomus mosseae FL156 and UK118 DNA templates, respectively, indicating that nearly all clones contained an homologous sequence. GMOS5 was used successfully to detect specifically Glomus mosseae in DNA extracted from colonized sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense L.) roots and amplified by PCR using the primer pair GMOS1 : GMOS2. The results confirm several previous indications that Glomus mosseae and Glomus monosporum are indistinguishable taxonomic entities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid and protein histochemistry of enamel — Effects of fluoride (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Protein ; Lipid ; Histochemistry ; Enamel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Staining reactions for a number of histochemical procedures for lipophilic staining and protein were studied in the enamel matrix along the length of rat incisors. Sudan Black gave a positive stain across the whole thickness of very early enamel (up to 30 μm) but this staining only continued as a narrow band close to the ameloblasts as the enamel matured. A variety of tests for protein produced almost identical staining patterns in enamel matrix up to 100 μm thick. Since the pattern of “lipid” staining persisted, after using a number of procedures which could normally be expected to remove lipid, it is suggested that Sudan Black positive staining may be due to lipophilic protein rather than lipid itself. Fluoride did not significantly alter the staining reactions for “lipid” and protein but did proceduce matrix which was much more effectively stained by cross-linking agents FFDNB and FF sulphene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte-infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Balansiae ; Clavicipitaceae ; fungal endophyte ; loline alkaloids ; ergot alkaloids ; peramine ; Popillia japonica N. ; host plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187732
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second ionization of carbonic acid in NaCl media to 250°C (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 647-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Ionization ; carbonic acid ; equilibrium ; high temperature ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The equilibrium quotients for the first ionization of aqueous carbon dioxide were previously determined at this laboratory. A similar potentiometric technique has now been employed to determine the second ionization quotients in NaCl media to 5m and from 50 to 250°C. The results have been combined with selected information in the literature and modeled to derive thermodynamic parameters including equilibrium constants, activity coefficient quotients, changes in enthalpies and changes in heat capacity along the saturation pressure curve. Approximate values for pressure coefficients were obtained to permit the short extrapolations from experimental conditions to the saturation pressure condition. The results demonstrate that log K2/Kw, when plotted vs. 1/T, gives nearly a straight line as has been observed for a number of other such processes. This provides the best means of extrapolation beyond the temperature of the measurements. The results have been applied to an examination of the solubility of calcite (calcium carbonate) as a function of hydrogen ion molality (in a given NaCl medium) for the condition where the calcium ion molality equals the total carbonate molality (in all forms).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strawberry foliage headspace vapor components at periods of susceptibility and resistance toTetranychus urticae Koch (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 789-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fragaria ananassa ; two-spotted spider mite ; Tetranychus urticae ; Acari ; Tetranychidae ; headspace compounds ; methyl salicylate ; seasonal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Headspace components from strawberry foliage have been isolated by nitrogen entrainment and Tenax trapping. Traps were eluted with hexane, and components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified by comparison with authentic standards,trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol,trans-2-hexen-1-ol,cis-3-hexen-1-ol, hexyl acetate,cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, ethyl saiicylate, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol. The relative amounts of these components were compared at flowering and after fruit harvest when plants were more resistant to the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch. The predominant components,cis-3-hexen-1-ol and its acetate, did not change markedly between the sampling periods, but methyl salicylate increased approximately 10-fold after fruit harvest. Methyl salicylate at low concentrations under bioassay conditions did not affect mite behavior. The biosynthetic relationship of this compound to other phenols which have been implicated in plant resistance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continental origin and industrial sources of trace metals in the Northwest Atlantic troposphere (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 14 (1992), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Trace metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and stable lead isotopes) have been analyzed in precipitation and total aerosols collected in the northwest Atlantic troposphere in April and November 1989. According to stable lead isotope signatures we encountered two main air mass sources, Mediterranean easterlies (206Pb/207Pb=1.131) and US westerlies (206Pb/207Pb=1.195–1.205). The phasing out of leaded gasoline has been invoked to explain the decrease of the 206Pb/207Pb ratios from 1.22 to 1.20 for the past 10 years in North America. Based on trajectory analyses, intermediate 206Pb/207Pb ratios are explained by a mixing of pure US westerlies with Canadian air masses (206Pb/207Pb=1.190–1.195) or Mediterranean air masses (206Pb/207Pb=1.18–1.19). Isentropic trajectories are very useful in explaining the variability of trace metal concentrations, a result of the fluctuating transport range of anthropogenic aerosols to remote marine areas of the North Atlantic. Lead concentrations appear to be closely correlated to the air mass transport patterns as defined from the meteorological analyses. For instance oceanic air masses transported over remote marine areas for more than three days were characterized by lead concentrations 2 to 10 times lower (Pb=0.5 to 2 ng/scm) than coastal air masses (Pb=3 to 10 ng/scm). Anthropogenic trace metal concentrations are generally in good agreement with the air mass signatures which display Pb and Cu, Ni, Zn concentrations higher than 2 and 10 ng/scm respectively in aerosol samples for the US source. Trace metal elemental ratios and soil enrichment factors were used to define industrial sources. Aerosol originating from the US exhibits the distinct industrial signature of Cu/Ni production and coal-oil combustion, while steel metallurgy could account for more than 50% of the overall Mn input into the Northwest Atlantic ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115243
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Song repertoires and sexual selection in the Red-winged Blackbird (1980)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 7 (1980), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The female choice and male-male competition hypotheses for the evolution of song repertoires were tested by studying repertoire size, pairing success, reproductive experience, and territory size in the Red-winged Blackbird. Analysis of these variables produced the following results: 1) Male Red-winged Blackbirds with large song repertoires were more experienced and acquired more females than those with small repertoires. 2) The apparent preference of female redwings for males with large repertoires was an indirect consequence of the correlation between repertoire size and amount of reproductive experience. 3) Examination of males lacking reproductive experience indicated that large repertoires confer an advantage in competition for territories, and that females prefer males defending superior territories. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that song repertoires in the Red-winged Blackbird evolved in response to male-male competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299369
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  • 10
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    A comparison of physicochemical variables across plant zones in a mangal/salt marsh community in Louisiana (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0277-5212
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-6246
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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