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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 611-626 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Detailed stratigraphic analysis of the Green Tuff of Pantelleria shows that this formation can be divided into several members designateda throughh from base to top. These members have a coherent pattern when traced from outcrop to outcrop throughout the island shedding light on their origin. Only memberg completely mantles the entire island. The distribution of the other members is controlled by prevailing wind direction or by topography. Membera is entirely of fall origin. Membersc ande are of fall and/or surge type. Membersb,d, andh have the characteristics of thin welded ash-flow tuffs. Membersf andg are ash-flow tuffs with textural characteristics of compound cooling units. Most of the ash-flow tuffs exhibit characteristics of ignimbrites: vertical fluidization pipes, local concentrations of lithic lapilli, imbrication of clasts, and valley ponding. Memberg is unusual in that it is highly-welded, exhibits large-scale rheomorphic structures, contains huge lithic clasts, and has near-vertical foliation where it adheres to cliffs and caldera walls. Granulometric data from the members identified in the field as ignimbrites confirms this conclusion, as do density profiles through the various members.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Electron paramagnetic resonance ; Volcanic glasses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Glass samples from alkali-trachytic pumice of the Lower Member (LM, level LM1) and Upper Member (UM) of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff at Campi Flegrei Caldera were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR data show that the relative occupancy of the different iron sites varies in samples from the Lower Member LM1 and Upper Member of the eruptive sequence. The LM1 glasses are characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of the cationic site population of iron compared with UM and by a different Fe3+/Al3+ substitution in the C2v symmetrical sites of the silicate framework. 29Si MAS NMR spectra on glasses indicate that LM1 glasses are more depolymerized than UM glasses, indicating the existence of structurally distinct magma batches. 27Al MAS NMR spectra indicate the occurrence in UM glasses of aluminum in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination; the observed AlVI is believed to be a primary feature of the glass, since 27Al CP-MAS NMR experiments do not reveal detectable esa-hydrated Al. The Al in sixfold coordination could be ascribed either to the more abundant alkali–OH terminations in UM, in which alkalies would be extracted from their charge-balance role for Al, thus altering its fourfold structural position, or to permanent compaction during fast cooling and decompression of high-pressure melts. 23Na CP-MAS NMR experiments indicate the existence of Na–OH groups in both LM1 and UM glasses, relatively more abundant in the latter. Although preliminary, the results indicate the possible application of atomic-scale studies to variables that determine the regimes of explosive volcanism.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 46 (1985), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65D32 ; 41A17 ; CR: G 1.4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper we consider product formulas of interpolatory type for the two-dimensional Cauchy principal value integral: $$I(f;\eta _1 ,\eta _2 ) = \int\limits_{ - 1}^1 {\int\limits_{ - 1}^1 \omega (x,y)\frac{{f(x,y)}}{{(x - \eta _1 )(y - \eta _2 )}}dxdy} $$ where: η1, η2∈(−1,1), ω(x,y)=ω1(x)·ω2(y), and ω1(x) and ω2(x) are two absolutely integrable weight functions. The integral is approximated by $$F_{n,m} (f;\eta _1 ,\eta _2 ) = \sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {\sum\limits_{j = 0}^m {A_i^{(1)} (\eta _1 )A_j^{(2)} (\eta _2 )} f(x_i ,y_i )}$$ where the nodes {x i } and {y j } are the zeros of the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, commonly named “classical” abscissas, or the Clenshaw points, often called “practical” abscissas. We present convergence results for these rules.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 52 (1988), S. 459-466 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65D30 ; CR: G1.4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper we consider the approximate evaluation of $$\int\limits_a^b {K(x)f(x)dx} $$ , whereK(x) is a fixed Lebesgue integrable function, by product formulas of the form $$\sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {w_i f(x_i )} $$ based on cubic spline interpolation of the functionf. Generally, whenever it is possible, product quadratures incorporate the bad behaviour of the integrand in the kernelK. Here, however, we allowf to have a finite number of jump discontinuities in [a, b]. Convergence results are established and some numerical applications are given for a logarithmic singularity structure in the kernel.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 80 (1991), S. 187-200 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Many of the least eighty eruptions of the six silicic eruptive cycles in the last 50 ka at Pantelleria started out with explosive phases and ended with lava effusion. The pyroclastic rocks are rhyolitic in composition while the later-erupted lavas are less evolved up to trachyte probably due to the presence of a shallow and compositionally zoned magma chamber tapped at increasing depth during the eruptions. The products of twenty explosive eruptions have been recognized. Most of them are represented by fallout deposits, the only exceptions being the Green Tuff and the Fossa Carbonara Tuff. Hydromagmatism is very rare though the magmas interacted with sea water. It is supposed that interaction was not efficient because the magmas were not vesiculated and disrupted. Horizons showing variable degrees of welding up to vitrophyres, have often been identified in the air-fall tuffs. Most of the eruptions were characterized by low eruptive columns and were likely to have involved a strombolian-type mechanism.
    Abstract: Résumé Parmi les 80 éruptions des 6 cycles d'éruptions acides qui ont affecté Pantelleria au cours des 50.000 dernières années, les plus faibles ont commencé par une phase explosive et se sont achevées par des effusions de laves. La composition des roches pyroclastiques est rhyolitique tandis que celle des laves ultérieures, moins évoluées, est trachytique. Ce fait est dû probablement à la présence d'une chambre magmatique peu profonde à zonage compositionnel, dont des parties de plus en plus profondes ont alimenté les phases successives des éruptions. Les produits de 20 éruptions explosives ont été identifiés. La plupart d'entre eux sont des dépôts de retombée directe, avec comme seules exceptions le «Green Tuff» et le «Fossa Carbonara Tuff». Les manifestations hydromagmatiques sont très rares, en dépit du fait que le magma a dû être en contact avec l'eau de mer. On suppose que leur interaction a été réduite parce que le magma n'était ni vésiculaire, ni dilacéré. Dans les dépôts formés par retombées aériennes, on a identifié à de multiples reprises des horizons de tufs soudés à des degrés divers, jusqu'à celui des vitrophyres. La plupart des éruptions ont présenté des colonnes éruptives peu élevées et ont probablement développé un mécanisme strombolien.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die schwächsten der 80 Ausbrüche der sechs sauren Eruptionszyklen bei Pantelleria wurden innerhalb der letzten 50000 Jahre eingeleitet durch explosive Phasen und endeten mit gleichmäßigem Lavaausfluß. Die Zusammensetzung der Pyroklastika ist rhyolitisch, die der späteren Laven eher trachytisch. Die Ursache für diesen unterschiedlichen Chemismus ist wahrscheinlich eine vertikal in der Zusammensetzung zonierte Magmenkammer in geringer Tiefe, die während der Ausbrüche aus immer tiefer gelegenen Bereichen angezapft wurde. Von 20 explosiven Ausbrüchen konnten charakteristische Auswurfprodukte gefunden werden. Dabei handelt es sich meist um Schlacken- und Lavaauswurf, als Ausnahmen existieren der »Green Tuff« und der »Fossa Cabonara Tuff«. Hydromagmatische Vorgänge sind äußerst selten, obwohl das Magma mit Meerwasser in Kontakt gekommen sein muß. Die Annahme, daß keine Reaktion zwischen Magma und Meerwasser stattgefunden hat, beruht auf der blasenfreien und nicht zerrissenen Erhaltung. Innerhalb der Tuffite gibt es mehrere Horizonte unterschiedlicher Verschweißungsstufen bis hin zu Vitrophyren. Die meisten der Ausbrüche hatten niedrige Eruptionssäulen und beinhalteten strombolianische Tätigkeit.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 49 (1993), S. 363-372 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D32 ; Product quadrature rules ; algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von in der Literatur bekannten Formeln geben wir zwei Algorithmen und ihre Fortran-Implementierung für die numerische Konstruktion von Produkt-Quadraturformeln.
    Notes: Abstract By using formulas already known in the literature, we present two algorithms, together with their Fortran implementations, for the numerical construction of product quadrature rules.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 19 (1999), S. 270-274 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A calibration procedure is presented for generating bulk density profiles of intact marine sediment cores using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Developed using both artificial and natural marine sediment samples, the correlation is strong with an R 2 value of 0.98. Similar experiments with carbonate sediments were also strongly linear, but offset from the terrigenous curve, illustrating the influence of sediment chemistry on scanner response. Comparison between newly computed densities for both sediment types with those from individually calibrated cores during our previous CT studies reveals good correspondence between the data sets.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 16 (1996), S. 140-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This environmental overview of Eckernförde Bay (northern Germany) summarizes the results of previous studies relevant to the Office of Naval Research's Coastal Benthic Boundary Layer (CBBL) Baltic field exercise conducted during 1993–1994. Significant environmental characteristics include the following: (1) surface sediment distribution is related to water depth, dictated primarily by hydrodynamic reworking of older glacial deposits; (2) the origin and characteristics of small-scale sedimentary structures depend on storm-generated waves and currents; (3) the proximity of the sea surface and sediment —water interface results in a pelagic—benthic coupling that drives biogeochemical processes and produces organicrich, acoustically turbid sediments; and (4) the bay floor is complicated topographically by pockmarks and manmade sedimentary structures.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 11 (1991), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Statistical analysis of laboratory-measured compressional wave (sound) velocity, porosity, wet bulk density, and selected textural parameters of surface sediments from the Barents Sea reveals that clay content and mean grain size are the best indices to sound velocity. These parameters are followed closely by porosity and wet bulk density, while sand content provides the weakest index. Although Barents Sea surface sediments are characterized by fairly high variability, the results of the present study are in general agreement with studies of similar sediment types in other continental shelf environments.
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